Person Page - 304

     Willinswint von Adelheim was born circa 710 at Wormsgau. She married comte Rutpert I de Neustrie, son of Lambert II de Neustrie and Chrotlind des Francs, before 730. Willinswint von Adelheim and Cancor von Wormsgau were founded the Imperial Monastery on 12 July 764 at Lorsch, near Worms, Germany. Willinswint von Adelheim died after 768.

     Also called Pippin III "der Jüngere" des Franken German.¹⁰ Also called Pépin III "le Bref".¹ Pippin III Brevis, rex Francorum also went by the name of Pepin "the Short". He was born in 715 at Jupille.¹¹ He was the son of Carolus Martellus, dux Francorum and Chrothrudis de Trèves.^5,6,7,8,9 Pippin III Brevis, rex Francorum succeeded his father as Mayor of Neustria, with control over Burgundy, Provence, and the Moselle Region, in 741.¹² He witnessed the will of Carolus Martellus, dux Francorum before 21 October 741; Provided for the division of the Frankish Empire between his sons Pepin (Neustria, Burgundy, and Provence) and Carloman (Austrasia, Alamannia, and Thuringia). Aquitaine and Burgundy were left to their own devices.⁶ Mayor of the Palace at Neustria, Frankish Kingdom, between 21 October 741 and 751.¹³ Pippin III Brevis, rex Francorum associated with Bertrada "au Grand Pied" de Laon, daughter of Charibert, comte de Laon and Bertrada von Köln, between 743 and 744.^14,15,16,17 Pippin III Brevis, rex Francorum married Bertrada "au Grand Pied" de Laon, daughter of Charibert, comte de Laon and Bertrada von Köln, in 749.¹⁸ Pippin III Brevis, rex Francorum was a witness where Bonifacio of Lucca sent to Bavaria from Italy by Pepin the Short in 750. Pippin III Brevis, rex Francorum deposed the merovingian king, Childeric III, and crowned King of the Franks by Saint Boniface in November 751.¹ 8th King of all Franks between November 751 and 768.^19,8,1 Annals of Monte Fernando 752: "Pipinus fit rex."²⁰ He he returned to the business his father had left uncompleted in the south in 739 when he led a Frankish army all but unopposed to the outskirts of Narbonne in 752.²¹ He married Bertrada "au Grand Pied" de Laon, daughter of Charibert, comte de Laon and Bertrada von Köln, before 754; Recognized.²² Pippin III Brevis, rex Francorum by a solemn act of the supreme pontiff (Stephen III) established upon the throne until then nominally occupied by the house of Merowig (Merovingians) on 28 July 754 at St. Denis on the Seine, Neustria. The pope then laid upon the Christian Franks a precept, under the gravest spiritual penalties, never "to choose their kings from any other family". Primogeniture did not hold in the Frankish law of succession; the monarchy was elective, though eligibility was limited to the male members of the one privileged family.²³ He failed in his mission for some seven years Frankish forces invested Narbonne without taking the city before 759.²¹ He was a witness where Waifre, duc d'Aquitaine attacked the Frankish forces in the Narbonnaise led by Pepin II before 759.²¹ Pippin III Brevis, rex Francorum finally secured the city of Narbonne, and then only after promising the Gothic inhabitants of this region their own laws and probably their own government, thereupon, we are told, they killed the Moslem garrison and delivered the city over to him, in 759.²¹ He moved again, following the conquest of Narbonne, north and west to occupy Toulouse, Rouergue, and the Albigeois, putting both Septimania and Southeastern Aquitaine into Carolingian hands before 760.²¹ He was a witness where Waifre, duc d'Aquitaine made arrangement to hold out against Pepin II, and the allied Goths, by making his own alliance with Duke Lupo of Gascony, which assured him of Gascon troops and assistance when needed, in 760.²⁴ Pippin III Brevis, rex Francorum sent an army into Berry and Auvergne which ravaged a large part of Aquitaine, or as the chronicler puts it, "maximam partem Aquitaniae," with fire and sword in 760.²⁴ He was a witness where Waifre, duc d'Aquitaine sued for peace from Pepin, but Pepin, for whom only complete conquest would satisfy, pursued the war as aggressor in 760.²⁵ Pippin III Brevis, rex Francorum was a witness where Waifre, duc d'Aquitaine avenged the attack by Pepin on Aquitaine when he sent two of his border counts, those who controlled Bourges (Count Humbert) and Auvergne (Count Bladino), to ravage Burgundy in 761.²⁴ Pippin III Brevis, rex Francorum replied to the Aquitainian attack on Burgundy with an expedition into Auvergne which captured the key fortresses of Bourbon and Clermont, killed a number of Gascon auxiliaries who were fighting for the Aquitanians, and forced Count Bladino of Auvergne to submit, in 761.²⁴ He followed his success in Auvergne with an attack on Berry and Poitiers, and Bourges surrendered with its Count Humbert, and so did the fortress of Thouars and the count of Poitou, and the Gascons fighting for these counts were deported across the Loire into Northern France, in 762.²⁶ He continued his campaign against the Aquitainians with a raid which carried his forces through the Limousin as far south as Quercy in 763.²⁶ He persecuted a see-saw struggle with the Aquitainians which was to last three years, the war became a bitter affair, and Pepin began to wage it with deliberate frightfulness, for we are told he burnt villas, destroyed vineyards, and depopulated monasteries, between 763 and 765.²⁶ He destroyed the resistance in central Aquitaine with his brutal tactics circa November 765.²⁶ He turned his attention to the Gascons, and attacked Périgord, Angouléme, and the Bordelais, and in a series of campaigns the castella and civitates of these regions were reduced and the countryside so devastated that "nullus colonus terram ad laborandam" escaped unscathed, between 766 and 767.²⁶ He accepted the submission, on the defeat of the Gascon allies of Waifre of Aquitaine, the pro-Frankish peace party of nobles led by Count Humbert of Bourges and other magnates in 768.²⁶ He witnessed the death of Waifre, duc d'Aquitaine in 768 at Périgord; Following the defeat and submission of his allies to Pepin of the Franks, his family was captured, and he was killed in a forest in Périgord.^27,26 Pippin III Brevis, rex Francorum left a will in September 768; He made the partition of his lands between his two sons. He died on 24 September 768 at Saint-Denis, France, at age 53 years.^8,10

     King of Uppsala Randver Radbardsson (Mythical) was born circa 668.¹ He was the son of Radbard av Sverige (Mythical) and Auda Ivarsdóttir. King of Uppsala Randver Radbardsson (Mythical) died in 770. Slain in the epic sea battle of Bravik.^1,2

     Comte Nibelung I des Francs also went by the name of Nivelon "the Historian". He was born in 725.¹ He was the son of comte en Bourgogne, duc en Provence Childebrand I des Francs and N. N. (?).^1,2 Count of Perrecy at Saône-et-Loire, Burgundy, between 768 and 814.¹ Comte Nibelung I des Francs died between 770 and 786.¹

      Also called Karlmann "der Jüngere" German.² Carloman, roi des Francs was born in 751.^3,2 He was the son of Pippin III Brevis, rex Francorum and Bertrada "au Grand Pied" de Laon.¹ Carloman, roi des Francs was a witness where Pippin III Brevis, rex Francorum by a solemn act of the supreme pontiff (Stephen III) established upon the throne until then nominally occupied by the house of Merowig (Merovingians) on 28 July 754 at St. Denis on the Seine, Neustria.⁴ Carloman, roi des Francs married Gerberge (?) circa 768. Carloman, roi des Francs succeeded his father, Pepin the Short, to become co-ruler with his brother Charles (Charlemagne), of France in 768. He witnessed the will of Pippin III Brevis, rex Francorum in September 768; He made the partition of his lands between his two sons. Co-King of the Franks between September 768 and 4 December 771.⁵ Styled par la grâce de Dieu, roi des Francs. Annales Xantenses 771: "Karlomannus rex defunctus est 2. Non. Decemb."⁶ Carloman, roi des Francs died on 4 December 771 at age 20 years.^4,6

     Sources: 1. Toumanoff, C. 'The Orontids of Armenia' in 'Studies in Christian Caucasian History' (1963) pp.337-342. ; 2. Toumanoff, C. 'The Early Bagratids' in La Museon, (1949), pp.21-54. Samuel II of Taraun, Prince of the Mamikonids was the father-in-law of Smbat Bagratuni of Armenia.³ It is reasonably certain that Samuel was a descendant of the prince Hmayeak who died in 451. The reason for this is that Samuel II was head of the family, Hmayeak was father or ancestor of the heads of the family which immediately followed 451, and enough is known about the Mamikonids(from Toumanoff`s book, Sebeoc, Settipani, etc.) that it is reasonably certain that the leadership of the family was not taken over by a cadet branch that branched off earlier than Hmayeak, even if the exact line of descent is not known.⁴ Prince of the Mamikonids at Toron.² Also called Chmouegh.¹ He was born circa 710.² He was the son of David II Mamikonean of Taraun.² Samuel II of Taraun, Prince of the Mamikonids died on 25 April 772 at the Battle of Bagravandene.

     Comte Guerin de Hesbaye was born circa 723. He was the son of comte de Hesbaye Robert de Hesbaye and Williswinda (?). Comte Guerin de Hesbaye married Adelindis (?) circa 753. Comte Guerin de Hesbaye died on 20 May 772.

     Brenin Powys Brochfael ab Elisedd o Powys was son of Eliseg.³ Also called Brochcmail.³ He was the successor of Brenin Powys Elisedd ap Gwylog o Powys; King of Powys.² Brenin Powys Brochfael ab Elisedd o Powys was born circa 720.¹ He was the son of Brenin Powys Elisedd ap Gwylog o Powys.¹ King of Powys at Wales between 740 and 773.² Brenin Powys Brochfael ab Elisedd o Powys died in 773.¹ He was the predecessor of Brenin Powys Cadell Powys ap Brochfael o Powys; King of Powys.²

     Also called Eliseg.² Brenin Powys Elisedd ap Gwylog o Powys was son of Guoillauc.² He was born circa 695.¹ He was the son of Brenin Powys Gwylog ap Beli o Powys.¹ King of Powys at Wales between 710 and 773.³ Brenin Powys Elisedd ap Gwylog o Powys "annexed the inheritance of Powys ... throughout nine (years?) from the power of the English, which he made into a sword-land by fire" in 720.² He was co-ruler with Brenin Powys Brochfael ab Elisedd o Powys; King of Powys.³ Brenin Powys Elisedd ap Gwylog o Powys died in 773.¹ He is best known for the memorial stone dedicated to him, Eliseg's Pillar, which stands in Llantysilio-yn-Ial in Northern Powys. It was once topped by an enormous cross, and was erected by his great grandson some one hundred years after Elisedd's ascendancy in the early 8th century. Its inscription praises his victories against the Saxons and includes an exceptional record of the Powysian pedigree, stretching back to Vortigern and Magnus Maximus. At Llantysilio-yn-Ial, Northern Powys, Wales, after 823.² He was a witness where Brenin Powys Cyngen ap Cadell o Powys the King who erected Eliseg's Pillar after 823 at Llantysilio-yn-Ial, Northern Powys, Wales.

     Aurelio ((?)), rey de Asturias y Galicia was "hijo de un hermano de Alfonso I, nieto de Pedro, el duque de Cantabria." He was born before 750 at León. He was the son of Fruela, duque de Cantabria.¹ King of Asturias and Galicia at Spain between 768 and 774.^2,3 Aurelio ((?)), rey de Asturias y Galicia died circa 774. He was the predecessor of Silo, rey de Asturias; King of Asturias and Galicia.^2,3

     Loup d' Aquitaine was born circa 694. He was the son of Hatton d' Aquitaine.¹ Loup d' Aquitaine died in 774.¹

     Also called Aélis.² Also called Adélaïde.² Adelais des Francs was born between September 773 and June 774 at Lombardy, Italy. She was born during the siege of Pavia.^1,2 She was the daughter of Carolus I Magnus, empereur auguste and Hildegardis, regina.¹ Adelais des Francs died in July 774 or August 774 at Italy.² Adelais des Francs was buried in the Church of St. Arnulf, Metz, Moselle, Lorraine, France.²

     Duke Hnabi of the Alamanni was the grandfather of Hildegardis, regina; the daughter of Gerold I, Frankish Count in Vinzgau, and Imma, daughter of the Alamanni Duke Hnabi, descendent of Duke Godefried.¹ Duke Hnabi of the Alamanni was the grandfather of Hildegardis, regina; the daughter of the Alamanni Duke Hnabi.¹ Also called Nebi.³ Duke Hnabi of the Alamanni was born in 700.⁴ He was the son of Graf Huoching des Alemannien.² Duke of Alamania between 720 and 724.⁵ Count in 724.⁴ Duke Hnabi of the Alamanni married Hersuinde (?) before 735.⁴ Duke Hnabi of the Alamanni died before 775.⁴

     Haithabu was a small kingdom in the south of Schleswig, on the Eider River. An area alternately part of the Danish or German realms. King of Haithabu Haraldr Eysteinsson was son of Eystein, King of Vestold.¹ He was born circa 752. He was the son of King of Raumerike and Vestfold Eysteinn "the Fart" Hálfdanarson. King of Haithabu Haraldr Eysteinsson married Emhild von Engern, daughter of Graf Warnechin von Engern and Kunhilde of Rugen, before 775. King of Haithabu Haraldr Eysteinsson died circa 775 at the Irish Sea. King of Haithabu at Jutland before 804.¹ He was the predecessor of King of Haithabu Hálfdan Haraldsson Yngling; King of Haithabu.¹

     King of Picts Ciniod mac Feradaig was the son of Feredach Wrold mac Selbach and Flann ingen Echach of Dál Riata.² Also called regis Pictorum Cinadhon.³ King of Picts Ciniod mac Feradaig succeeded his 1st cousin, once removed, Brude mac Feargusa, in 763. King of Picts between 763 and 775.¹ Annals of Ulster 775: "Death of Cinadu, king of the Picts; and Donngal son of Nuadu, abbot of Lugmad, and Fianchú, abbot of Lugmad, and Conall of Mag Luinge, and Suairlech, abbot of Linn, died. / Mors Cinadhon regis Pictorum; & Donngal m. Nuadhat abbas Lugmaidh, & Fianchu abbas Lughmaidh, & Conall Maighe Luingi, & Suairlech abbas Linne, perierunt."³ He died in 775.^1,3

     Lord of Bruinsberge-by-Hoxter. Warlord of the Saxons Bruno von Sachsen was born circa 730. He married N. N. von Asseburg, daughter of Warlord Dietrich of Eastphalia, circa 755. Warlord of the Saxons Bruno von Sachsen was was a warlord of the Saxons circa 775 at Engern. He died after 775.

     Hieronymus, comte was born between 725 and 730.³ He was the son of Carolus Martellus, dux Francorum and Chrothais , a concubine.² Hieronymus, comte married Ermentrude (?); His 1st.¹ Count between 754 and 775.¹ Hieronymus, comte married Ercheswindis (?); His 2nd.¹ Hieronymus, comte died after 775.⁴

      Basileus Constantine V Copronymus of Byzantium was born in 718 at Constantinople, Byzantine Empire.^1,3 He was the son of basileus Rhomaiôn Leo III "the Isaurian" of Byzantium.² Basileus Constantine V Copronymus of Byzantium was baptized in 718; Branded with arguably the worst moniker in history, Copronymous ("Name of Shit") for having supposedly defecated whilst being baptized.⁴ He was made coruler of the empire with his father in 720.³ Co-Emperor at Byzantine Empire between 720 and 741.³ He married Princess Eirene the Khazar in 732; His 1st.^5,2,6,7 Basileus Constantine V Copronymus of Byzantium married Maria (?) after 740; His 2nd.^2,5 Basileus Constantine V Copronymus of Byzantium succeeded his father to the imperial title in 741. Emperor at Byzantine Empire between 741 and 775.^8,6,3 He married Eudokia (?) after 742; His 3rd.^2,5 Basileus Constantine V Copronymus of Byzantium died on 14 September 775 at Strongylon, Bulgaria, at age 57 years. While campaigning, the fifty-seven year old emperor's limbs swelled and he was forced to lead his army from a litter. His condition worsened, and on 14th September, 775 he died at Strongylon.^1,4,3 He was the successor of basileus Leo IV "the Khazar" of Byzantium; Emperor.⁸ . He was buried with the emperors in the Church of the Holy Apostles, but his bones were disinterred in the 9th century, burned and thrown into the sea.⁴

     Ašot III "the Blind", Prince of Armenia was son of Vasak.⁴ Sources: 1. Toumanoff, C. 'The Orontids of Armenia' in 'Studies in Christian Caucasian History' (1963) pp.337-342. ; 2. Toumanoff, C. 'The Early Bagratids' in La Museon, (1949), pp.21-54. He was born circa 685. He was the son of Vasak Bagratuni.^2,3,4 Ašot III "the Blind", Prince of Armenia became the marzpan of Armenia fifty-four years after the immolation of the Armenian princes in Naxchawan, the Arab massacre of nobles in 705, and ruled for seventeen years in 759.^5,6 Marzpan of Armenia at Transcaucasia between 759 and 776.⁵ He died in 776. He was the predecessor of Smbat VII, sparapet; Marzpan of Armenia.⁵

     Eberhard I von Nordgau was born circa 730. He was the son of Alberich von Nordgau. Eberhard I von Nordgau died circa 777.

     Tighearna Ua Failghe Mugrón mac Flainn Uí Failgi was the son of rí h-Úa Failge Flann h-úa Conghaile Uí Failgi and Erenncha ingen Murchada Uí Éremóin.² Lord of Ui Failghe at Leinster, Ireland, before 777.¹ Tighearna Ua Failghe Mugrón mac Flainn Uí Failgi died in 777. "Mughron, son of Flann, Lord of Ui Failghe, was slain in the battle of Cuirreach, by the side of Cill Dara."¹

     King of Dál Riata Áed I Find mac Echach of Dál Riata also went by the name of Áed "of the Assemblies".¹ Also called Áed Airechtech "Airechtech" means "of the Assemblies."¹ Also called Áed Find mac Echdach.³ Also called Áed Find mac Echach cinél Gabráin.^4,5,6 King of Dál Riata Áed I Find mac Echach of Dál Riata also went by the name of Áed "the Fair".¹ He was born in 714.⁶ He was the son of King of Dál Riata Eochaid III Angbaid mac Echach of Dál Riata.^2,1,3 King of Dál Riata between 750 and 778.^1,3 Annals of Ulster 778: "Niall Frosach son of Fergal in Í Choluim Chille, and Niall son of Conall Grant, king of southern Brega, and Tuathal son of Cremthann, king of Cuala, and Flannabra, king of Uí Máil, and Aed Finn son of Echaid, king of Dál Riata—all died. / Niall Frosach m. Ferghaile a nn-I Cholaim Chille, & Niall m. Conaill Graint rex Deisceirt Bregh, & Tuathal m. Cremhtain rex Cualand, & Flannabra rex H. Mail, & Aedh Finn m. Echdach rex Dal Riati,—omnes mortui sunt."⁷ King of Dál Riata Áed I Find mac Echach of Dál Riata died in 778 at age 64 years.⁷

     Niall Frossach mac Fergail, rí Ailech, Ard-rí na h'Éireann also went by the name of Niall "of the Showers".^2,3 He married Dunlaith ingen Flaithbertaich Cenél Conaill, daughter of Flaithbertach mac Loingsech, Ard-rí na h'Éireann.⁴ Niall Frossach mac Fergail, rí Ailech, Ard-rí na h'Éireann was born in 718.⁴ Annals of Ulster 718: "A shower of honey rained upon Othan Bec, a shower of blood upon the foss of Laigin. Hence Niall Frosach who was born at that time, is so named. / Pluit frois melo for Oithin Bicc. Pluit frois sanguinis super Fossam Laginarum. Inde uocatur Niall Frosach m. Fergaile, qui tunc natus est."⁵ He was the son of Fergal mac Máel Dúin, rí Ailech, Ard-rí na h'Éireann.¹ 162nd Monarch of Ireland between 738 and 758. Niall Frossach mac Fergail, rí Ailech, Ard-rí na h'Éireann began his reign with three months of snow, followed by famine, earthquakes and pestilence in 763.² He abdicated and became a monk in 770 at Iona.² He died in 778 at Iona at age 60 years.⁶ Annals of Ulster 778: "Niall Frosach son of Fergal in Í Choluim Chille, and Niall son of Conall Grant, king of southern Brega, and Tuathal son of Cremthann, king of Cuala, and Flannabra, king of Uí Máil, and Aed Finn son of Echaid, king of Dál Riata—all died. / Niall Frosach m. Ferghaile a nn-I Cholaim Chille, & Niall m. Conaill Graint rex Deisceirt Bregh, & Tuathal m. Cremhtain rex Cualand, & Flannabra rex H. Mail, & Aedh Finn m. Echdach rex Dal Riati,—omnes mortui sunt."⁶

     Congalach mac Conaing, rí Bregh was the son of Conaing mac Amalgada, rí Bregh.¹ Annals of Ulster 777: "Disturbance of the assembly by Donnchad against the Ciannacht. Warfare between Donnchad and Congalach. / Cumuscc ind oenaigh la Donnchad for Ciannacht. In coccadh iter Donnchad & Congalach."² 19th King of Brega at the Middle Kingdom, Ireland, before 778.³ Congalach mac Conaing, rí Bregh died in 778. He was killed in battle against Donnchad (of Leinster).⁴ Annals of Ulster 778: "The same warfare between Donnchad and Congalach i.e son of Conaing, and at its conclusion the battle of Forchalad in which fell Congalach son of Conaing and Cuanu son of Éicnid and Diarmait son of Clothgna and Dúnchad son of Ailéne and Flaithnia son of Mael Dúin and many others. Donnchad was victor. / In coccadh cetna iter Donnchad & Congalach, .i. m. Conaing, & bellum Forcalaid inna forciunn ubi ceciderunt Congalach m. Conaing & Cuanu m. Ecnid & Dermait m. Clothgni & Dunchad m. Aléni & Flathnia m. Maele Duin & ceteri multi. Donnchad uictor fuit."⁴

     Toumanoff mentions his relationship to granddaughter Theodora and Bardas, the latter of whom he calls a grandson rather than great grandson (2). Artavazd Mamikonean, nakharar in Bragevan was born circa 720.⁵ He was the son of Hmayeak Mamikonean, Patrician.^2,4 Nakharar in Bragevan in 771.³ Artavazd Mamikonean, nakharar in Bragevan migrated to Georgia in 771.³ He killed a Muslim tax-collector in the northwestern district of Širak and was consequently driven to flight into Byzantine territory by the ostikan between 774 and 775.⁶ Strategos of the Anatolians in 778.³ He died after 778.⁷

     Also called comte de Paris Girard des Francs. Graf von Paris Gerhard I von Paris was born circa 724?. He was living between 743 and 755.² He married Gräfin von Paris Rotrude des Franken.^1,3 Count of Paris between 753 and 779.⁴ Graf von Paris Gerhard I von Paris died in 779.¹ He was the predecessor of Graf von Paris Stephan von Paris; Count of Paris.

     Also called Lothaire.² Hlothar des Francs was born between 16 April 778 and September 778 at the Villa of Chasseneuil, near Poitiers, Vienne, France.^1,3 He was the son of Carolus I Magnus, empereur auguste and Hildegardis, regina.¹ Hlothar des Francs died in 779 or 780.³

     Nobleman at Adrianople.³ Hmayeak Maiactes Mamikonean was born in 755.² He was the son of Artavazd Mamikonean, nakharar in Bragevan.² Hmayeak Maiactes Mamikonean married N. N. Gnuni, daughter of Leo V "the Armenian", basileus Rhomaiôn and Theodocia Kamsarakan.^2,3 Hmayeak Maiactes Mamikonean died between 780 and 797.⁴

      Basileus Leo IV "the Khazar" of Byzantium was born on 25 January 749.² He was the son of basileus Constantine V Copronymus of Byzantium and Princess Eirene the Khazar.¹ Basileus Leo IV "the Khazar" of Byzantium married basilissa St. Irene of Athens before 770.^3,1,4 Basileus Leo IV "the Khazar" of Byzantium became Byzantine emperor at the death of his father, Constantine V, on 14 September 775.² Emperor at Byzantine Empire between 15 September 775 and September 780.⁵ He he crowned his young son as co-emperor at the request of the army and with the support of the Senate and the citizens in 776.² He profited from discord among the Bulgars by granting the Bulgar khan Telerig asylum in Constantinople and marrying him to a cousin of his wife Irene between 776 and 777.² He was co-ruler with basileus Constantine VI of Byzantium; co-Emperor.² Basileus Leo IV "the Khazar" of Byzantium conducted three campaigns against the Arabs between 777 and 780.² He died on 8 September 780 at age 31 years, 7 months and 14 days.² He was the successor of basilissa St. Irene of Athens; Regent.^6,4 Basileus Leo IV "the Khazar" of Byzantium was the successor of basileus Constantine VI of Byzantium; Emperor.^7,8,5,6

     Also called Vurguist Latin. Also called King of Dál Riata Fergus mac Echach of Dál Riata.³ Also called Fergus mac Eochaid cinél Gabráin. Tighearna Dal Riada Ferghus mac Eachdach married N. N. ingen Feradach, daughter of Feredach Wrold mac Selbach and Flann ingen Echach of Dál Riata; His 2nd.⁴ Tighearna Dal Riada Ferghus mac Eachdach was born circa 727. He was the son of King of Dál Riata Eochaid III Angbaid mac Echach of Dál Riata.² Tighearna Dal Riada Ferghus mac Eachdach married N. N. ingen Feradach, daughter of Feredach Wrold mac Selbach and Flann ingen Echach of Dál Riata, before 757; His 1st. King of Dál Riata between 778 and 781.⁵ Tighearna Dal Riada Ferghus mac Eachdach died circa 781. Annals of the Four Masters 0776 recte 0781: "Fearghus, son of Eochaidh, lord of Dal Riada, died. / Ferghus, mac Eachdach, tighearna Dal Riada, d'écc." ( (an unknown value)).¹

     Theoserbia (?) was a noblewoman.¹ She was born in 725.¹ She married Philaretos the Armenian, son of Georgios the Armenian and Anna (?), before 745.¹ Theoserbia (?) died in 782 at age 57 years. Apparently dead by this date.¹

     King of Picts Drust III mac Talorcen was the son of King of Picts Talorcen III mac Áengusa and N. N. ingen Feradach.² King of Picts Drust III mac Talorcen was one of five kings who vied for the kingship following the death of Ciniod. He was one of five claimaints to the Pictish kingdom on the death of Ciniod mac Feradach in 775.¹ He succeeded his 1st cousin, Talorcen mac Drust, to the Pictish throne in 781.¹ King of Picts between 781 and 782.¹ He died in 782. He was either killed in battle or driven into exile.¹

     King of Picts Talorcen II mac Drust was the son of Drust (?) and N. N. ingen Feradach.² King of Picts Talorcen II mac Drust succeeded his brother, Alpin, to the Pictish throne in 779.³ King of Picts between 779 and 781.¹ Annals of Ulster 782: "... Dub Tholarg, king of the Picts on this side of Monoth ...- died. / ... Dub Tholargg rex Pictorum citra Monoth ...⁴
" He died in 782.⁴

     Milo de Narbonne was born circa 755. He was the son of comte Guerin de Hesbaye and Adelindis (?). Milo de Narbonne died after 782.

     Silo, rey de Asturias was "casado con Adosina, la hija de Alfonso I 'el Católico.¹'" Also called King Silo of Asturias. He was the successor of Aurelio ((?)), rey de Asturias y Galicia; King of Asturias and Galicia.^2,3 King of Asturias and Galicia at Spain between 774 and 783.^2,3 Silo, rey de Asturias died in 783 at Pravia, Asturia, Spain.¹

     Graf Lantbert von Worms was Vogt of the Klosters Mettlach at Saarland.³ He was Vogt (advocate?) of the Hausklosters Hornbach at Rheinland-Pfalz.³ He was certainly a relative, possibly a direct descendant, of Bishop Liutwin "the Holy" of Trier (+c 717).³ Also called Lambert von Hornbach.⁴ He was born circa 730. He was the son of Wido, Graf.² Graf Lantbert von Worms was born circa 732?. He married Dietberga , wife of Lantbert von Worms in 757.^1,5 Count and Lord of Hornbach between 760 and 783.⁶ Graf Lantbert von Worms died after 783.

     Hildegardis, regina was the daughter of Gerold I, Frankish Count in Vinzgau, and Imma, daughter of the Alamanni Duke Hnabi, descendent of Duke Godefried.³ She was the daughter of the Alamanni Duke Hnabi.³ Also called Houdiard.³ She was the mother of Pippin, roi des Lombards; the second son, but first legitimate, of Charlmagne, by his 3rd wife, Hildegardis.⁷ Hildegardis, regina was the descendant of Graf Huoching des Alemannien; the great-grandfather of Hildegard, a wife of Charlemagnes.⁸ Hildegardis, regina was the mother of Bertrada des Francs; the daughter of Charlemagne by his 3rd wife, Hildigardis.⁹ Hildegardis, regina was the mother of Carolus "le Jeune", roi de France orientale; the son of Charlemagne by his 3rd wife, Himiltrude.¹⁰ Hildegardis, regina was born in 758.³ She was the daughter of Frankischen Graf von Vinzgau Gerold I von Vinzgau and Imma of the Alamanni.^4,5,6 Hildegardis, regina married Carolus I Magnus, empereur auguste, son of Pippin III Brevis, rex Francorum and Bertrada "au Grand Pied" de Laon, before 30 April 771 at Aix-la-Chapelle (Aachen), Germany, Frankish Empire; His 3rd.^11,12,13,3 Hildegardis, regina was thirteen years old when she married Charles before 30 April 771.¹⁴ She accompanied Charles to Italy in 773.³ She assisted with the baptism, annointing, and coronation of her sons Pippin and Louis in 781.³ In the annals for 783: "hoc anno moritur Hiltigardis regina 2. Kalend. Mai."¹⁵ Annales Xantenses 783: "Hildewardis regina obiit."¹⁶ She died on 30 April 783 at Thionville, Moselle, Lorraine, France, at age 25 years. "It was in this year, signalized, according to the chroniclers, by unexampled heat and a pestilence, that the two queens (Hildegardis, the wife of Charlemagne, and Bertrada, his mother) died." She is said to have died in childbirth.^3,13,17,15 Hildegardis, regina was buried in the church of the Abbey of St. Arnulf of Metz, Moselle, Lorraine, France.³

     Hildegardis des Francs was born after 8 June 782 at Thionville, Muerthe-et-Moselle, Lorraine, France.^1,2 She was the daughter of Carolus I Magnus, empereur auguste and Hildegardis, regina.¹ Hildegardis des Francs died between 1 June 783 and 8 June 783.^1,2 Hildegardis des Francs was buried in the Abbey Church of St. Arnulf of Metz.²

     Also called Berthe de Laon.³ Bertrada "au Grand Pied" de Laon also went by the name of Bertha "Broadfoot". She was born circa 721 at Laon, Aisne, France. She was the daughter of Charibert, comte de Laon and Bertrada von Köln.^1,2 Bertrada "au Grand Pied" de Laon associated with Pippin III Brevis, rex Francorum, son of Carolus Martellus, dux Francorum and Chrothrudis de Trèves, between 743 and 744.^4,2,1,5 Bertrada "au Grand Pied" de Laon married Pippin III Brevis, rex Francorum, son of Carolus Martellus, dux Francorum and Chrothrudis de Trèves, in 749.⁶ Queen of Franks between November 751 and July 783.³ Bertrada "au Grand Pied" de Laon married Pippin III Brevis, rex Francorum, son of Carolus Martellus, dux Francorum and Chrothrudis de Trèves, before 754; Recognized.⁷ Bertrada "au Grand Pied" de Laon was blessed by Pope Stephen II, along with her husband, Pepin the Short, and her two sons, Charles and Carloman, in 754.⁸ She witnessed the marriage of Carolus I Magnus, empereur auguste and Desiderata in 769; His 2nd. s.p.^9,2,10 Bertrada "au Grand Pied" de Laon died on 12 June 783 at Choisy-au-Bac, near Compiègne, France. "It was in this year, signalized, according to the chroniclers, by unexampled heat and a pestilence, that the two queens (Bertha and Hildegard) died."^9,2,8

     Bonifacio of Lucca was born circa 728 at Italy. He was the son of Richbald of Lucca. Bonifacio of Lucca was sent to Bavaria from Italy by Pepin the Short in 750. He died before 785 at Bavaria.

     Also called Ruaidri mac Fáeláin of the Uí Fáeláin branch of Uí Dúnlainge.⁴ Rí Laigin Ruaidri mac Fáeláin Uí Dúnlainge was born circa 730. He was the son of rí Laigin Fáelán mac Murchada Uí Dúnlainge and Tualath ingen Cathail Eóghanacht Glendamnacht.^1,2,3 King of Laigin between 776 and 785.^1,4 Rí Laigin Ruaidri mac Fáeláin Uí Dúnlainge died in 785.^1,4,5

     Arch'il "the Martyr", King of K'art'li was de facto Eristavt-Eristavi of the former Kingdom of Egrisi.² He was son of King Step'anoz, and brother of King Mir, a descandant of Xosro.¹ He married off his niece, daughter of his sonless brother Myr, to Leon of Abkhazia, to whom he also passed the crown of Egrisi, with the consent of the Byzantine Imperial court.² He was the successor of Mir, King of K'art'li; Ruler of Kaxet'i.³ Arch'il "the Martyr", King of K'art'li was the successor of Mir, King of K'art'li; 43rd King of Kartli.⁴ Arch'il "the Martyr", King of K'art'li was given by his brother Egrisi, Suanet'i, T'akueri, Arguet'l, and Guria in 736 at K'art'li, Transcaucasia.¹ He was given Klarjet'i and Inner Mt'iulet'i by his brother to pass on to his nieces and marry them off to his erist'avis in 736.¹ 44th King of K'artl'i at Transcaucasia between 736 and 786.⁵ Ruler of Kaxet'i at Transcaucasia between 736 and 786.³ He died in 786.⁶

     Bernhard, comte was son of Charles Martel and Chrothais.² He was born in 725.¹ He was the son of Carolus Martellus, dux Francorum and Chrothais , a concubine.¹ Bernhard, comte married N. N. des Francs circa 746; His 1st. Bernhard, comte married N. N. von Sachsen circa 772; His 2nd.² Bernhard, comte died in 787 at age 62 years.³

     Rex Conaille Slogadach mac Úa Uargalaich Uí Echach Coba was the son of Úa Uargal mac Uchtbrain Uí Echach Coba.² King of Conaille before 787. Rex Conaille Slogadach mac Úa Uargalaich Uí Echach Coba died in 787.¹

     Romuald of the Langobardi was the son of Arechis II, Prince of Benevento and Adalperga.¹ Romuald of the Langobardi died in 787. He died shortly before his father.¹

     Waldo of the Langobardi was the son of Arechis II, Prince of Benevento and Adalperga.¹ Waldo of the Langobardi died in 787. He died shortly before his father.¹

     Arechis II, Prince of Benevento was born circa 734.² Duke of Benevento at Italy between 758 and 773.^1,2,3 Prince of Benevento at Italy between 774 and 787.^1,2 He married Adalperga, daughter of Desidarius, King of Longobards, before 776 at Benevento, Italy.^4,5 Arechis II, Prince of Benevento was the predecessor of Grimoald III, Duke of Benevento; Prince of Benevento.^1,2 Arechis II, Prince of Benevento died on 26 August 787 at Salerno.²

      'Abd al-Rahmân I al-Dâkhil ibn Mu'âwiya, amir al-Qurtubi was named in full: `Abdul-Rahman bin Mu`awiah bin Hisham bin `Abdul-Malik.<sup>3</sup> Saqr Quraish.<sup>4</sup> Of the Umayyad. 'Abd al-Rahmân I al-Dâkhil ibn Mu'âwiya, amir al-Qurtubi also went by the name of 'Abd al-Rahmân "the Immigrant".<sup>5</sup> He was born in 731 at Damascus, Syria.<sup>3</sup> He was the son of Mu`awiya ibn Hishâm al-Dimashqi and Raha the Berber.^1,2 'Abd al-Rahmân I al-Dâkhil ibn Mu'âwiya, amir al-Qurtubi was the first cousin, twice removed, of the last Umayyed Caliph of Damascus, and as a member of the Umayyad House, in danger of being hunted down and killed by the Abbassid rebels, he fled to Spain after 750.⁶ He flourished between 750 and 788.⁶ He was attacked and defeated the Governor of al-Andalus, Emir Yusuf Al-Fahri, in 755.^6,3 He crossed over to Spain and was warmly met by his future aids and supporters on 24 August 755 at Almunecar, to the east of Malaga, al-Andalus, Spain.⁷ He married Khazraf (?) before 756.¹ 'Abd al-Rahmân I al-Dâkhil ibn Mu'âwiya, amir al-Qurtubi was the founder of the Umayyad Dynasty in Andalusia.³ Emir of Córdoba at Al-Andalus, Spain, between 756 and 788.^6,3,8 He began his campaign for the creation of the Umayyad state in Al-Andalus by capturing Seville in March 756.⁷ He captured Cordoba with little effort in May 756.⁷ He faced two uprisings by Yemeni Arabs, the first one under ostensible 'Abbâsid patronage, between 760 and 769.⁵ He faced a more serious challenge from the Miknâsa Berber Shakya, who harassed Umayyad columns from mountain strongholds between 768 and 776.⁵ He became involved with international politics when the Muslim governor of Zaragoza plotted against 'Abd al-Rahmân along with an 'Abbâsid envoy, finally calling upon Charlemagne for help. The Frankish king beseiged Zaragoza when the governor's subjects refused to open the city to him and retired in failure when news of a rebellion in Saxony reached him in 778.^3,5 He died in 788 at age 57 years. At his death, he left a strong caliphate to his son Hishâm.^1,3

     Hypatia the Armenian was born in 755.¹ He was the son of Philaretos the Armenian and Theoserbia (?).¹ Hypatia the Armenian died in 788 at age 33 years. Apparently dead by this date.¹

     Mauregato, rey de Asturias was relation "Hijo bastardo del rey Alfonso I y de una cautiva árabe traída."¹ He was born circa 755. He was the son of Alfonso Iº Pérez "el Católico", rey de Asturias and N. N. , a concubine. Mauregato, rey de Asturias was the successor of Silo, rey de Asturias; King of Asturias and Galicia.^2,3 King of Asturias at Spain between 783 and 789. Mauregato, rey de Asturias died in 788.