_Philip I (The Fair) ______________________+
_Louis VI the Fat of France _____|_Bertrada de Montfort _____________________
_Louis VII the Younger of France _|
| | _Humbert II the Fat of Savoy de Maurienne _+
| |_Adelaide of Savoy de Maurienne _|_Gisele of Burgundy _______________________
_Philip II Augustus of France _|
| | _Stephen of Blois _________________________+
| | _Theobald IV ____________________|_Adela ____________________________________
| |_Adelaide of Champagne ___________|
| | ___________________________________________
| |_Matilda of Carinthia ___________|___________________________________________
|
|--Louis VIII
|
| ___________________________________________
| _________________________________|___________________________________________
| __________________________________|
| | | ___________________________________________
| | |_________________________________|___________________________________________
|_Isabella of Hainaut __________|
| ___________________________________________
| _________________________________|___________________________________________
|__________________________________|
| ___________________________________________
|_________________________________|___________________________________________
[17603]
On May 23, 1200, Louis married Blanche of Castile, daughter of Alfonso
VIII of Castile, who effectively acted as regent after Louis's death.
In 1212 Louis seized Saint-Omer and Aire to prevent a powerful
Flanders from being on the flank of his county of Artois. In 1216,
after the barons rebelling against King John of England had offered
the English throne to Louis in return for his aid, Louis went to
England to aid the rebels. Initially he was successful, but eventually
he was defeated at sea and suffered defections. In 1217, when peace
was concluded at Kingston, Louis was secretly paid 10,000 marks. In
1224, now king, he seized Poitou and, in 1226, he launched a
successful crusade against the Albigensian heretics, capturing the
major fortress of Avignon before returning toward Paris because of
illness.
Louis was the first Capetian to grant appanages on a large scale and
to have a reversion clause that made alienation of royal property more
difficult. Louis also developed other particular rights for the
kingship, such as the concept that fealty was sworn not only to the
individual king but also to the kingship. His eldest son, Louis IX
(afterward St. Louis), peacefully succeeded him while his other sons
received appanages.
� 1999-2000 Britannica.com Inc.
[17604]
[S14]
Ancestral Roots of Americans
__
__|__
__|
| | __
| |__|__
_Henry I of France _______|
| | __
| | __|__
| |__|
| | __
| |__|__
|
|--Philip I (The Fair)
|
| __
| __|__
| __|
| | | __
| | |__|__
|_Anna of Kiev Yaroslavna _|
| __
| __|__
|__|
| __
|__|__
[17290]
Count of Paris. He was named for Philip of Macedon, from whom his
mother claimed descent. Although weak, he stood up against William I
and William II of England, whose power in France was great.
[17291]
[S19]
Directory of Royal Genealogical Data
[17292]
[S14]
Ancestral Roots of Americans
_Henry I of France ________________+
_Philip I (The Fair) ______________________|_Anna of Kiev Yaroslavna __________
_Louis VI the Fat of France _____|
| | ___________________________________
| |_Bertrada de Montfort _____________________|___________________________________
_Louis VII the Younger of France _|
| | _Amadeus II of Savoy de Maurienne _
| | _Humbert II the Fat of Savoy de Maurienne _|___________________________________
| |_Adelaide of Savoy de Maurienne _|
| | _William I of Burgundy ____________+
| |_Gisele of Burgundy _______________________|_Etienette (Stephanie) de Longwy __
|
|--Philip II Augustus of France
|
| _Theobald III of Blois ____________
| _Stephen of Blois _________________________|_Alix de Crepi ____________________
| _Theobald IV ____________________|
| | | _William I the Conqueror __________
| | |_Adela ____________________________________|_Matilda of Flanders ______________
|_Adelaide of Champagne ___________|
| ___________________________________
| ___________________________________________|___________________________________
|_Matilda of Carinthia ___________|
| ___________________________________
|___________________________________________|___________________________________
[17460]
The first of the great Capetian kings of medieval France (reigned
1179-1223), who gradually reconquered the French territories held by
the kings of England and also furthered the royal domains northward
into Flanders and southward into Languedoc. He was a major figure in
the Third Crusade to the Holy Land in 1191.
Early life and kingship
Philip was the son of Louis VII of France and Adela of Champagne. In
order to be associated as king with his father, who had fallen
mortally ill, he was crowned at Reims on Nov. 1, 1179. His uncles of
the House of Champagne--Henry I, count of Champagne; Guillaume,
archbishop of Reims; and Thibaut V, count of Blois and Chartres--hoped
to use the youthful king to control France. To escape from their
tutelage, Philip, on April 28, 1180, married Isabella, the daughter of
Baldwin V of Hainaut and the niece (through her mother) of Philip of
Alsace, the count of Flanders, who promised to give the King the
territory of Artois as her dowry.
When Henry II of England arrived in Normandy, perhaps with the
intention of responding to an appeal by the House of Champagne, Philip
II entered into negotiations with him and, at Gisors on June 28, 1180,
renewed an understanding that Louis VII had reached with him in 1177.
As a result, the House of Champagne was politically isolated, and
Philip II was making all decisions for himself and acting as he saw
fit when his father died, on Sept. 18, 1180, leaving him sole king in
name as well as in fact.
When the Count of Flanders allied himself with the Champagne faction,
there followed a serious revolt against the King. In the Peace of
Boves, in July 1185 (confirmed by the Treaty of Gisors in May 1186),
the King and the Count of Flanders composed their differences (which
had been chiefly over possession of Vermandois, in Picardy), so that
the disputed territory was partitioned, Amiens and numerous other
places passing to the King and the remainder, with the county of
Vermandois proper, being left provisionally to Philip of Alsace.
Thenceforward the King was free to run against Henry II of England.
Territorial expansion
Henry's French possessions--the so-called Angevin Empire, consisting
of Normandy, Maine, Anjou, and Touraine, with Aquitaine in the hands
of his son, the future Richard I the Lion-Heart of England, and
Brittany ruled by another son, Geoffrey (died 1186)--all were a
constant menace to the French royal domain. Furthermore, there were
long-standing disputes over the Vexin (between Normandy and the
�Ile-de-France), Berry, and Auvergne. (see also Index: Plantagenet,
House of)
Philip II launched an attack on Berry in the summer of 1187 but then
in June made a truce with Henry, which left Issoudun in his hands and
also granted him Fr�eteval, in Vend�omois. Though the truce was for
two years, Philip found grounds for resuming hostilities in the summer
of 1188. He skillfully exploited the estrangement between Henry and
Richard, and Richard did homage to him voluntarily at Bonmoulins in
November 1188. Finally, by the Treaty of Azay-le-Rideau, or of
Colombi�eres (July 4, 1189), Henry was forced to renew his own homage,
to confirm the cession of Issoudun, with Gra�cay also, to Philip, and
to renounce his claim to suzerainty over Auvergne. Henry died two days
later.
Richard, who succeeded Henry as king of England, had already
undertaken to go on crusade (the Third Crusade) against Saladin in the
Holy Land, and Philip now did likewise. Before his departure, he made
the so-called Testament of 1190 to provide for the government of his
kingdom in his absence. On his way to Palestine, he met Richard in
Sicily, where they promptly found themselves at variance, though they
made a treaty at Messina in March 1191. Arriving in Palestine, they
cooperated against the Muslims at Acre, until Philip fell ill and made
his illness a pretext for returning to France, quite determined to
settle the succession to Flanders (Philip of Alsace had just died on
the crusade) while Richard was still absent. Thus, by the end of 1191,
Philip II was back in France.
In spite of promises he had made in the Holy Land, Philip at once
prepared to attack the Plantagenet possessions in France. Informed of
this, Richard also left the crusade but was taken prisoner while on
his way back by the duke of Austria, Leopold V of Babenberg. Philip
did everything he could to prolong his rival's captivity, but Richard
was at last set free (1194) and went to war against Philip. The French
king suffered a number of defeats (from that at Fr�eteval in July 1194
to that at Courcelles in September 1198) in a series of campaigns that
were occasionally punctuated by negotiations. It was fortuitous for
Philip, however, when Richard was killed in April 1199.
Richard's brother John was by no means as formidable a fighter.
Moreover, his right to Richard's succession could be contested by
Arthur of Brittany, whose father had been senior to John. To secure
the succession, therefore, John came to terms with Philip: by the
Treaty of Le Goulet (May 22, 1200), in return for Philip's recognition
of him as Richard's heir, he ceded �Evreux and the Norman Vexin to
Philip; agreed that Issoudun and Gra�cay should be the dowry of his
niece Blanche of Castile, who was to marry the future Louis VIII
(Philip's son by Isabella of Hainaut); and renounced any claim to
suzerainty over Berry and Auvergne.
Shortly afterward, however, John entered into conflict with the
Lusignan family of Poitou (in Aquitaine), who appealed to Philip as
overlord. When he was summoned to appear before the royal court as a
vassal of the French crown, John did not present himself, and Philip,
in April 1202, pronounced John's French fiefs forfeit and undertook to
carry out the sentence himself. He invaded Normandy, overran the
northeast, and laid siege to Arques, while Arthur of Brittany, the son
of Geoffrey, who died some years before, campaigned against John's
supporters in Poitou; but John, marching south from Maine, captured
Arthur at Mirebeau (August 1). In fury, Philip abandoned the siege of
Arques and marched southwestward to Tours, ravaging John's territory
on his way before returning to Paris. Guillaume des Roches, the
powerful seneschal of Anjou, who had taken John's side, came to terms
with Philip in March 1203.
Resuming operations against Normandy, Philip occupied the towns around
the great fortress of Ch�ateau-Gaillard, to which he laid siege in
September 1203, having overruled Pope Innocent III's attempts to
mediate. John, who is reported to have murdered Arthur of Brittany in
April, retired to England in December, and Ch�ateau-Gaillard fell to
Philip in March 1204. Rouen, the Norman capital, surrendered in June,
after 40 days' resistance.
After his conquest of Normandy, Philip subdued Maine, Touraine, Anjou,
and most of Poitou with less difficulty (1204-05), though the castles
of Loches and Chinon held out for a year. He sought to secure his
conquests by lavishing privileges on the towns and on the religious
houses but otherwise left the local barons in power. Unrest, however,
was endemic in Poitou, and in June 1206 John landed at La Rochelle.
After a campaign in the south, he turned north toward the Loire. At
Thouars in October 1206, he and Philip made a two-year truce, leaving
John in possession of the reconquered Poitevin lands. In the following
year, however, Philip invaded Poitou again; and, after a further
campaign in 1208, only the south and part of the west of Poitou
remained loyal to John (with Saintonge, Guyenne, and Gascony).
Philip next hoped to exploit the dispute between John and Pope
Innocent III. While Innocent was threatening to declare John unfit to
reign (1212), plans were being made for a French landing in England
and for the accession of Philip's son Louis to the English throne. The
plans had to be dropped when John made his submission to the Pope
(1213). Throwing himself into schemes for revenge, John formed a
coalition against France: the Holy Roman emperor Otto IV, the Count of
Flanders (Ferrand, or Ferdinand, of Portugal), and the Count of
Boulogne (Raynald, or Renaud, of Dammartin) were to invade the
Capetian territory from the northeast while John attacked from the
west, with the help of his Poitevin barons.
John landed at La Rochelle in February 1214 and advanced into Anjou
but was put to flight by Louis at La Roche-aux-Moines on July 2; his
confederates were completely defeated by Philip in the decisive Battle
of Bouvines on July 27. The Anglo-Angevin power in France and the
coalition had both been broken in one month. Thus Philip, who, in
1213, had transferred Brittany to his cousin Peter of Dreux, was left
without any significant opposition to his rule in France.
It was not only at the Plantagenets' expense that Philip enlarged the
royal domain. His claim to Artois through his first marriage and his
gains by the settlement of 1185-86 have been mentioned above, and he
subsequently proceeded, step by step, to acquire the rest of
Vermandois and Valois. His insistence on his suzerainty over vacant
fiefs and on his tutelage over minors and heiresses was particularly
effective with regard to Flanders, where two successive Flemish
counts, Philip of Alsace (died 1191) and Baldwin IX (died c. 1205) had
left no male issue.
Though he did not personally take part in the crusade proclaimed by
Pope Innocent III against a Cathari religious sect in Languedoc,
Philip allowed his vassals and knights to carry it out. Simon de
Montfort's capture of B�eziers and Carcassonne (1209) and his victory
at Muret over Raymond VI of Toulouse and Peter II of Aragon (1213)
prepared the way for the eventual annexation of eastern Languedoc to
the royal domain six years after Philip's death and for the union of
northern and southern France under Capetian rule.
Internal affairs
Several years before he tried to take advantage of the papacy's
quarrel with John of England, Philip had himself been in dispute with
Rome. After the death (1190) of Isabella of Hainaut, he had married
Ingeborg, sister of the Danish king Canute IV, on Aug. 14, 1193, and
on the next day, for a private reason, had resolved to separate from
her. Having procured the annulment of his marriage by an assembly of
bishops in November 1193, he took a Tirolese lady, Agnes, daughter of
Bertold IV of Meran, as his wife in June 1196. Denmark, meanwhile, had
complained to Rome about the repudiation of Ingeborg, and Pope
Celestine III had countermanded it in 1195; but Celestine died (1198)
before he could resort to coercion against Philip. The next pope,
Innocent III, was sterner: in January 1200 he imposed an interdict on
France. Philip, therefore, in September 1200, had to submit,
pretending to be reconciled with Ingeborg. In fact, he refused to
cohabit with her and kept her in semicaptivity until 1213, when he
accepted her beside him--not as his wife but at least as his queen.
Agnes had died in 1201, after bearing two children to Philip: Marie,
countess of Namur (1211) and duchess of Brabant (1213), by successive
marriages; and Philip, called Hurepel, count of Clermont.
Throughout his reign, Philip kept a close watch over the French
nobility, which he brought effectively to heel. He maintained
excellent relations with the French clergy, leaving the canons of the
cathedral chapters free to elect their bishops and favouring the
monastic orders. He knew, too, how to win the support of the towns,
granting privileges and liberties to merchants and frequently aiding
their struggles to free themselves from the seignorial authority of
the nobles. In return, the communes helped financially and militarily.
Most of all, Philip gave his attention to Paris, not only fortifying
it with a great rampart but also having its streets and thoroughfares
put in order. For the countryside, he multiplied the number of villes
neuves ("new towns"), or enfranchised communities.
The Capetian monarchy's hold on the huge royal domain as well as on
the kingdom as a whole was considerably strengthened by Philip's
institution of a new class of administrative officers, the royal
baillis and the seneschals for the provinces, who were appointed by
the king to supervise the conduct of the local pr�ev�ots ("provosts"),
to give justice in his name, to collect the revenues of the domain for
him, and to call up the armed forces, in addition to other duties.
Conclusion.
Philip II died on July 14, 1223. Knowing his own strength, he was the
first of the Capetians not to have his eldest son crowned and
associated with him during his lifetime; in fact, his conquests and
strong government made him the richest and most powerful king in
Europe and prepared the way for France's greatness in the 13th
century.
[17461]
[S19]
Directory of Royal Genealogical Data
[17462]
[S14]
Ancestral Roots of Americans
[17463]
[S82]
Britannica Encyclopedia
____________________
___________________|____________________
_______________________|
| | ____________________
| |___________________|____________________
_David Gilbert Arnold _|
| | ____________________
| | ___________________|____________________
| |_______________________|
| | ____________________
| |___________________|____________________
|
|--Herbert Boardman Arnold
|
| _John Boardman _____
| _Allyn Boardman ___|_Martha Curtis _____
| _Truman Boardman ______|
| | | _Stephen Woodworth _+
| | |_Phoebe Woodworth _|_Eunice Lathrop ____
|_Gertrude Boardman ____|
| ____________________
| ___________________|____________________
|_Aurelia Cloe Whiting _|
| ____________________
|___________________|____________________
_William Baldwin _
_John Baldwin _|_Jane Aylesbury __
_Richard Baldwin _|
| | _William Dormer __+
| |_Agnes Dormer _|_Agnes Launcelyn _
_Henry Baldwin _|
| | __________________
| | _______________|__________________
| |_Ellen Apuke _____|
| | __________________
| |_______________|__________________
|
|--John Baldwin
|
| __________________
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| _William King ____|
| | | __________________
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|_Alice King ____|
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_John Botsford _|
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[3399]
[S38]
Botsford Family Origins
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_Robert Cheney _|__
_Robert Cheney _|
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_Robert Cheney _|
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| |________________|
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|--John Cheney
|
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| _John Harrison _|
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| | |________________|__
|_Joan Harrison _|
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|________________|
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_________________
_John Cowles _______|_________________
_Samuel Cowles ___|
| | _________________
| |_Hannah Bushoup ____|_________________
_Timothy Cowles _|
| | _John Stanley ___+
| | _Timothy Stanley ___|_Susan Lancock __
| |_Abigail Stanley _|
| | _Thomas Morrice _
| |_Elizabeth Morrice _|_________________
|
|--Abigail Cowles
|
| _________________
| ____________________|_________________
| __________________|
| | | _________________
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|_Hannah Pitkin __|
| _________________
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|__________________|
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[4907]
[S62]
Hale, House and Related Families
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_Thomas Couchman _|__
_Robert Cushman _|
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| |_Elinor Hubbard __|__
_Thomas Cushman _|
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| |_Sarah Reder ____|
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| |__________________|__
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|--Sarah Cushman
|
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| _Isaac Allerton _|
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|_Mary Allerton __|
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|_Mary Norris ____|
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[403]
[S26]
Mayflower Increasings
[404]
[S26]
Mayflower Increasings
__
__________________|__
_Edward Doty __|
| | __
| |__________________|__
_Samuel Doty _|
| | __
| | _Thurston Clarke _|__
| |_Faith Clarke _|
| | __
| |__________________|__
|
|--Sarah Doty
|
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|_Jane Harmon _|
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|_______________|
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[5926]
[S26]
Mayflower Increasings
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__________________|__
_Francis Eaton ______|
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_Samuel Eaton ______|
| | __
| | __________________|__
| |_____________________|
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|--Bethiah Eaton
|
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| _John Billington _|__
| _Francis Billington _|
| | | __
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|_Martha Billington _|
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|_Christian Penn _____|
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[6113]
[S26]
Mayflower Increasings
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[6020]
[S26]
Mayflower Increasings
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[20537]
[S98]
RootsWeb WorldConnect Project
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|--Huldah Green
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[19365]
[S98]
RootsWeb WorldConnect Project
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[19457]
[S170]
Little Compton Families
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[18393]
[S75]
Woodworth Family of America
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[13695]
[S120]
McConnell Genealogy Page
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[13922] Daughter of Moses Kirkpatrick.
[13923]
[S124]
Toni Richard Turk
_____________________________
_Hugh le Despenser ________|_____________________________
_Edward le Despenser ______|
| | _Gilbert "the Red" de Clare _
| |_Alianore de Clare ________|_Joan Plantagenet ___________
_Edward le Despenser ____|
| | _____________________________
| | _William de Ferrers _______|_____________________________
| |_Anne de Ferrers __________|
| | _____________________________
| |_Ellen de Segrave _________|_____________________________
|
|--Elizabeth le Despenser
|
| _____________________________
| _Bartholomew de Burghersh _|_____________________________
| _Bartholomew de Burghersh _|
| | | _Theobald de Verdun _________
| | |_Elizabeth de Verdun ______|_Maud de Mortimer ___________
|_Elizabeth de Burghersh _|
| _____________________________
| ___________________________|_____________________________
|_Cicely de Weyland ________|
| _____________________________
|___________________________|_____________________________
[3710] Married Sir John Fitzalan, b. 30 Nov 1364.
[3711]
[S14]
Ancestral Roots of Americans
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[13804]
[S37]
Willson Family Tree
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_Andrew Newcomb _|
| | __
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_Simon Newcomb _|
| | __
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| |_Sarah Lewes ____|
| | __
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|
|--Hezekiah Newcomb
|
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[19540]
[S98]
RootsWeb WorldConnect Project
_______________________
___________________|_______________________
_John Sanborn __|
| | _______________________
| |___________________|_______________________
_William Sanborn _|
| | _______________________
| | _Stephen Bachiler _|_______________________
| |_Anne Bachiler _|
| | _______________________
| |___________________|_______________________
|
|--Josiah Sanborn
|
| _Thomas Moulton _______+
| _Robert Moulton ___|_Joanna (Johan) Green _
| _John Moulton __|
| | | _Henry Smythe _________
| | |_Mary Smythe ______|_______________________
|_Mary Moulton ____|
| _______________________
| ___________________|_______________________
|_Ann Green _____|
| _______________________
|___________________|_______________________
[3576]
[S44]
Maine and New Hampshire Genealogical Dictionary
[3577]
[S93]
Hampton, New Hampshire History
__
__|__
__|
| | __
| |__|__
__|
| | __
| | __|__
| |__|
| | __
| |__|__
|
|--Thomas B. Sears
|
| __
| __|__
| __|
| | | __
| | |__|__
|__|
| __
| __|__
|__|
| __
|__|__
[18585]
[S75]
Woodworth Family of America
__
______________________|__
_Edward Southworth _|
| | __
| |______________________|__
_Constant Southworth _|
| | __
| | _Alexander Carpenter _|__
| |_Alice Carpenter ___|
| | __
| |______________________|__
|
|--William Southworth
|
| __
| ______________________|__
| ____________________|
| | | __
| | |______________________|__
|_Elizabeth Collier ___|
| __
| ______________________|__
|____________________|
| __
|______________________|__
[5049]
[S26]
Mayflower Increasings
__
__|__
__|
| | __
| |__|__
__|
| | __
| | __|__
| |__|
| | __
| |__|__
|
|--Hannah Swodel
|
| __
| __|__
| __|
| | | __
| | |__|__
|__|
| __
| __|__
|__|
| __
|__|__
[16394]
[S75]
Woodworth Family of America
__
__|__
_Thomas Vose _|
| | __
| |__|__
_Robert Vose _|
| | __
| | __|__
| |______________|
| | __
| |__|__
|
|--Thomas Vose
|
| __
| __|__
| ______________|
| | | __
| | |__|__
|_Jane Moss ___|
| __
| __|__
|______________|
| __
|__|__
[928]
[S9]
Connecticut Family History
[929]
[S51]
Vose, Robert and His Descendants
______________________
_________________|______________________
___________________|
| | ______________________
| |_________________|______________________
_John Walker _____|
| | ______________________
| | _________________|______________________
| |___________________|
| | ______________________
| |_________________|______________________
|
|--Joseph Walker
|
| _Alexander McConnell _
| _Adam McConnell _|______________________
| _Robert McConnell _|
| | | ______________________
| | |_________________|______________________
|_Agnes McConnell _|
| ______________________
| _________________|______________________
|_Nancy Boyd _______|
| ______________________
|_________________|______________________
[14044]
[S37]
Willson Family Tree
_Johannes Wiederrecht __
_Johann Phillip Wiederrecht _|_Eva Katharina Stephan _
_Johann Phillip Wiederrecht _|
| | ________________________
| |_Christine Uibel ____________|________________________
_Johann Phillip Wiederrecht _|
| | _Johannes Demuth _______
| | _Johannes Demuth ____________|_Anna Marie Meier ______
| |_Eva Magdalena Demuth _______|
| | ________________________
| |_Christine Haus _____________|________________________
|
|--Johannes Wiederrecht
|
| ________________________
| _____________________________|________________________
| _Johann George Anthony ______|
| | | ________________________
| | |_____________________________|________________________
|_Eva Katharina Anthony ______|
| ________________________
| _____________________________|________________________
|_Maria Magdalena Schuster ___|
| ________________________
|_____________________________|________________________
[560]
[S100]
Hayes-Wiederrecht Families
__
__|__
__|
| | __
| |__|__
__|
| | __
| | __|__
| |__|
| | __
| |__|__
|
|--Jane Wilson
|
| __
| __|__
| __|
| | | __
| | |__|__
|__|
| __
| __|__
|__|
| __
|__|__
[18487]
[S98]
RootsWeb WorldConnect Project
__
__|__
__|
| | __
| |__|__
_Josiah Witter _____|
| | __
| | __|__
| |__|
| | __
| |__|__
|
|--Hannah Witter
|
| __
| __|__
| __|
| | | __
| | |__|__
|_Elizabeth Wheeler _|
| __
| __|__
|__|
| __
|__|__
[16279]
[S26]
Mayflower Increasings
__
__|__
__|
| | __
| |__|__
__|
| | __
| | __|__
| |__|
| | __
| |__|__
|
|--Henry Wolcott
|
| __
| __|__
| __|
| | | __
| | |__|__
|__|
| __
| __|__
|__|
| __
|__|__
[4776]
[S71]
Wolcott Genealogy
[4777]
[S18]
Great Migration Begins
[4780]
[S18]
Great Migration Begins