ZACHIST [I'm taking liberty with this latest report from Douglas Tucker by appending a couple paragraphs from his letter of July 6, 1997 to his enclosed report. This is an update of CLNDRCHG.txt which circulated last year. I plan a "MOORMAN Hodge-Podge" with more passages from this letter and comments sent by others on several previous reports. I apologize for not being on top of things this summer, but my "other life" has kept me occupied. I hope things will get back to normal late August/early September. As in other reports, the ideas are Doug's; typos are mine. LSS] Zachariah MOORMAN and Mary CANDLER: History Helps with Key Dates! by Douglas Tucker JUL 1997 Looking back over several reports on Thomas Moreman, the Warwick shire grocer who sailed to Virginia on the Bona Nova in 1619, got me to thinking again about how little we know about Zachariah and Mary (Candler) Moorman. What particularly distresses me is that the dateline still being applied to Zachariah Moorman and his children does not reflect the few known and documented facts about this particular Moorman. Before preparing the attached paper on Zachariah, I went to the DAR Library and the library of the National Genealogical Associa- tion and reviewed accounts of the MOORMAN family legend that have been reported over the last 150 years - including the versions reported by Johnson in _Ancestry of William & John Johnson_, Col. Stephen Tillman (several versions over a 40-year period), O'Donnell, as reported by Boddie in _Historical Southern Families_, Coulter in _Some Families of Revolutionary War Patriots,_, Burk in _History of VA Quakers_, Eldrige in _The Moor- man Family_, the NSCD in its _Seventeenth Century Colonial Ances- tors of Members of the National Society of Colonial Dames_, vol. XVII, and the version presented in the _Compendium of American Genealogies_, vol. VII. I wanted to refresh my understanding of the "essence" of the MOOR- MAN Family Legend and to see if any of the dates cited for Zachariah Moorman had sources other than "oral histories" ap- parently first collected and printed in the mid-19th century (no sources were cited for any information about Zachariah Moorman). My instinct, after rereading many different presentations of the Legend, remains that the basic substance of the Legend is reasonably consistent across all versions. However, the datelines vary a good deal and frequently reflect a general ignorance of English history. I have focused on the "historical context of Zachariah Moorman" in the attached paper in order to refine and correct the key dates associated with Zachariah Moorman and his children. [The actual report follows. LSS] The calendar commonly offered for Zachariah Moorman in various versions of the MOORMAN Family Legend is roughly as follows: 1620 Birth of Zachariah, son of Thomas Moorman of Isle of Wight, Hampshire [England] 1639 Zachariah joins the Army (A) Zachariah serves under Cromwell in Ireland (B) Zachariah married Mary CANDLER in Ireland (C) Zachariah and Mary reside in Belfast, Ireland (D) Son Thomas is born in Ireland (E) Zachariah and/or Mary Moorman join Quaker faith (F) Zachariah and Mary return to Isle of Wight. Zachariah persuades older brother Thomas to join the Quaker movement. Thomas serves as Quaker missionary, first at Hulst, Holland and later Damme, Germany where he settles and raises a family 1669 Zachariah and Mary Moorman and family leave Southampton on the Glasgow bound for Barbados, an intermediate stopover enroute to Virginia 1670 Moorman family arrives in Virginia and settles at the Quaker refuge near Somerton, Nansemond Co. English and Irish history can help us pin approximate dates to items A through F above. (1) The Irish Rebellion began in 1649 and while hostilities ended about 1653, the English Expeditionary Army did not begin to disband until March 1655. There were three stages to the disband- ment. The first occurred in March 1655, the second in August 1655 and the third in June 1656. Therefore, if Zachariah Moorman served in Ireland, he was not free to marry until after March 1655. (Junior Army officers could not be married or marry while on active duty.) Might Zachariah have served in Ireland before the Rebellion began in 1649? No chance, as English and Irish military records show there were no domestic English troops sta tioned in Ireland from 1620 until August 1649. (The Anglo/Irish and Scots families living in Ireland were responsible for raising their own troops.) (2) English regimental records show that William CANDLER was a Captain in the Army as early as 1647 (see Firth and Davis' _Regimental History of Cromwell's Army_, 1940) and that he served in Ireland under Sir Hardress Waller from December 1649 through at least March 1655 when his unit was demobilized and given land in-lieu-of-back-pay in County Wexford. (see Prendergast, _The Cromwellian Settlement of Ireland, 1856_). Candler held the rank of Captain throughout the Irish campaign but when he retired from the Army in 1655, he was cited for "bravery in the field" and breveted to the rank of Lt. Colonel and granted an estate at Bal- liknockan in Kings County, Ireland (see Dr. William Petty's _1659 Census of Ireland_). Therefore, in late 1655, an unmarried Wil- liam Candler remained in Ireland, recently retired from the Army with a nice Lt. Col's pension and substantial Irish property. (3) In the Petty Census of Ireland that was completed in early 1659, William CANDLER of Balliknockan is referred to as an "esquire" and is shown as the head of a household containing four "English persons". Dr. Petty's charge was to firmly establish the English population of Ireland, and his count is considered to have been exceedingly accurate and complete. The King's County tabulation was taken before August, 1657). The Petty Census tells us that not only did William Candler retire from the Army with a Lt. Colonel's pension and an Irish estate, but he had sub- sequently been granted the hereditary title of Esquire. Since Candler certainly was not married from 1647 through 1655 while he was in the Army, it seems likely that his 1657 instant "family" probably included children from an earlier marriage. (Household servants probably would have been Irish, of which there were 22 counted in Balliknockan. (4) According to members of the CANDLER family (Charles W. Candler in particular) who have expanded on the earlier family research of kin Allan Candler, William Candler was born about 1610/12, possibly in London, of a family that originally came from Norfolk. He married about 1634/35 and settled in Kent, pos- sibly his wife's home county. The Candlers had several children but only two daughters survived infancy. William's wife died during the English Civil War and shortly thereafter, William joined Parliamentary forces opposing the King. When William joined the Parliamentary Army, the young Candler daughters were placed in the care of relatives, but whether they were Candler's or his wife's relatives is unclear. After the end of the Civil War, William Candler remained in the Army and subsequently volun- teered for service in Ireland, attracted by the promise of Irish land grants when the Rebellion was put down. Once in Ireland, he remained for the rest of his life. William Candler died at his estate at Callan, County Kilkenny about 1680. (This was the "Callan Castle" property that was granted to Candler by Charles II in 1670/71). His oldest son, Thomas Candler, born at Balliknockan in 1663 by his second wife, Ann Villiers Candler, had already acceded to his father's Esquire title at the time of his marriage to Elizabeth Burrell in 1684. The other English members of the William Candler household at Bal- liknockan in 1657 probably included one or both of William's daughters, who by 1657 would have been in their late teens or early twenties. Whether Mary Candler had already married Zachariah Moorman by 1657 is problematical. What is clear is that Zachariah and Mary could not have been married in Ireland before Zachariah was demobilized sometime after March 1655. Furthermore, the Candler girls could not have been present in Ireland until the very end of 1655 at the earliest because English civilians were banned from traveling to Ireland until November 1655. There fore, it seems highly unlikely that Zachariah Moorman could have married Mary Candler before 1656. (5) William Candler married the widow Ann Villiers sometime be tween early 1661 and 1663. Ann's first husband, John Villiers, 3rd Viscount Grandison of Limerick, died sometime between Novem- ber 1660 when he is mentioned in Irish muster records and March 1661 when his younger brother George is referred to in Parliamen tary documents as the 4th Viscount Grandison. William Candler and Ann Villiers were already married in October, 1663 when they are cited by name in an appendix to the 1663 Acts of Settlement en- titled "Names of Persons in the Grants Under the Acts of Settle ment and Explanation" (_Records of Ireland_). This proves nothing about Zachariah Moorman except that his mother-in-law was not Ann Villiers Candler as some have suggested. (6) When he was demobilized, it is possible that Capt. Zachariah Moorman was granted confiscated Irish land in the vicinity of Bel- fast, in the northern part of Ireland some 125 miles from Bal- liknockan where William Candler lived. However, the Petty Census does not show an English person named Moorman living in the vicinity of Belfast. This may mean that Zachariah Moorman may have refused to accept confiscated Irish land or sold his property rights to others. I find it difficult to believe that Moorman would volunteer to serve in Ireland and then refuse to accept payment for his services. However, there was much dissatis- faction with the confiscated lands program instituted by Cromwell to pay his soldiers and many sold off their land grants and returned to England as quickly as they could. (7) In the late 1650s, Belfast was the hotbed of Quaker evan- gelism in Ireland, and it could have been there that Zachariah and Mary first came in contact with the Quaker faith. In con- trast, Quaker influence on Isle of Wight was minimal until the early 1660s. In addition to the above, we know that several Quaker families were passengers aboard the three vessel fleet (Carolina, Port Royal and the sloop Three Sisters) which sailed in January 1680 from Barbados to found a new colony in South Carolina. (See _Official History of the State of South Carolina_) The Quaker families were not part of the colonizing party (many of whom were also Quakers) but rather were emigrants headed for Virginia where the fleet was planning to resupply before heading back to Bar- bados. A fierce storm separated the fleet before it reached South Carolina and the vessel carrying the Quaker families, the Three Sisters, sought refuge and repair in Bermuda. The Quaker families were dropped off in Virginia before the Three Sisters finally reached South Carolina on May 23, 1680. (There are no names as sociated with the Quaker families that sailed aboard the Three Sisters, only mention that they were dropped off at "the Nan semond River in Virginia" before the Three Sisters reached South Carolina." I suggest the Moorman family was aboard the Three Sisters and that the circumstances of its voyage led to the rumor that the Moormans had been part of the South Carolina colonizing party.) [Doug's report says 1680 in the above account, but I'm sure that's a typo and should read 1670 based on content. LSS] Revised Calendar for Zachariah MOORMAN 1620 Birth of Zachariah, son of Thomas Moorman of Isle of Wight, Hampshire 1630 Zachariah joins the Army 1649-1655 Zachariah serves under Cromwell in Ireland 1656-1657 Zachariah marries Mary CANDLER in Ireland after 1656 Zachariah and Mary possibly reside in Belfast c1658 Son Thomas is born in Ireland c1658 Zachariah and/or Mary Moorman join Quaker faith before 1660 Zachariah and Mary return to Isle of Wight. Zachariah persuades older brother Thomas to join the Quaker movement. Thomas serves as Quaker missionary, first at Hulst, Holland and later Damme, Germany where he settles and raises a family. 1669 Zachariah and Mary Moorman and family leave Southamp- ton on the Glasgow bound for Barbados, an inter- mediate stopover enroute to Virginia 1670 Moorman family arrives in Virginia and settles at the Quaker refuge near Somerton, Nansemond Co. [For those wanting more information on the CANDLER family, I refer you to several previous reports: the two part IRSHCNDR.txt and IRHCNDL2.txt are the most detailed; CANDLER.txt, CNDLRVST.txt, DOUGCAND.txt, and MRMHDGPG.txt. Don't let "txt" or "asc" following the file name throw you: "asc" appears with individual files sent via e-mail and "txt" with those files downloaded from my web page. Same files, just different handling by cyberspace. LSS]