Person Page - 269

     Ptolomaeus, King of Commagene died 0130 B.C.. He was grandson of Arsames and founder of the Dynasty of Commagene.¹ He broke with Antioch and took the title "king" Ptolemais 0163 B.C..² King of Commagene at Anatolia 0163-0130 B.C..³ Govenor of Commagene at Anatolia 0173-0163 B.C..² He was the son of Orontes IV, King of Armenia.¹ Ptolomaeus, King of Commagene was born 0200 B.C..⁴

     Eochaid Feidlech mac Finn, Ard-rí na h'Éireann was the son of Finn mac Fintain Uí Éremóin.² Eochaid Feidlech mac Finn, Ard-rí na h'Éireann died 0130 B.C. At Teamhair, Ireland. Died in his royal city.³ 93rd Monarch of Ireland 0142-0130 B.C.. He witnessed the death of Bress-Nar-Lothar mac Echach Uí Éremóin at the Battle of Dram-ouach, Dromcue, West Meath, Ireland; Slain in battle by his father.¹ Eochaid Feidlech mac Finn, Ard-rí na h'Éireann was responsible for his son's deaths in battle. "They all lost their lives by Feidlioch, from whom they received life, which he lamented so much that it broke his heart and soon after died and was nicknamed Feidlioch, signifiying long or constant sighing, which he never gave over as long as he lived afterward."¹ He was father of six daughters: "Derbriu, Ethne and Ele, Clothru, Mugain and Medb ... the noblest and worthiest of them."⁴ Also called Eochaidh Feidlioch.⁵ He was given the epithet Feidlioch, signifiying long or constant sighing.¹ He witnessed the death of Nar mac Echach at the Battle of Dram-ouach, Dromcue, West Meath, Ireland; Slain in battle by his father.¹ Eochaid Feidlech mac Finn, Ard-rí na h'Éireann witnessed the death of Lothar mac Echach at the Battle of Dram-ouach, Dromcue, West Meath, Ireland; Slain in battle by his father.¹

     Attalos III Philometor Euergetes, King of Pergamum left a will 0133 B.C. At circa; Being the last named ruler of Pergamum, and dying without heirs, bequeathed his kingdom to the Romans.^2,3,4 He died 0133 B.C..^2,4 King of Pergamum at (in what is now northwestern Turkey), Mysia, Asia Minor, 0138-0133 B.C..^1,3,5 He was born 0170 B.C., circa.^2,4 He was the son of Eumenes II Soter, King of Pergamum and Stratonike of Cappadocia.¹ Attalos III Philometor Euergetes, King of Pergamum was the son of Eumenes II and the nephew of Attalus II Philadelphus.² "Philometor Euergetes" means "Loving-his-Mother, Benefactor" in Greek. He was so-called because of his close relationship with his mother Stratonice.⁴ He married Berenike (?).¹

     Simon Thassi, High Priest of Judaea died 0135 B.C.. This Simon also had a plot laid against him, and was slain at a feast by his son-in-law Ptolemy, who put his wife and two sons into prison, and sent some persons to kill John, who was also called Hyrcanus.^2,3 He was proclaimed by a national assembly "prince and high-priest for ever, till there should arise a faithful prophet" 0141 B.C..⁴ Modin; "Then sent Simon, and took the bones of Jonathan his brother, and buried them in Modin, the city of his fathers."⁵ Simon Thassi, High Priest of Judaea was a witness where Demetrius II Nicator, King of Syria witness to the Maccabees who were uncontested in Judea 0142 B.C.⁶ Simon Thassi, High Priest of Judaea was assumed the leadership, and under him the Jews attained to a high degree of happiness and prosperity.⁴ He renewed the treaties with Rome and Lacedæmon 0142 B.C..⁴ He repaired the fortresses of Judea, and took and destroyed the citadel of Acra 0142 B.C..⁴ He was managed the public affairs after a courageous manner, and took Gazara, and Joppa, and Jamnia, which were cities in his neighborhood, and also got the garrison under, and demolished the citadel 0142 B.C..² High Priest at Judea, Palestine, 0142-0134 B.C..^1,7 Modin; "Then Jonathan and Simon took Judas their brother, and buried him in the sepulchre of his fathers in Modin."⁸ Simon Thassi, High Priest of Judaea was the successor of Jonathan Apphus, High Priest of Judaea; High Priest.^1,7 Simon Thassi, High Priest of Judaea married N. N. (?) 0180 B.C. ?^9,10 Simon Thassi, High Priest of Judaea was the son of Mattathias ben Johanan, High Priest of Judaea.¹ Simon Thassi, High Priest of Judaea was afterward an auxiliary to Antiochus, against Trypho, whom he besieged in Dora, before he went on his expedition against the Medes.² Also called Simon, called Thassi.¹¹ He sent his sons with a band of strong men against Antiochus, while he took part of the army himself with him, and fell upon him from another quarter; he'd also laid a great many men in ambush in many places of the mountains, and was superior in all his attacks upon them; and when he had been conqueror after so glorious a manner, he was made high priest, and also freed the Jews from the dominion of the Macedonians, after one hundred and seventy years of the empire of Seleucus.² He may be considered as the founder of the Asmonean, or last Jewish, dynasty.⁴

     Judah the Hasmonean died 0135 B.C.. Imprisoned, then killed, by his brother-in-law Ptolemy, who also put his mother and brother Mattathias into prison.^1,2 He witnessed the death of Mattathias the Hasmonean 0135 B.C; Imprisoned, then killed, by his brother-in-law Ptolemy, who also put his mother and brother Judah into prison.^1,2 Judah the Hasmonean witnessed the death of N. N. (?) 0135 B.C; Imprisoned, then killed, by her son-in-law Ptolemy, who also put her two sons into prison. As her son John Hyrcanus attempted to resue her her from the fortress in which Ptolemy held them, Ptolemy had her publically whipped, but she pleaded with John that it would be better to die and see Ptolemy punished.^3,2 Judah the Hasmonean and John Hyrcanus I, High Priest of Judaea commanded with his brother the force that heroically repelled the invasion of Judaea led by Cendebeus, the general of the Syrian king Antiochus VII Sidetes, 0137 B.C..² Judah the Hasmonean was born 0179 B.C. ?.⁴ He was the son of Simon Thassi, High Priest of Judaea and N. N. (?).¹ Also called Judas.²

     Mattathias the Hasmonean witnessed the death of Judah the Hasmonean 0135 B.C; Imprisoned, then killed, by his brother-in-law Ptolemy, who also put his mother and brother Mattathias into prison.^1,3 Mattathias the Hasmonean died 0135 B.C.. Imprisoned, then killed, by his brother-in-law Ptolemy, who also put his mother and brother Judah into prison.^1,3 He witnessed the death of N. N. (?) 0135 B.C; Imprisoned, then killed, by her son-in-law Ptolemy, who also put her two sons into prison. As her son John Hyrcanus attempted to resue her her from the fortress in which Ptolemy held them, Ptolemy had her publically whipped, but she pleaded with John that it would be better to die and see Ptolemy punished.^2,3 Mattathias the Hasmonean was born 0177 B.C. ?.⁴ He was the son of Simon Thassi, High Priest of Judaea and N. N. (?).^1,2

     N. N. (?) was a witness where John Hyrcanus I, High Priest of Judaea he laid siege to the fortress, and was superior to Ptolemy in other respects, but was overcome by him as to the just affection [he had for his relations]; for when Ptolemy was distressed, he brought forth his mother, and his brethren, and set them upon the wall, and beat them with rods in every body's sight, and threatened, that unless he would go away immediately, he would throw them down headlong; at which sight Hyrcanus's commiseration and concern were too hard for his anger. But his mother was not dismayed, neither at the stripes she received, nor at the death with which she was threatened; but stretched out her hands, and prayed her son not to be moved with the injuries that she suffered to spare the wretch; since it was to her better to die by the means of Ptolemy, than to live ever so long, provided he might be punished for the injuries he done to their family 0134 B.C.¹ N. N. (?) witnessed the death of Judah the Hasmonean 0135 B.C; Imprisoned, then killed, by his brother-in-law Ptolemy, who also put his mother and brother Mattathias into prison.^2,3 N. N. (?) witnessed the death of Mattathias the Hasmonean 0135 B.C; Imprisoned, then killed, by his brother-in-law Ptolemy, who also put his mother and brother Judah into prison.^2,3 N. N. (?) died 0135 B.C.. Imprisoned, then killed, by her son-in-law Ptolemy, who also put her two sons into prison. As her son John Hyrcanus attempted to resue her her from the fortress in which Ptolemy held them, Ptolemy had her publically whipped, but she pleaded with John that it would be better to die and see Ptolemy punished.^1,3 She married Simon Thassi, High Priest of Judaea, son of Mattathias ben Johanan, High Priest of Judaea, 0180 B.C. ?^4,5

     Mithradates I Philhellene, King of Parthia died 0138 B.C.. Mithradates I died peacefully in 138/137 B.C., the first Parthian date fixed accurately by numismatic and cuneiform evidence. At his death, the Parthian empire included Parthia proper, Hyrcania, Media, Babylonia, Assyria, Elymais, Persis(?), and the districts of Tapuria and Traxiana.¹ He was declared himself independent of the Seleucids. To show his complete independence--the first of the Parthian sovereigns to do so--he began issuing coins bearing his likeness, wearing a royal diadem like the Seleucid kings. On the reverse side was a representation of Arsaces, ancestor of the dynasty, seated on an omphalos (hemispheric altar) and holding a bow, in imitation of Seleucid coins that showed Apollo in the same way, as the ancestor of the Seleucids.² King of Babylonia at Mesopotamia 0141 B.C..² He acquired Media which opened the door to Mesopotamia for Parthian expansion into that fertile territory. Mithradates entered the entered the royal city of Seleucia and was recognized as King of Babylonia July 8, 0141 BCE.¹ He captured and imprisoned the Seleucid heir Demetrius 0141 B.C..¹ He invaded Babylonia 0142 or 0141 BCE.³ He reached Ecbatana, where he moved his capital 0148-0147 B.C..² He captured the province of Elymais (ancient Elam) 0156-0153 B.C. At circa.² He won two provinces in the east, Tapuria and Traxiana, from the Bactrian king Eucratides circa 0159-0157 BCE.² He seized Media from the Seleucid ruler, Tamarchus, before 0160 BCE.^2,4 He waged a long war with Media, the success of which was long unsure, 0161-0155 B.C..¹ He witnessed the death of Antiochus IV Epiphanes, King of Syria 0163 B.C. At Tabae (or Gabae, probably present Esfahan); Killed in battle against the Parthian King, Mithridates I.^5,2 Mithradates I Philhellene, King of Parthia was a witness where Phraates I, King of Parthia passed the succession of Parthia to his brother Mithradates I, for whom he cherished a special affection, although he had several sons, presumably of age, 0171 B.C.¹ Mithradates I Philhellene, King of Parthia succeeded his brother Phraates I 0171 BCE.³ King of Parthia at Khorasan, Iran, 0171-0138 B.C..^6,1,4 He established Parthia as an ancient world power 0171-0138 B.C..¹ He may have campaigned into Tapuria and Traxiana shortly after succeeding to the throne 0175 B.C..¹ He was born 0195 B.C..¹ He was the son of Phriapatius, King of Parthia.¹ Mithradates I Philhellene, King of Parthia was the father of Sinatrukes, King of Parthia; may have been a son of Mithradates I.⁷ Mithradat.es (mtrdt) Parthian king (171-138 B.C.) [< Turco-Pers. Mitra-dat "born of Mithra, son of Mithra"].⁸ The Old Persian name Mithradates means "given by Mithra" (much as Herodotos means "given by Hera" for the Greeks).⁹ Also called King Arsaces VI of Parthia Mithradates I = Arsaces VI (Arsaces = "king" ?).³ "Philhellene" is Greek for "Greek Loving" so named for trying to conciliate his Greek subjects.^2,4

     Attalos II Philadelphus, King of Pergamum died 0138 B.C..^2,3 He sent troops to Corinth 0146 B.C. At Peloponnesus.⁴ He sent troops against Andriscus 0148 B.C..⁴ He supported Nicomedes II of Bythinia against the enemy he'd just defeated with Roman help, Prusias II 0149 B.C..³ He was a witness where Alexander Balas, King of Syria aided by the Romans, and King Attalus II of Pergamum, in usurping Demetrius I to become King of Syria 0150 B.C.² Attalos II Philadelphus, King of Pergamum conspired with the Romans to aid the pretender Alexander Balas in overthrowing the Seleucid king Demetrius I 0153-0150 B.C..^2,3 He restored Ariarthes V to Cappadocia.³ He held his own, with Roman help, in his struggle against Prusias II, the aggressive king of Bithynia in northern Anatolia, 0156-0154 B.C..² He married Stratonike of Cappadocia, daughter of Ariarathes IV Eusebes Philopator, King of Cappadocia; Her 2nd (widow).³ Attalos II Philadelphus, King of Pergamum married his brother's widow and adopted their son, his nephew, Attalus III.³ King of Pergamum at Mysia, northwest Anatolia, Asia Minor, 0159-0138 B.C..^2,3 He commanded the Pergamene forces that were fighting beside the Romans in the campaign in Greece 0171 B.C..² He commanded the Pergamene forces that were fighting beside the Romans in the campaign in Galatia 0189 B.C..² He served faithfully under his brother Eumenes II as loyal general against Antiochus III the Great, the Galatians, Prusias of Bythinia, and Pharnaces I of Pontus 0197-0167 B.C..³ He was the son of Attalos I Soter, King of Pergamum.¹ Attalos II Philadelphus, King of Pergamum was born 0220 B.C..^2,3 He founded Philadelphia in Lydia, and Attaleia (Antalya) in Pamphylia.⁴ He was the second son of King Attalus I Soter and brother of Eumenes II whom he succeeded.^2,3 Attalos II Philadelphus, King of Pergamum also went by the name of Attalus II "Brotherly".²

     Jonathan Apphus, High Priest of Judaea was buried in Modin. "Then sent Simon, and took the bones of Jonathan his brother, and buried them in Modin, the city of his fathers."² He died 0142 B.C. At Bascama. Yet was not all this sufficient for his security; for the tyrant Trypho, who was guardian to Antiochus's son, laid a plot against him; and besides that, endeavored to take off his friends, and caught Jonathan by a wile, as he was going to Ptolemais to Antiochus, with a few persons in his company, and put him in bonds, and then made an expedition against the Jews; but when he was afterward driven away by Simon, who was Jonathan's brother, and was enraged at his defeat, he put Jonathan to death.^3,4 He was the predecessor of Simon Thassi, High Priest of Judaea; High Priest.^1,5 Jonathan Apphus, High Priest of Judaea was elected by King Alexander Balas, also known as Alexander Epiphanes, as high priest 0153-0152 B.C. At Jerusalem, Judaea.⁶ Modin; "Then Jonathan and Simon took Judas their brother, and buried him in the sepulchre of his fathers in Modin."⁷ Jonathan Apphus, High Priest of Judaea was not only able to re-enter and fortify Jerusalem, but was also recognized as high-priest of the Jews by the Syrian Crown, and as an ally by Rome and Sparta.⁸ High Priest at Judea, Palestine, 0160-0142 B.C..^1,5 He was the predecessor of Judah Maccabee the Hasmonean; High Priest.¹ Jonathan Apphus, High Priest of Judaea was the son of Mattathias ben Johanan, High Priest of Judaea.¹ Also called Jonathan, whose surname was Apphus.⁹ Jonathan Apphus, High Priest of Judaea succeeded his brother Judas, and behaved himself with great circumspection in other respects, with relation to his own people; and he corroborated his authority by preserving his friendship with the Romans, and he also made a league with Antiochus (V) the son.³

     Ptolemy VII Neos Philopator, King of Egypt died 0144 B.C.. Killed in the wedding feast of his mother and her second husband, his uncle. His uncle, Ptolemy VIII Euergetes II, wished the throne, and had the support.^3,2 King of Egypt 0145 B.C..^2,4 He was born 0175 B.C.. He was the son of Ptolemy VI Philometor, King of Egypt and Cleopatra II "the Sister", Queen of Egypt.^1,2 Ptolemy VII Neos Philopator, King of Egypt also went by the name of Ptolemy "the Young Father-loving".²

     Ptolemy VI Philometor, King of Egypt was a witness where Demetrius II Nicator, King of Syria assisted by Ptolemy VI of Egypt in resecuring his throne from Alexander Balas, and marrying the latter's widow, the former's daughter, Cleopatra Thea, 0145 B.C.^3,4 Ptolemy VI Philometor, King of Egypt died 0145 B.C. At Syria. He was mortally wounded in battle in Syria, where he had gone in support of his daughter, Cleopatra Thea, who was married to the dissolute Alexander Balas.^1,5 He ruled on his own, with his wife, 0163-0145 B.C..⁶ He returned to the throne 0163 B.C. At before May 29.⁶ He was expulsed 0164 B.C. At October.⁶ He restored by Rome as joint ruler with Ptolemy VIII, his brother, 0169-0164 B.C..⁶ He deposed by the invasion of Antiochus IV of Syria, his uncle, 0169-0168 B.C..⁶ He shared his throne with Cleopatra II, his wife, and Euergetes II, his brother and son-in-law, 0170 B.C. At October 5.⁶ He was the predecessor of Ptolemy VIII Euergetes II Tryphon, King of Egypt; King of Egypt.⁷ Ptolemy VI Philometor, King of Egypt was a witness where Antiochus IV Epiphanes, King of Syria fought the 6th Syrian War, invading Egypt, and deposing his nephew, Ptolemy VI, 0170-0168 B.C.⁸ Ptolemy VI Philometor, King of Egypt married Cleopatra II "the Sister", Queen of Egypt, daughter of Ptolemy V Epiphanes, King of Egypt and Cleopatra I Syra, Queen of Egypt, 0176 B.C., 8 April - 14 Octob; Siblings.^1,6,2 Ptolemy VI Philometor, King of Egypt ruled on his own 0176-0170 B.C..⁶ King of Egypt 0180-0145 B.C.. He ruled under the regency of Cleopatra I, his mother, 0180-0176 B.C..⁶ He was a witness where Cleopatra I Syra, Queen of Egypt regent of Egypt 0180-0176 B.C.⁹ Ptolemy VI Philometor, King of Egypt was born 0190 B.C.. He was the son of Ptolemy V Epiphanes, King of Egypt and Cleopatra I Syra, Queen of Egypt.^1,2 "Philometor" is Greek for "Loving his Mother." Ptolemy VI Philometor, King of Egypt also went by the name of Ptolemy "the Mother-loving" "Philometor" is Greek for "Loving his Mother."²

     Alexander Balas, King of Syria died 0145 B.C.. He was removed from power and subsequently beheaded by his own soldiers.^2,3 He married Cleopatra Thea Eueteria, Queen of Syria, daughter of Ptolemy VI Philometor, King of Egypt and Cleopatra II "the Sister", Queen of Egypt, 0149 B.C. At circa; Her 1st.^2,4,3,5 Alexander Balas, King of Syria witnessed the death of Demetrius I Soter, King of Syria 0150 B.C; Killed in battle against Alexander Balas, a usurper from Smyrna, claiming to be the son of Antiochus IV Epiphanes, and backed by Rome and Syrias enemies.^6,7 Alexander Balas, King of Syria was aided by the Romans, and King Attalus II of Pergamum, in usurping Demetrius I to become King of Syria 0150 B.C..⁸ King of Syria 0150-0145 B.C..⁴ He was a witness where Attalos II Philadelphus, King of Pergamum conspired with the Romans to aid the pretender Alexander Balas in overthrowing the Seleucid king Demetrius I 0153-0150 B.C.^8,9 Alexander Balas, King of Syria was the son of Antiochus IV Epiphanes, King of Syria.¹ Alexander Balas, King of Syria was born 0185 B.C. At circa, Smyrna. This Alexander Bala, who certainly pretended to be the son of Antiochus Epiphanes, and was owned for such by the Jews and Romans, and many others, and yet is by several historians deemed to be a counterfeit, and of no family at all, is, however, by Josephus believed to have been the real son of that Antiochus, and by him always spoken of accordingly. And truly, since the original contemporary and authentic author of the First Book of Maccabees 10:1 calls him by his father’s name, Epiphanes, and says he was the son of Antiochus, I suppose the other writers, who are all much later, are not to be followed against such evidence, though perhaps Epiphanes might have him by a woman of no family. The king of Egypt also, Philometor, soon gave him his daughter in marriage, which he would hardly have done, had he believed him to be a counterfeit, and of so very mean a birth as the later historians pretend.¹

     Consul Sextus Julius Caesar was the son of proconsul of Sicily Sextus Julius Caesar. Consul Sextus Julius Caesar died 0147 B.C., after.¹ Consul (with Lucius Aurelius Orestes) 0157 B.C..¹ He was Roman Ambassador with Sempronius Bloesus for restoring liberty to the people of Abdera 0170 B.C..

     Masinissa, King of Numidia died 0148 B.C..^1,2 He retained the support of Rome as he tried to turn the Numidian pastoralists into peasant farmers 0202-0148 B.C..³ He seized much Carthaginian territory and probably hoped to rule all of North Africa 0202-0148 B.C..³ King of Massyli and Massaesyli at North Africa 0205-0148 B.C..^4,2 He was initially an ally of Carthage during the Second Punic War but he went over to the Roman side 0206 B.C..³ He given further territory extending as far as the Mulucha (Moulouya) River 0206 B.C..³ He was born 0240 B.C., circa.² He was the son of Gaia, King of Massyli. Masinissa, King of Numidia inherited rule of Massyli from his father. He annexed the eastern half of Masaelyi, and his territory becomes known as Numidia.

     Mithradates IV, King of Pontus died 0150 B.C..² King of Pontus at northeastern Anatolia, Asia Minor, 0170-0150 B.C..² He was born 0215 B.C..

     Demetrius I Soter, King of Syria died 0150 B.C.. Killed in battle against Alexander Balas, a usurper from Smyrna, claiming to be the son of Antiochus IV Epiphanes, and backed by Rome and Syrias enemies.^1,2 He fought against the Maccabees who had occupied Jerusalem 0155 B.C..^1,3 He "delivered Babylon from tyranny" 0160 B.C..¹ He married Laodice, daughter of Seleucus IV Philopator, King of Syria and Laodice IV, 0161/0 B.C; Her 2nd. Siblings.⁴ King of Syria 0162-0150 B.C..⁵ Demetrius I Soter, King of Syria escaped captivity and overthrew his cousin, Antiochus V Eupator, 0163 B.C..^1,2 He was born 0186 B.C..¹ He was the son of Seleucus IV Philopator, King of Syria and Laodice IV.^1,2 Demetrius I Soter, King of Syria lived as a hostage 0186-0163 B.C. At Rome.¹ Demetrius I Soter, King of Syria also went by the name of Demetrius "the Saviour". He was named Soter (Greek, "Savior") because he liberated the Babylonians from the Median satrap Timarchus.² Sources: 1. Stuart, R.W. 'Royalty for Commoners', line 414. ; 2. Bryan, K. 'Davidic Descents to the House of Plantagenet' Augustan, Vol. XXV, 16-23. ; 3. Green, P. 'Alexander to Actium' pp.735.

     Laodice died 0150/0149 B.C.. She was murdered along with her son Antigonos, by Ammonios when Alexander I Balas swept to power.¹ She married Demetrius I Soter, King of Syria, son of Seleucus IV Philopator, King of Syria and Laodice IV, 0161/0 B.C; Her 2nd. Siblings.¹ Laodice married Perseus, King of Macedonia, son of Philip V, King of Macedonia, 0178/7 B.C; Her 1st.¹ Laodice was the daughter of Seleucus IV Philopator, King of Syria and Laodice IV.¹

     Ard-rí na h'Éireann Duí Dalta Dedaid mac Cairpre Uí Éber was the son of Cairpre Lusc Lethet mac Lugaid Uí Éber.² Ard-rí na h'Éireann Duí Dalta Dedaid mac Cairpre Uí Éber died 0158 B.C..¹ He was the last of thirty-three Monarchs of the line of Heber that ruled the Kingdom (one more would come, thirty-one generations later in Brian Boriomhe).³ He pulled out his younger brother Deadha's eyes (hence the epithet Dalladh "blindess" applied to Deadha) for daring to come between him and the throne.³ 91st Monarch of Ireland 0168-0158 B.C..³ Also called Duach Dalladh Deadha.³

     Eumenes II Soter, King of Pergamum died 0158 B.C..⁴ After the Romans defeated Macedonia, with Pergamum help, there was little use of a strong kingdom. The Romans actively snubbed Eumenes II, encouraged his old enemy Prusias, declared the rebellious Galatians free, and courted his brother Attalus.² He married Stratonike of Cappadocia, daughter of Ariarathes IV Eusebes Philopator, King of Cappadocia; Her 1st.^1,5 Rome and Pergamene allies battle against Perseus, King of the Macedonians. 0171-0168 B.C. At the Third Macedonian War.⁶ Eumenes II Soter, King of Pergamum was a witness where Perseus, King of Macedonia fought against Rome and her Pergamene allies 0171-0168 B.C. At the Third Macedonian War.⁶ Eumenes II Soter, King of Pergamum provided assistance to the Romans in their struggle against Perseus, King of Macedonia 0171-0168 B.C. At the Third Macedonian War.⁶ He was a witness where Perseus, King of Macedonia denounced in Rome by the Pergamum King, Eumenes II, for allegedly plotting aggressions in the East 0172 B.C.⁶ Eumenes II Soter, King of Pergamum visited Rome to denounce Persues, king of Macedonia, for allegedly plotting aggressions in the East 0172 B.C..⁶ He was a witness where Pharnaces I, King of Pontus fought a war with Eumenes II of Pergamum 0183-0179 B.C.² Eumenes II Soter, King of Pergamum fought a war with Pharnaces I of Pontus 0183-0179 B.C..² He won a major victory against the Galatians, for which the grateful Greeks called him Soter 0184 B.C..² He fought a war with Prusias I of Bithynia 0187-0183 B.C..² He was a witness where Antiochus III Megas, King of Syria defeated by the Romans and their Pergamum allies 0189 B.C. At the Battle of Magnesia, Manisa, Lydia, Asia Minor.^7,8,9 Eumenes II Soter, King of Pergamum was a major Roman ally against the Seluecids 0189 B.C..² Romans and Pergamenes defeat the Seleucids. 0190 B.C. At Autumn, the Battle of Magnesia, Lydia, Asia Minor.⁶ He contributed his great military skill to the victory of Roman and Pergamene forces over the Seleucid king Antiochus III 0190 B.C. At Autumn, the Battle of Magnesia, Lydia, Asia Minor.⁶ King of Pergamum at Mysia, northwest Anatolia, Asia Minor, 0197-0158 BCE.^1,10,2 He was the son of Attalos I Soter, King of Pergamum and Apollonis (?).^3,2 Eumenes II Soter, King of Pergamum was born 0221 B.C. At or earlier.¹¹ He was the eldest son and successor of Attalus I Soter.^12,2 He was related to Attalos II Philadelphus, King of Pergamum; the second son of King Attalus I Soter and brother of Eumenes II whom he succeeded.^10,13

     Artaxias I "the Conqueror", King of Armenia died 0159 B.C..² He pursued an expansionist policy and took Media Artopatene (modern Azerbaijan) and more besides 0186-0159 B.C.. The result of his conquests was a cultural and liguistic consolidation of the Armenian people.² He concluded a successful peace treaty, at Apamea with the Romans, in which the kings of Armenia would be given the status of independent rulers 0188 B.C..² He established himself, with Roman consent, as king of Greater Armenia 0189 B.C..³ King of Greater Armenia 0189-0164/0159 B.C..^4,1 He constructed a new capital, called Artashat (Artaxata), at the entrance to the plainlands of the River Araxes, at a point where the watercourse forms a near peninsula, 0190 B.C. At near present Yerevan, Armenia.⁵ He was founder of the third and greatest Armenian monarchy 0190 B.C..² He was one of the satraps in Armenia of the Seleucid King Antiochus III.⁴ He flourished 0200-0100 B.C. At second century BC.⁴ Strategos of Armenia at Seleucid Empire 0200-0190 B.C..⁵ He was the successor of Orontes IV, King of Armenia; King of Armenia.^5,6 Artaxias I "the Conqueror", King of Armenia was born 0230 B.C. At circa. He was the son of Arshak of Armenia.¹ Also called King Artashes of Armenia.⁷ Artaxias I "the Conqueror", King of Armenia gave his sister Artasham "as wife to a certain Mithridates, great bdeashkh of Georgia, who was from the seed of Mithridates, satrap of Darius, whom Alexander had set over the prisoners from Iberia... And he entrusted him with the government of the northern mountains and the Pontic Sea".⁸ Artaxias I "the Conqueror", King of Armenia also went by the name of Artashes I "the Good" of Armenia.⁷ He was grandson of Valarshak and son of Arshak.⁹

     Sayurmak I, King of K'art'li was the son of P'arnawaz I, King of Kartli-Iberia and Durtska the Kovkan.^2,3 Sayurmak I, King of K'art'li died 0159 B.C.. He was the predecessor of Mruan I, King of K'art'li; 3rd King of Kartli.^4,5 2nd King of Kartli at Transcaucasia 0234-0159 BCE.^1,6 Sayurmak I, King of K'art'li was the successor of P'arnawaz I, King of Kartli-Iberia; 1st King of Kartli.^2,7 Sayurmak I, King of K'art'li was the cousin of Mruan I, King of K'art'li; Saurmag of Iberia's mother's sister's son.¹ Sayurmak I, King of K'art'li witnessed the marriage of Mruan I, King of K'art'li and Princess of K'art'li; Given by her father in marriage to "his Iranian wife's cousin (mother's sister's son)." 1st cousins, 1x removed.^8,2 Sayurmak I, King of K'art'li had two daughters born to him; one he gave to his Iranian wife's cousin (mother's sister's son) Mruan and called him his son; the other [daughter] he gave to K'ajis' son who was his father's sister's son.¹ Also called Sauromaces I of Kartli.¹ He married the daughter of the prince of Partaw, of Iranian nationality.¹ He had four idols fashioned, Ardzinina and Danana on the Mts'xet'a road.¹ He married Princess of Partaw, daughter of Prince of Partaw.² Sayurmak I, King of K'art'li witnessed the marriage of Prince K'ujisuni and Princess of K'art'li; 1st cousins, 1x removed.²

     Judah Maccabee the Hasmonean was buried in Modin. "Then Jonathan and Simon took Judas their brother, and buried him in the sepulchre of his fathers in Modin."³ He died 0160 B.C.. After king Antiochus departed, Judas was not idle; for as many of his own nation came to him, so did he gather those that had escaped out of the battle together, and gave battle again to Antiochus's generals at a village called Adasa; and being too hard for his enemies in the battle, and killing a great number of them, he was at last himself slain also.^1,4 He was the predecessor of Jonathan Apphus, High Priest of Judaea; High Priest.^1,5 Judah Maccabee the Hasmonean was the successor of Mattathias ben Johanan, High Priest of Judaea; High Priest.¹ Judah Maccabee the Hasmonean won several victories against the Syrians, re-entered Jerusalem, saw the Temple cleansed and Divine worship renewed 0165 B.C., December.⁶ High Priest at Judea, Palestine, 0165-0160 B.C..¹ He was the hero of the Jewish wars of independence 0168-0164 BCE.² He was the son of Mattathias ben Johanan, High Priest of Judaea.^1,2 Judah Maccabee the Hasmonean witnessed the will of Mattathias ben Johanan, High Priest of Judaea; When he died he left the government of Judaea to Judas, his eldest son.⁴ Also called Judas.⁴ Also called Judas Machabeus.⁶ Also called Judas, who was called Maccabeus.⁷ Kia. Judah Maccabee the Hasmonean was the eldest son of Matthias, the son of Asamoneus.^4,6

     Perseus, King of Macedonia was the last king of Macedonia, whose attempts to dominate Greece brought on the final defeat of Macedonia by the Romans, leading to annexation of the region.² He died 0165 B.C. At circa, Alba Fucens, near Rome, Italy.² Rome and Pergamene allies battle against Perseus, King of the Macedonians. 0171-0168 B.C. At the Third Macedonian War.³ He fought against Rome and her Pergamene allies 0171-0168 B.C. At the Third Macedonian War.³ He was a witness where Eumenes II Soter, King of Pergamum provided assistance to the Romans in their struggle against Perseus, King of Macedonia 0171-0168 B.C. At the Third Macedonian War.³ Perseus, King of Macedonia was denounced in Rome by the Pergamum King, Eumenes II, for allegedly plotting aggressions in the East 0172 B.C..³ He was a witness where Eumenes II Soter, King of Pergamum visited Rome to denounce Persues, king of Macedonia, for allegedly plotting aggressions in the East 0172 B.C.³ Perseus, King of Macedonia married Laodice, daughter of Seleucus IV Philopator, King of Syria and Laodice IV, 0178/7 B.C; Her 1st.⁴ King of Macedonia at the Balkan Peninsula 0179-0168 B.C..^1,2 Perseus, King of Macedonia was born 0212 B.C. At circa.² He was the son of Philip V, King of Macedonia.¹

     Mattathias ben Johanan, High Priest of Judaea was buried in Modin. "And he died in the hundred forty and sixth year, and his sons buried him in the sepulchres of his fathers at Modin, and all Israel made great lamentation for him."³ He died 0165 B.C..¹ He came to the government of Judaea by his success against the Seleucid, Antiochus IV Epiphanes, and became the prince of his own people by their own free consent 0165 B.C..⁴ High Priest at Judea, Palestine, 0165 B.C..¹ He was the successor of Judah Maccabee the Hasmonean; High Priest.¹ Mattathias ben Johanan, High Priest of Judaea died 0166 BCE, 15 Marheshvan.⁵ He was a witness where Antiochus IV Epiphanes, King of Syria occupied with the Jewish Revolt 0167-0165 B.C.^6,4 Mattathias ben Johanan, High Priest of Judaea was the son of Johanan ben Simeon.² Mattathias ben Johanan, High Priest of Judaea left a will; When he died he left the government of Judaea to Judas, his eldest son.⁴ The title "Hasmonean" is derived from the great grandfather of Mattathias, according to Josephus (Antiquities 16:7:1) but it has been argued that it may designate "princes" or "dignitaries," implying that the men of this line were "princes of Israel." Cf. S. Tedesche and S. Zeitlin, The First Book of Maccabees, Appendix A, pp. 247-250.⁷ He was he was followed by so many of the people, that he was encouraged to come down from the mountains, and to give battle to Antiochus's generals, and beat them, and drove them out of Judea.⁴ He was the son of Asamoneus.⁴ He was son of John, grandson of Simeon, a priest of the sons of Joarib, from Jerusalem.² Also called Matityahu ben Yohanan.⁵ He armed himself, together with his own family, which had five sons of his in it, and slew Bacchides (a governor appointed by Antiochus Epiphanes) with daggers; and thereupon, out of the fear of the many garrisons [of the enemy], he fled to the mountains at Palestine.⁴ He was a priest of the sons of Joarib, from Jerusalem, who dwelt in Modin.^4,2 He was related to Judah Maccabee the Hasmonean; the eldest son of Matthias, the son of Asamoneus.^4,8

     Pharnaces I, King of Pontus died 0170 B.C..² He married Nysa, daughter of Antiochus IV Epiphanes, King of Syria and Laodice III Seleucid, 0181 B.C.¹ Pharnaces I, King of Pontus captured the city of Sinop, the last independent city which existed within the precincts of his domain, 0183 B.C..³ He fought a war with Eumenes II of Pergamum 0183-0179 B.C..⁴ He was a witness where Eumenes II Soter, King of Pergamum fought a war with Pharnaces I of Pontus 0183-0179 B.C.⁴ King of Pontus at northeastern Anatolia, Asia Minor, 0190-0170 B.C..² Pharnaces I, King of Pontus was born 0225 B.C.. He was the son of Mithradates II, King of Pontus and Laodice II, Princess of Syria.¹ Sources: 1. Stuart, R.W. 'Royalty for Commoners', line 411. ; 2. Green, P. 'Alexander to Actium' pp.734.

     Phraates I, King of Parthia died 0171 B.C..¹ He passed the succession of Parthia to his brother Mithradates I, for whom he cherished a special affection, although he had several sons, presumably of age, 0171 B.C..¹ He overturned tribal tradition, which reserved the succession to the throne to the eldest son, and designated as a successor--even though he had several sons--his brother Mithradates 0171 B.C..² He on his accession he turned his arms against the Mardi, who lived in the Elburz mountains south of the Caspian Sea. The Mardians in particular he deported and settled in Charax near the Caspian Gates 0172 B.C..¹ He attacked Media and was successful in the conquest of the Mardi tribe near the Caspian and set up a defense of the "Caspian Gates," an important strategic point of penetration into Parthian possessions 0172 B.C..² He inherited the throne at his father's death, as was the Parthian custom, 0176 B.C..¹ King of Parthia at Khorasan, Iran, 0176-0171 B.C..^1,2 He was the son of Phriapatius, King of Parthia.¹ Phraates I, King of Parthia was born 0200 B.C..¹ Phraat.es (prdh or prdty): Ferhat "joy, cheerfulness"; or: Böri-at "wolflike horse."³ He was the son of Priapatius.²

     Seleucus IV Philopator, King of Syria died 0175 B.C.. He was assassinated by his chief minister Heliodorus, and his brother Antiochus seized the throne.² He married Laodice IV, daughter of Philip V, King of Macedonia and Polycrateia of Argos, 0187 B.C.¹ King of Syria 0187-0175 B.C.. Seleucus IV Philopator, King of Syria was left helpless by the defeat of his father, Antiochus III, 0189 B.C..¹ He was the son of Antiochus III Megas, King of Syria and Laodice III Arshâmid.^2,1 Seleucus IV Philopator, King of Syria was born 0217 B.C..³ Seleucus IV Philopator, King of Syria also went by the name of Seleucus "the Father-loving" "Philipater" is Greek for "Father-loving." Sources: 1. Stuart, R.W. 'Royalty for Commoners', line 414. ; 2. Bryan, K. 'Davidic Descents to the House of Plantagenet' Augustan, Vol. XXV, 16-23. ; 3. Green, P. 'Alexander to Actium' pp.734.

     Cleopatra I Syra, Queen of Egypt died 0176 B.C. At between April 8 and October 14.^1,2,3,4 She was a witness where Ptolemy VI Philometor, King of Egypt ruled under the regency of Cleopatra I, his mother, 0180-0176 B.C.² Cleopatra I Syra, Queen of Egypt ruled equitably, keeping peace with Syria while doing nothing to alienate Rome, and thereby kept Egypt free of invasion 0180-0176 B.C..⁴ She was regent of Egypt 0180-0176 B.C..⁴ She married Ptolemy V Epiphanes, King of Egypt, son of Ptolemy IV Philopator, King of Egypt and Arsinoë III Philopator, 0193 B.C.⁴ Cleopatra I Syra, Queen of Egypt was married to Ptolemy V as part of the Peace of Lysimacheia, concluding warfare and border conflicts between Syria and Egypt 0193 B.C..⁴ Queen of Egypt 0196-0176 B.C.. She was born 0210 B.C.. She was the daughter of Antiochus III Megas, King of Syria and Laodice III Arshâmid.¹ Cleopatra I Syra, Queen of Egypt was the daughter of Antiochus III the Great of the Syrian Empire.⁴

     Phriapatius, King of Parthia died 0176 B.C..² He succeeded Artabanus I (aka Arsaces II) in Parthia 0191 B.C..³ King of Parthia at Khorasan, Iran, 0191-0176 B.C..^2,4,3 He was the son of Prince of Parthia.¹ Phriapatius, King of Parthia was born 0215 B.C..² He was the ancestor of Nerses "the Great", Katholikos of Armenia; of, well founded, Arsacid descent through his mother and/or grandmother, and from there, virtually certain of a descent from king Phriapites of Parthia in the early second century BC.⁵ Priapat.ius (prypt) Parthian king (191-176 B.C.) [< Tr. Böri-batu "wolf-hero," with Tr. böri "wolf," and batu/batur "hero" (DLT)].⁶ Phriapatius, King of Parthia was the grandson of Tiridates (who was the brother of Arsaces I, the first Parthian King).¹ Sources: 2. Yarshater, E. 'The Cambridge History of Iran' Vol. 3(2), 'The Seleucid, Parthian and Sassanian Periods' pp.688. Also called Priapatius.³ He was the father of Phraates I, King of Parthia; the son of Priapatius.³

     Philip V, King of Macedonia died 0179 BC.² He was defeated by Rome in revenge for having sided with the Carthagians 0197 B.C. At Cynoscephalae.³ He fought the 2nd Macedonian War (of Rome) 0200-0196 B.C..³ He was witness to Carthage's defeat by Rome 0202 B.C..³ He made peace with Rome when Carthage's fortunes turned 0205 B.C..³ He married Polycrateia of Argos 0208 B.C. Philip V, King of Macedonia fought the 1st Macedonian War (of Rome) 0214-0205 B.C..³ He made an alliance with Hannibal of Carthage, when Carthage attacked Rome 0216 B.C..³ He became king, succeeding his 1st cousin, 1x removed, Antigonus III, 0221 B.C.. King of Macedonia at the Balkan Peninsula 0221-0179 B.C..⁴ He was the son of Demetrius II Aetolicus, King of Macedonia and Chryseis-Phthia, Princess of Epirus.² Philip V, King of Macedonia was born 0238 B.C.. Sources: 1. Stuart, R.W. 'Royalty for Commoners', line 414. ; 2. Green, P. 'Alexander to Actium' pp.733.

     Ptolemy V Epiphanes, King of Egypt died 0180 B.C. At between February 20 and October 6. He died while putting down the last of the insurgents in the Delta. There were rumors that he had been poisoned by a member of his court.^3,2 He was a witness where Cleopatra I Syra, Queen of Egypt regent of Egypt 0180-0176 B.C.⁴ Ptolemy V Epiphanes, King of Egypt married Cleopatra I Syra, Queen of Egypt, daughter of Antiochus III Megas, King of Syria and Laodice III Arshâmid, 0193 B.C.⁴ Ptolemy V Epiphanes, King of Egypt witnessed the Rosetta Stone inscribed with his betrothal to Cleopatra I of Syria 0196 B.C. At March 27.³ He was crowned in a traditional Egyptian ceremony 0197 B.C. At after November 26, Memphis, northern Nile River valley, Egypt.² He was given the Macedonian ceremony of coming-of-age, the "Anakleiteria of Epiphanes," 0197 B.C. At November 26, Alexandria, Egypt.^3,2 He was a witness where Antiochus III Megas, King of Syria warred successfully against Ptolemy V Epiphanes 0203-0200 B.C.^1,5 Ptolemy V Epiphanes, King of Egypt lost Palestine to Antiochus III of Syria in the 5th Syrian War 0203-0200 B.C..¹ King of Egypt 0204-0180 B.C.. He faced the revolt and independence of Upper Egypt 0206-0185 B.C.. He became King of Egypt, as coregent with his father, 0210 B.C. At November 30. He was born 0210 B.C. At October 9.^1,3,2 He was the son of Ptolemy IV Philopator, King of Egypt and Arsinoë III Philopator.^1,2 Ptolemy V Epiphanes, King of Egypt also went by the name of Ptolemy "Made Manifest".² Sources: 1. Stuart, R.W. 'Royalty for Commoners', line 413. ; 2. Bryan, K. 'Davidic Descents to the House of Plantagenet' Augustan, Vol. XXV, 16-23. ; 3. Green, P. 'Alexander to Actium' pp.736.

     Ard-rí na h'Éireann Lugaid Luaigne mac Fintait Uí Éber was the son of Ard-rí na h'Éireann Fintait Mór mac Nia Uí Éber.² Ard-rí na h'Éireann Lugaid Luaigne mac Fintait Uí Éber died 0183 B.C..¹ 89th Monarch of Ireland 0198-0183 B.C..³ Also called Lughaidh Luaighne.³

     Antiochus III Megas, King of Syria died 0187 B.C. At Elymais, near Susa, Iran. He was murdered in a Baal temple near Susa, where he was exacting tribute in order to obtain much needed revenue.⁴ He was defeated by the Romans and their Pergamum allies 0189 B.C. At the Battle of Magnesia, Manisa, Lydia, Asia Minor.^2,5,3 Romans and Pergamenes defeat the Seleucids. 0190 B.C. At Autumn, the Battle of Magnesia, Lydia, Asia Minor.⁶ He was a witness where Eumenes II Soter, King of Pergamum contributed his great military skill to the victory of Roman and Pergamene forces over the Seleucid king Antiochus III 0190 B.C. At Autumn, the Battle of Magnesia, Lydia, Asia Minor.⁶ Antiochus III Megas, King of Syria was defeated in battle by the Romans 0191 B.C. At Thermopylae.³ He obtained possession of all of Palestine and Lebanon 0198 B.C..³ He was a witness where Attalos I Soter, King of Pergamum became master of northwestern Asia Minor through his victories over the Gauls and the Seleucid King Antiochus III, the Great, and allying himself with the power of Rome.⁷ Antiochus III Megas, King of Syria warred successfully against Ptolemy V Epiphanes 0203-0200 B.C..^8,3 He was a witness where Ptolemy V Epiphanes, King of Egypt lost Palestine to Antiochus III of Syria in the 5th Syrian War 0203-0200 B.C.⁸ Antiochus III Megas, King of Syria moved forward to Tagae (Tak?) near Damghan, then defeated Arsaces II at Mount Labus (Lamavu), and entered Hyrcania where he occupied Tambrax 0208 B.C..⁹ He took Hecatompylos, the Arsacid capital (the present location of which is uncertain), and Syrinx in Hyrcania, from Arsaces II 0209 B.C..¹⁰ He moved his army eastward toward Hecatompylos almost unopposed 0209 B.C..⁹ He successfully invaded, and made vassal states of Parthia, Media, and Bactria, 0210-0205 B.C..^2,3 He advanced to Ecbatana in Parthia where he replenished his treasury by looting the temple of Anahita 0211 B.C..⁹ He gave his sister Antiochis in marriage to King Xerxes of Armenia, who acknowledged his suzerainty and paid him tribute 0212 B.C..⁴ He was a witness where Ptolemy IV Philopator, King of Egypt won a decisive victory over the Syrians at Rafah/Raphia 0212 B.C.^11,12 Antiochus III Megas, King of Syria was a witness where Arsames, King of Armenia acknowledged the suzerainty of Antiochus III of Syria and paid him tribute.⁴ Antiochus III Megas, King of Syria captured the rebel Achaeus in his capital, Sardis, and had him executed in a barbaric manner 0213 B.C..⁴ He captured Armenia 0215 B.C..² He defeated the Egyptians under Ptolemy IV Philopator in the 4th Syrian War 0219-0217 B.C.. He was a witness where Ptolemy IV Philopator, King of Egypt defeated by Antiochus III of Syria in the 4th Syrian War 0219-0217 B.C.¹¹ Antiochus III Megas, King of Syria suppressed revolts in Media and Persia 0220 B.C..² He succeeded his brother, Seleucus III, 0223 B.C..^3,13 He murdered Seleucus III Soter, King of Syria 0223 B.C. At Phrygia; He was assassinated.¹³ King of Syria at Middle East 0223-0187 B.C..⁵ Antiochus III Megas, King of Syria married Laodice III Arshâmid, daughter of Mithradates II, King of Pontus and Laodice II, Princess of Syria, 0224 B.C; 1st cousins. "Queen and sister" of Antiochus.² Antiochus III Megas, King of Syria was born 0242 B.C. At possibly Antioch, Syria.^3,14 He was the son of Seleucus II Callinicus, King of Syria and Laodice II.^2,3 Antiochus III Megas, King of Syria also went by the name of Antiochus III "the Great". Sources: 1. Stuart, R.W. 'Royalty for Commoners', line 414. ; 2. Bryan, K. 'Davidic Descents to the House of Plantagenet' Augustan, Vol. XXV, 16-23. ; 3. Green, P. 'Alexander to Actium' pp.734. He was the father of Cleopatra I Syra, Queen of Egypt; the daughter of Antiochus III the Great of the Syrian Empire.¹⁵

     Antiochus IV Epiphanes, King of Syria died 0163 B.C. At Tabae (or Gabae, probably present Esfahan). Killed in battle against the Parthian King, Mithridates I.^1,2 He was a witness where Mattathias ben Johanan, High Priest of Judaea came to the government of Judaea by his success against the Seleucid, Antiochus IV Epiphanes, and became the prince of his own people by their own free consent 0165 B.C.³ Antiochus IV Epiphanes, King of Syria was occupied with the Jewish Revolt 0167-0165 B.C..^4,3 He was a witness where Ptolemy VI Philometor, King of Egypt deposed by the invasion of Antiochus IV of Syria, his uncle, 0169-0168 B.C.⁵ Antiochus IV Epiphanes, King of Syria fought the 6th Syrian War, invading Egypt, and deposing his nephew, Ptolemy VI, 0170-0168 B.C..⁴ He witnessed the death of Seleucus IV Philopator, King of Syria 0175 B.C; He was assassinated by his chief minister Heliodorus, and his brother Antiochus seized the throne.⁶ King of Syria 0175-0163 B.C.. Antiochus IV Epiphanes, King of Syria died 0187 BC. He married Laodice III Seleucid, daughter of Antiochus III Megas, King of Syria and Laodice III Arshâmid, 0201 B.C; Siblings. Antiochus IV Epiphanes, King of Syria was born 0218 B.C.. He was the son of Antiochus III Megas, King of Syria and Laodice III Arshâmid. Epiphanes means "God made manifest."⁷ Sources: 1. Stuart, R.W. 'Royalty for Commoners', line 411. ; 2. Green, P. 'Alexander to Actium' pp.734.

     Attalos I Soter, King of Pergamum died 0197 B.C..^4,5 He became master of northwestern Asia Minor through his victories over the Gauls and the Seleucid King Antiochus III, the Great, and allying himself with the power of Rome.¹ He was honorary strategos (chief magistrate) of the Aetolian Confederacy, for whom he fought on the Greek side with Rome against Philip V of Macedonia 0200-0197 B.C..^5,6 He was included among Roman friends in the Peace of Phoenice 0205 B.C..⁵ He gained Aegina 0209 B.C..⁵ He lost most of the lands back to the Seleucids 0222 B.C..⁴ He was a witness where Antiochus Hierax Seleucid defeated by Attalus, King of Pergamum, and thereby losing most of the Seleucid domains in Anatolia 0228 B.C.⁴ Attalos I Soter, King of Pergamum defeated the Seleucid king, Antiochus Hierax, in three battles and thereby gained control over all the Seleucid domains in Anatolia except Cilicia 0228 B.C..⁴ Witnessed the city of Pergamum attacked by the Celts (the Galatians) because he had failed to pay them their customary tribute, he crushed them in a stunning defeat, and thereafter took the title of King, the first of the Attalids to do so, and the cult name Soter. 0230 B.C.⁴ He succeeded his cousin, Eumenes I, to the throne of Pergamum 0241 B.C..^7,8 He was the first Pergamene to use the royal title 0241 B.C..⁵ King of Pergamum at Mysia, northwest Anatolia, Asia Minor, 0241-0197 B.C..^1,9,5 He was the successor of Eumenes I, King of Pergamum; King of Pergamum.^1,4 Attalos I Soter, King of Pergamum was the son of Attalos and Antiochis, Princess of Syria.³ Attalos I Soter, King of Pergamum was born 0269 B.C..^4,5 He was related to Eumenes II Soter, King of Pergamum; the eldest son and successor of Attalus I Soter.^10,11 Also called Attalus I "the Preserver".⁴ Attalos I Soter, King of Pergamum was the cousin and adopted son of Eumenes I.⁵ He was a brilliant statesman, bringing his small kingdom to the peak of its power and doing more than any other Attalid monarch to make Pergamum a great centre of Greek culture in the East.¹⁰ He was related to Attalos II Philadelphus, King of Pergamum; the second son of King Attalus I Soter and brother of Eumenes II whom he succeeded.^9,5 Attalos I Soter, King of Pergamum married Apollonis (?).¹¹

     Orontes IV, King of Armenia died 0200 B.C. At circa.² He was the last Orontid King of Armenia.¹ He was the predecessor of Artaxias I "the Conqueror", King of Armenia; Strategos of Armenia.³ Orontes IV, King of Armenia was the successor of Xerxes, King of Armenia; King of Armenia.¹ King of Armenia 0212-0200 B.C..^3,1 Orontes IV, King of Armenia was the son of Arsames, King of Armenia.¹ Orontes IV, King of Armenia was born 0235 B.C..²

     Arsinoë III Philopator died 0204 B.C.. Following the death of her brother/husband, Ptolemy IV, two of his most powerful ministers had her killed.² She married Ptolemy IV Philopator, King of Egypt, son of Ptolemy III Euergetes I, King of Egypt and Berenice II of Cyrene, Queen of Egypt, 0211 B.C; Siblings.¹ Arsinoë III Philopator was the daughter of Ptolemy III Euergetes I, King of Egypt and Berenice II of Cyrene, Queen of Egypt. Arsinoë III Philopator was born 0251 B.C.. She was a witness where Ptolemy IV Philopator, King of Egypt received, along with his sister, a cult following as the Father-loving Gods (Theoi Philopatores).² Arsinoë III Philopator was Sources: 1. Stuart, R.W. 'Royalty for Commoners', line 413. ; 2. Bryan, K. 'Davidic Descents to the House of Plantagenet' Augustan, Vol. XXV, 16-23. ; 3. Green, P. 'Alexander to Actium' pp.736..

     Ptolemy IV Philopator, King of Egypt died 0205 B.C. At after October18, possibly November 28. He was murdered in a palace coup by Sosibius and Agothocles and news of his death was kept secret for several months.^3,2 He married Arsinoë III Philopator, daughter of Ptolemy III Euergetes I, King of Egypt and Berenice II of Cyrene, Queen of Egypt, 0211 B.C; Siblings.¹ Ptolemy IV Philopator, King of Egypt won a decisive victory over the Syrians at Rafah/Raphia 0212 B.C..^1,4 He was a witness where Antiochus III Megas, King of Syria defeated the Egyptians under Ptolemy IV Philopator in the 4th Syrian War 0219-0217 B.C. Ptolemy IV Philopator, King of Egypt defeated by Antiochus III of Syria in the 4th Syrian War 0219-0217 B.C..¹ He succeeded as King of Egypt, on his father's death 0222 B.C. At between October 18 and December 31. King of Egypt 0222-0205/4 B.C.. He was the son of Ptolemy III Euergetes I, King of Egypt and Berenice II of Cyrene, Queen of Egypt.^1,2 Ptolemy IV Philopator, King of Egypt was born 0244 B.C. At circa.² "Philopater" is Greek for "Loving His Father." Ptolemy IV Philopator, King of Egypt also went by the name of Ptolemy IV "the Father-loving".² Sources: 1. Stuart, R.W. 'Royalty for Commoners', line 413. ; 2. Bryan, K. 'Davidic Descents to the House of Plantagenet' Augustan, Vol. XXV, 16-23. ; 3. Green, P. 'Alexander to Actium' pp.736. He received, along with his sister, a cult following as the Father-loving Gods (Theoi Philopatores).⁵

     Ard-rí na h'Éireann Fintait Mór mac Nia Uí Éber was the son of Ard-rí na h'Éireann Nia Segaman mac Amadair Uí Éber.² Ard-rí na h'Éireann Fintait Mór mac Nia Uí Éber died 0209 B.C..¹ 87th Monarch of Ireland 0218-0209 B.C..³ Also called Ionadmaor.³

     Mithradates II, King of Pontus died 0210 B.C. At circa.³ He launched an attack which failed to take the city of Sinop 0220 B.C..⁴ He married Laodice II, Princess of Syria, daughter of Antiochos II Theos, King of Syria and Laodice I Seleucid, 0246 B.C; Cousins.^2,5,6 King of Pontus at northeastern Anatolia, Asia Minor, 0258-0210 B.C..^7,3,5 Mithradates II, King of Pontus was born 0270 B.C.. He was the son of Ariobarzanes I, King of Pontus.² Sources: 2. Green, P. 'Alexander to Actium' pp.734.

     Xerxes, King of Armenia married Antiochis, daughter of Seleucus II Callinicus, King of Syria and Laodice II, 0212 B.C., circa.¹ Xerxes, King of Armenia died 0212 B.C.. He was murdered by his wife, Antiochis.¹ King of Armenia 0212 B.C..¹ He was the predecessor of Orontes IV, King of Armenia; King of Armenia.^2,1 Xerxes, King of Armenia was the successor of Arsames, King of Armenia; King of Armenia.² Xerxes, King of Armenia was the son of Arsames, King of Armenia.¹

     Arsakes I, King of Parthia was buried in Nisa, Parthia. Buried in the city of Nisa which he had founded.² He died 0217-0211 B.C..³ He was a witness where Seleucus II Callinicus, King of Syria failed to recover the territory lost in Parthia to the Arsacid Dynasty 0227 B.C.^4,1 Arsakes I, King of Parthia defeated Seleuces II Callinicus as the latter attempted to reclaim the lost satrapies 0227 B.C..^4,1 He was a witness where Seleucus II Callinicus, King of Syria arrived in the east to put down the rebellion of Arsaces 0232 or 0231 B.C. At Parthia.³ Arsakes I, King of Parthia faced Seleucus, finally arrived in the east to put down the rebellion 0232 or 0231 B.C..³ He invaded and conquered Hyrcania 0245 B.C. At southeast of the Caspian Sea.¹ He revolted against Diodotus and fled westward to establish his own rule 0247 B.C..^4,2 He overthrew Andragoras, the Seleucid governor of Parthia, and was crowned 0247 B.C. At Arshaak, Astauene.¹ He was a witness where Tiridates I, King of Parthia brother (or alias) of King Arsaces I 0247-0211 B.C.⁵ King of Parthia at Khorasan, Iran, 0247-0211 B.C..^1,6 Arsakes I, King of Parthia was a witness where Antiochos II Theos, King of Syria lost Parthia to the Arcasids 0248 B.C.⁷ Arsakes I, King of Parthia was a governor under Diodotus, king of the Bactrian Greeks, 0248 B.C.. He gained Parthia from the Seleucid, Antiochus II 0248 B.C..⁸ King at Parthia, Iran, 0250-0211 BCE.⁹ He was the son of Arsaces of the Parni.¹ Arsakes I, King of Parthia was born 0285 B.C.. Arsak.es (ršk) Parthian king (247 B.C.-?) [< Tr. Er-Saka "hero Scythian"].¹⁰ His success, and that of his men, was based on their strength, their spirit, and the weakness of their enemies.³

     Ard-rí na h'Éireann Rudraige Mór mac Sittride Uí Ír was the son of Sittrid mac Duib Uí Ír.^1,2 Ard-rí na h'Éireann Rudraige Mór mac Sittride Uí Ír died 0218 B.C. At age of the world 4981, Airgeat Gleann.³ 86th Monarch of Ireland 0288-0218 B.C..³ He won many battles throughout Ireland: the battle of Cuirce; the battle of Luachair; seven battles in Cliu; the battle of Gleannamhnach; the battle of Sliabh Mis; the battle of Boirinn; the battle of Ren; the battle of Ai; the battle of Cuil Silinne; the two battles of Fortrasc.³

     Ptolemy III Euergetes I, King of Egypt died 0221 B.C. At February.³ He discovered the main port in the Axumite kingdom, which was very important to the trade of ivory, during the Third Syrian War 0242 B.C..⁴ He was called back to Egypt to put down a revolt 0243 B.C..¹ He became King of Egypt on his father's death 0246 B.C. At January 29. King of Egypt 0246-0222 B.C.. He was a witness where Seleucus II Callinicus, King of Syria unable to prevent Ptolemy III Euregetes of Egypt from invading Syria and Mesopotamia during the 3rd Syrian War 0246-0241 B.C.^5,6 Ptolemy III Euergetes I, King of Egypt fought Selucas II of Syria in the the 3rd Syrian War, invading Syrian lands, and capturing Babylon and Susa, conquests which represented the limit of Ptolemaic expansion, 0246-0241B.C..^1,3 He married Berenice II of Cyrene, Queen of Egypt, daughter of Magas of Cyrene and Apama, 0252 B.C.^1,3 Ptolemy III Euergetes I, King of Egypt was born 0284 B.C. At circa.³ He was the son of Ptolemy II Philadelphus, King of Egypt and Arsinoë I of Macedonia.^2,3 Ptolemy III Euergetes I, King of Egypt also went by the name of Ptolemy "the Benefactor" "Euergetes" is Greek for "Benefactor."³ Sources: 2. Bryan, K. 'Davidic Descents to the House of Plantagenet' Augustan, Vol. XXV, 16-23. ; 3. Green, P. 'Alexander to Actium' pp.736.

     Seleucus III Soter, King of Syria died 0223 B.C. At Phrygia. He was assassinated.² King of Syria at Middle East 0226-0223 B.C..¹ He was the son of Seleucus II Callinicus, King of Syria and Laodice II.^2,1 Seleucus III Soter, King of Syria was born 0244 B.C..¹

     Seleucus II Callinicus, King of Syria died 0225 B.C.. He was killed by a fall from his horse.³ He was failed to recover the territory lost in Parthia to the Arsacid Dynasty 0227 B.C..^4,5 He was a witness where Arsakes I, King of Parthia defeated Seleuces II Callinicus as the latter attempted to reclaim the lost satrapies 0227 B.C.^4,5 Seleucus II Callinicus, King of Syria arrived in the east to put down the rebellion of Arsaces 0232 or 0231 B.C. At Parthia.⁶ He was a witness where Arsakes I, King of Parthia faced Seleucus, finally arrived in the east to put down the rebellion 0232 or 0231 B.C.⁶ Seleucus II Callinicus, King of Syria defeated in a war with his brother, Antiochus Hierax, to whom he was forced to give Asia Minor, 0235 B.C..⁷ He was raised to the throne by his mother 0246 B.C.. He married Laodice II, daughter of Andromachus, 0246 B.C.^1,8 Seleucus II Callinicus, King of Syria was unable to prevent Ptolemy III Euregetes of Egypt from invading Syria and Mesopotamia during the 3rd Syrian War 0246-0241 B.C..^8,2 He was a witness where Ptolemy III Euergetes I, King of Egypt fought Selucas II of Syria in the the 3rd Syrian War, invading Syrian lands, and capturing Babylon and Susa, conquests which represented the limit of Ptolemaic expansion, 0246-0241B.C.^9,10 King of Syria at Middle East 0247-0226 B.C..² Seleucus II Callinicus, King of Syria was the successor of Antiochos II Theos, King of Syria; King of Syria.^11,12,13,14 Seleucus II Callinicus, King of Syria was the son of Antiochos II Theos, King of Syria and Laodice I Seleucid.^2,3 Seleucus II Callinicus, King of Syria was born 0265 B.C..^1,8

     Antiochus Hierax Seleucid died 0228-0227 B.C. At Thrace. He perished as a fugitive.² He was defeated by Attalus, King of Pergamum, and thereby losing most of the Seleucid domains in Anatolia 0228 B.C..³ He was a witness where Attalos I Soter, King of Pergamum defeated the Seleucid king, Antiochus Hierax, in three battles and thereby gained control over all the Seleucid domains in Anatolia except Cilicia 0228 B.C.³ Antiochus Hierax Seleucid was a witness where Seleucus II Callinicus, King of Syria defeated in a war with his brother, Antiochus Hierax, to whom he was forced to give Asia Minor, 0235 B.C.⁴ Antiochus Hierax Seleucid was the son of Antiochos II Theos, King of Syria and Laodice I Seleucid.¹ Antiochus Hierax Seleucid was born 0265 B.C..¹

     Demetrius II Aetolicus, King of Macedonia died 0229 B.C..^2,3 He was defeated by the Dardanians 0230 B.C..² He suffered a setback when Epirus joined the Achaeans and Aetolians 0231 B.C..² He occupied Boeotia and Megara 0237-0236 B.C..² He was opposed on his accession to the throne of Macedonia by an alliance of the Aetolian and Achaean leagues, which opposed Macedonian power in Greece, 0239 B.C..² He married Chryseis-Phthia, Princess of Epirus, daughter of Alexander II, King of Epirus and Olympias Aeacid, 0239 B.C. King of Macedonia at the Balkan Peninsula 0239-0229 B.C..^2,4 A contract for the marriage of Demetrius II Aetolicus, King of Macedonia and Olympias Aeacid was signed 0245 B.C.. Her 2nd (widow).⁵ Demetrius II Aetolicus, King of Macedonia was a witness where Antigonus II Gonatas, King of Macedonia arranged a pretend marriage alliance between his son, Prince Demetrios, and the widow of Alexander II of Epirus, Olympia, and thereby regained Corinth (and Euboia) 0245 B.C.⁵ Demetrius II Aetolicus, King of Macedonia was the son of Antigonus II Gonatas, King of Macedonia and Phila II.^2,3 Demetrius II Aetolicus, King of Macedonia was born 0275 BC at circa.⁶ Sources: 1. Hammond, N.G.L. and Walbank, F.W. 'A History of Macedonia' Vol.III, pp.322. ; 2. Green, P. 'Alexander to Actium' pp.733.

     . He was buried before his idol, called Armaz in his honor, at the head of K'art'los (mountains) and until today the mountain is called Armaz.² He died 0234 B.C.. He was the predecessor of Sayurmak I, King of K'art'li; 2nd King of Kartli.^1,4 P'arnawaz I, King of Kartli-Iberia usurped "the evil" Azon, founder of the Mtskheta state, and with gifts to Antiochus, and the promise to serve him, Antiochus "accepted this proposal with joy, called him his son, sent him a crown, and ordered the princes of Armenia to help him," thereby becoming a Seleucid vassal 0280 B.C..^2,5 He was twenty-seven years old when he was created King of Iberia by King Antiochus of Syria 0299 B.C..² 1st King of Kartli at Transcaucasia 0299-0234 BCE.^6,7 He was the son of N. N. and N. N. of Isfahan.^2,3 P'arnawaz I, King of Kartli-Iberia was born 0326 B.C..^8,2 He was the first king from the line of K'art'los at Iberia, Transcaucasia.⁶ He told by his ally K'ajis "You are from [the line of] the former tanuters of Iberia and you are suited for [wielding] the authority. Now you are lord and I, your servant".⁶ He was discovered an entrance anciently stopped up with rocks, which had become dislodged, and on opening [the entrance] he saw a large cave filled with gold and silver treasures, and with this treasure he and K'ajis drove Azon from Iberia.⁶ He united Georgians of the east with those of Colchis-Egrisi to drive the "Greeks" from Mtskheta.⁵ He was a descendant of Kartlosi, the eponymous ancestor of the Georgians.⁵ He was for the Iberians "a king from the line of K'art'los our ancestor".⁶ Also called Armaz In Persian P'arnawaz = Armaz.⁶ He was an intelligent and skilled hunter.² He was the son of an Iranian mother from Isfahan (Spahan), nephew of Samaros who had been tanuter of Mts'xet'a upon Alexander's arrival.⁶ He walled the city of Mts'xet'a as well as those fortresses destroyed by Alexander.⁶ He was the first king from the line of K'art'los.¹ He married Durtska the Kovkan, daughter of N. N. the Kovkan.⁶ P'arnawaz I, King of Kartli-Iberia witnessed the marriage of K'ujis of Kartli and N. N. of Kartli; Given in marriage by her brother.^2,9