MICAJAH CLARK and SALLIE ANN MOORMAN 1/96 by Linda Sparks Starr [Since more than half my regular CLARK correspondents are now on line, I've decided to incorporate Douglas Tucker's comments into a computer file which I can send via the internet thus saving $$$ in copy and postal expense. I'll also get replies more quickly. Although he doesn't provide citations (Doug promises to do so in the future), I feel his views are valid and deserve our atten tion. He offers a fresh viewpoint, as well as new information, especially in the area of Barbadoes records. His address is: Douglas Tucker, 11900 Gregerscroft Rd., Potomac, MD 20854. LSS] Doug's response to my general view that we shouldn't accept the existance of Micajah and Sallie Ann (Moorman) until we find writ ten record of them is "we ought to accept the general outlines of the Moorman/Clark/Johnson family legends until we find proof of error or oversight, rather than discount the legends until we prove they are correct...I am not aware of any Virginia paper trail that 'proves' they ever lived in the Quaker refuge at Some rton, or anywhere else in Virginia for that matter." A good place to begin seems to be with a summary of the family legend as repeated by various genealogists for the past seventy five years: the Clarks came to America in the last half of the 17th century by way of Barbadoes. Capt. Christopher is either the son of Edward Clark and grandson of Micajah Clark and Sallie Ann Moorman, or the eldest son of Micajah and Sallie Ann who went to Barbadoes in 1669 and came to VA the next year. Some researchers get more specific -- we've yet to discover who was the first to report the following as found in Historical Southern Families, vol. IV Moorman of VA by O'Donnell: In the spring of 1669, Zachariah Moorman with his chn and son-in-law MICAJAH CLARK em barked at Southampton, Eng. in the ship Glasgow and sailed to the Barbadoes Islands in the West Indies. Early 1670 they joined im migrants who sailed for SC, landing near the site of Charleston. This Micajah was the son of Michael and Margaret Clark. The researchers who do offer documentation say "Hotton's Bar badoes Lists". Yet, none of this is found in Hotton's Original Lists of Persons of Quality which does have a section on Christ Church Parish in Barbadoes 1680. Much of this information is repeated in Mary Benham Ackerly & Lula Eastman Jeter Parker's Our Kin: Christopher Clark having 60 acres and 31 slaves; Francis Clark 15 acres and Edward Clark 1 acre. Hotton adds a Margaret CLARK with 167 acres, 5 white servants and 78 negroes; page 63 says Michael Clark died 1678/9, but doesn't indicate he left a widow, Margaret. The Barbadoes Parish and Militia rolls for 1679/80 are located in Omitted Chapters From Hotton's Original Lists..., edited by James C. Brandow. Mrs. Margaret Clark was the only CLARK in the Company of Capt. John Adams, 6 JAN 1679; she sent one man--Thomas Harrison--although she had 4 men with her, but only one "wanted man". Does this mean she had four males in her household, but only one--Harrison--was required to serve militia duty? Other CLARKS were: Thomas (7 entries), Christopher (2 entries), Francis (1 entry), but only one entry had more than one CLARK in any one company: Christopher, Mr. Roger and Patrick Clarke--all in Capt. John Dempster's Co., not dated. Dates vary-- 3 DEC, 6 JAN and simply FEB--but all were in 1679, which is consistant for that time period. Only one, Mr. Thomas Clark, is identified as a Quaker. The reason Doug gives for Micajah Clark not being on the above census/tax roll is that he thinks Micajah had come to Virginia c1679 to find a wife--Sallie Ann Moorman. According to his theory, Micajah, as eldest son of Michael Clark d. 1678 in Bar badoes, liquidated his inheritance to purchase land in Virginia. His reasoning: "In the late 1670's, the planters in Barbadoes were under growing pressure from English taxes, prohibitions on direct trading with the mainland American colonies, and land ownership questions that related back to the legitimacy of royal grants made 40 years earlier. Many Barbadoes planters left the island between 1675 and 1700 and the island suffered a sig nificant decline in its white population. With Michael Clark dead...Micajah [may also have been]... paving the way for others in his family to follow [to VA] at a later date." However, Doug also speculates the lack of Virginia records for Micajah suggests they returned to Barbadoes after their marriage --and after the 1679 census was taken in Barbadoes. His reason ing includes the fact that Micajah, as eldest son, was respon sible for his widowed mother and minor siblings. He concedes Christ Church Parish Marriage Records suggest Margaret remarried in 1682 which would have released Micajah from his duties. Doug also offers a specific reason and timeframe the CLARKs moved permanently to Virginia. According to Barbadoes history, in 1694 a hurricane "destroyed virtually every habitable structure in the southern half of the island and devastated most of the sugar plantations." As I understand his reasoning, Micajah and pos sibly Sallie Ann, died sometime in this time frame; their eldest son, Capt. Christopher, was living in 1698 in New Kent Co. on his inheritance--land purchased by his father or he, with money from Micajah's estate. I received only two answers to my internet query about what we can conclude from the following extract found in The Vestry Bk & Register St. Peter's Parish, New Kent Co. & James City Co 1684 1786 by Chamberlayne: "1698 Alexander MacKeney ... asked for help to clear the roads in his precinct ... these FAMILIES were ordered: Christopher CLARKE, Thomas Stanley, Edward CLARKE ..." Both agree that Christopher and Edward had to be at least 16 years old. This means, IF this Edward is a younger brother of Christopher, both had to be born before 1682--bumping Christopher's birthdate back to c1680 or even earlier from 1681 which is usually given. Charles Hamrick added that if the cita tion reads "family + name" as I read Chamberlayne's abstract, we MIGHT ASSUME each man was head of his own household which would make both older still. He added he always ASSUMED the men named as tithables were heads of their households unless specifically noted otherwise. I personally think Thomas Stanley named in be tween adds weight to this line of thinking. Information from The Source by Eakle and Cerny only "muddies the water": a male had to be 21 to own land outright, but could be "in possession of" land on tax rolls when he was 16. Helping clear roads was a form of taxation. I'll leave the rest of Tucker's Barbadoes discussion for "Michael Clark" and move on to Virginia. Somerton, in Nansemond Co., seems as good a place to begin as any although it more properly belongs in the "Zachariah Moorman" update. Doug commenting fur ther on the reasons for lack of Virginia records on Micajah Clark: "Perhaps the early records not only were not preserved but maybe they were never made. My undersanding is that Somerton was founded as a Quaker refuge and that in 1670 it was down right dan- gerous to keep lists of Society members around since Gov. Berkeley had standing orders ... to break up Quaker meetings, fine the participants and deport known Quakers from the Colony. Between 1660 and 1664 Berkeley destroyed three of the five Quaker meetings that existed ... Somerton was founded in the aftermath of the Berkeley intolerance ..[by] perhaps a dozen Quaker families, most having fled ... from the Norfolk meeting. Not un til 1680 did religious tolerance make much headway in VA. He continues, the Somerton refuge property was owned by a John Ballard whose offspring were known Quakers. He places the loca tion of Somerton in Nansemond's Upper Parish as about 30 miles southeast of Suffolk and close to the present-day VA/NC border. "Unlike most English settlements ... Somerton was purposefully sited 30 miles inland and bordered by nearly impenetrable swampland that further protected the non-conformist community. The sheer remoteness of Somerton was thought to be the best pos sible protection from harrassment by VA's colonial government at Jamestown." The closest specific reference to Somerton I've located is Early Quaker Records in VA, by Miles White Jr. -- "the Meeting house at William CLARKES in Pagon Creek 13 da 9 mo last" (1684) is among the earliest records of Friends in Nansemond and Isle of Wight Counties, VA. That brings us to Isle of Wight County, VA. Doug says Ralph Lock Taylor reports that the first in the CLARK line in VA was a "Capt. Micajah Clark of Isle of Wight Co." However, he hasn't found confirmation of this in the many other Isle of Wight sources he has reviewed. A Capt. Micajah Clark was not picked up by Lloyd Bockstruck in VA's Colonial Soldiers. Doug then brings up an intriguing possibility -- Nicholas Meriwether b. c1667, later associate of Capt. Christopher Clark, was born in Isle of Wight Co. (or Surry, depending on birthyear). This is verified by Lewises, Meriwethers and Their Kin, by Ander son. Doug suggests the obviously close and continuous relation ship between the older Meriwether and Capt. Christopher may stem from the previous generation. And while we're in the area, Brief Abstracts of Lower Norfolk Co. and Norfolk Co. Wills 1637-1710, by Charles Fleming McIntosh shows a noncupative will for Michaell CLARKE recorded in Book D., folio 436 15 FEB 1665. Only a daughter, Elizabeth, and unnamed wife are mentioned. What makes this interesting is the Upper por- tion of Norfolk Co. became Nansemond County. Other CLARK/CLARKEs in the book include: Robert, John, Anthony and Barthome/Bartholomew. One more thing before we leave Micajah and Sallie Ann -- Doug identifies two possible sisters for brothers, Capt. Christopher, Edward and Francis --Elizabeth who married Andrew MOORMAN (1689 1753) and Sarah who married Thomas MOORMAN (1688-1782), both younger brothers of Charles "M" MOORMAN (1684-1756) who married Elizabeth Reynolds. He adds, it was Andrew Jr., son of Andrew Sr. and Elizabeth (Clark) who married Sally Diggs and went to NC. I've written Mary Stewart, who is working on the MOORMAN book, for her comments; sisters is entirely new to me, but certainly probable. MICHAEL CLARK and MARGARET 1/96 by Linda Sparks Starr Doug Tucker is the first person who has traced the Michael Clark of Barbadoes back to England. If he is correct, I believe he has found the basis for the CLARK / MOORMAN family legends. It still needs lots of work, but we may be getting somewhere at last. Doug believes the Michael of Barbadoes is likely the same Michael Clark "who was active in recruiting colonists for both Barbadoes and Virginia on behalf of Sir Anthony Ashley Cooper (Lord Shaftesbury...) Clark's name crops up regularly prior to 1670 in accounts of Shaftesbury's colonial activities ... from a base in County Kent...[His] young Scottish assistant [was] Robert Fer guson who was later involved in political intrigues with Shaftesbury...and was 'kicked out of Kent' in 1669 for improper financial conduct but more likely due to his...religious views." As circumstantial evidence for the two Michael Clark's being one person, Doug says: (1) both were closely associated with the colonization of Barbadoes; (2) the Babadoes Clark was clearly a man of substantial means given the amount of property when he died in 1678; (3) Michael's reported birthyear of 1629 makes the employer/employee relationship with Robert Ferguson b. 1638 in Aberdeenshire reasonable; and (4) the concidence that the last year records for Michael appear in England is the stated year his assistant was charged with improper financial conduct and is the very year the Glasgow sailed with MOORMANS and CLARKS aboard per family legends. Now to Barbadoes records which are filled with families named CLARKE. Jennie McNaught in James Clark... reminds us (page 125) that a Christopher CLark first appears in Barbadoes records as early as 1644. Doug says the wealthiest families lived in Christ Church Parish where Michael and Margaret's names are found. He says it appears there are two CLARK families in Christ Church Parish who use the same given names as "our" VA CLARKS. However, he feels a closer reading of these records will show these CLARKS might actually be only one family. He offers the following in support of this speculation: one estate record dated 20 MAY 1678, was not recorded until 3 SEP 1679. This particular one shows the widow, Margaret, disposing of "one part of a plantation of 1,020 acres...abutting the land of Ralph Parrott, Col. Sam New- ton, John Redman late of Thomas Clarke, John Searle, James Lee, and William Bland and one-half of 50 Negroes." He explains the above phrase "of Thomas Clarke": "The phrase...appears frequently in Barbadoes documents...Thomas Clarke was a "mercantilist" of some sort operating out of London and may have been a large absentee landowner on Barbadoes... I believe it signifed that person was employed by Thomas Clarke of London as resident caretaker of Clarke's property on Barbadoes, perhaps under indenture ..." I've asked Doug if he has seen a copy of Michael's will -- or any primary source which names Michael's children? Hotton confirms only that a Michael Clark died in Barbadoes in 1678. Jasper Hendrick in Hendricks and Their Kin gives six children of Michael and Margaret--Micajah who married Sallie Ann Moorman, Francis, Edward, Rodger, William, Thomas and Capt. Christopher. Willa Mac Coulter in Some Families of Rev. War Patriots... repeats Hendrick but notes others say Capt. Christopher is son of Micajah. Page 125 of McNaught lists these same sons in the same order as pas sengers on the Glasgow, supposedly found in Hotton. She never determined if Capt. Christopher was the son of Edward or Micajah & Sallie Ann. Doug repeats these names, but also adds spouses. I suspect this latter information is from Christ Church Parish Records. He offers the following as relevant to our study: Margaret Clark may have remarried -- Charles Collins --1682 Son Roger married Mary Maggs in 1667; their first child was born 1679; she may have married 2nd John Herringham. Elsewhere he wrote she was disowned in her father's will because she married "out of the Quaker faith". Son William married Complete _______ before 1680 Son Christopher d. 1706 at age 43 in St. Peter's All Saints Parish, leaving wife Mary, two sons -- Wm & Christopher and married dau Elizabeth (Clark) Williams. He adds this may be the "other" Christopher. The widow Mary d. 1715; her will includes dau Ann Flemming in addition to the other three children. Son Edward married Margaret Peake 27 MAY 1686 Son Thomas married Elizabeth Morehead 4 AUG 1689 According to Doug, based on the 1679/80 census, Michael's family was left with a combined 300 acres. [He speculates, Micajah as the eldest son, sold off his greater portion of Michael's estate -- as seen in the 1678/9 deed -- and left for Virginia.] Based on the right age and given names of children, by 1715 all of Michael's children had left the island except for son William. Whether they were deceased, as the above suggests some were, or left is not recorded in the extant records of the island. Over the years James McConnell revised his large chart showing the Ancestry of Capt. Christopher Clark many times. These are undated so are impossible to cite more specifically. On one preface he acknowledges that documentation probably does not ex ist to prove beyond doubt the father of Capt. Christopher. He then offers for future research the specific areas needing more work: (1) (not surprisingly) locating the specific passenger list for the Glasgow; (2) when exactly Michael migrated to Barbadoes--he thinks earlier than 1669 based on his extensive land holdings in 1678; and (3) what happened to Michael's other sons. In one place he says none came to the colonies, yet three sentences down he says both Edward and Francis went to Virginia in 1680/1. [If Doug is correct, Edward was still/back in Bar badoes in 1686. Personally, I think my biggest obstacle for Michael and Margaret in Capt. Christopher's line (and I think Kay Baganoff will agree) is the lack of those two given names in both Christopher's and (thanks to Elizabeth Harris) Francis's lines. Both the MOORMANs and CLARKs were great ones for naming children after people. It just seems that one descendant in two or three generations would have named at least one child after this couple. [In one of my lines, the MASON surname skipped three generations (and three dif- ferent surnames) before surfacing as part of a child's name.] EDWARD JOHNSON UPDATE JAN 1996 by Linda Starr There are at least two Edward Johnsons in the same area of VA at the same approximate time; we've got to determine which is the father of Penelope. The first candidate is the minor son of Mr. Edward Johnson. I believe all other references probably refer to Penelope's father--but which Edward is he? from VA Colonial Abstracts, Series 2, vol 5: York Co. Wills ... 1657-1659 by The Rev. Lindsay O. Duvall. MR. EDWARD JOHNSON -- deceased by 16 NOV 1657--apparently an Anglican minister because he baptised negro child SEP 1655 and is also mentioned in Parish Levy. His wife MARY left York Co. about this time [no indication to where]. Mr. Robert Baldrey was named guardian of EDWARD JOHNSON, minor son and heir of EDWARD dec'd. In 1655 a path to "Mr. Johnson's Quarter" is mentioned in land description lying in Hampton Parish ... upon Cheescake Path. ["Cheesecake" was a vulgar term for the church located a few miles from Williamsburg named Kiskiacke or Chiskiake after an In dian tribe on the York River--in Bruton Parish which was formed from parts of James City and Charles River Counties per Old Churches, Ministers and Families of VA, vol. 1, by Meade. Rightmyer offers this from Goodwin's The Colonial Church in VA.: The old parish was called Hampton or Chiskiack 1639/40 to 1690 when it was renamed Yorkhampton Parish, which continues as Yorktown. Charles Parish was est. down river in 1692. These are on the Rappahannock. New Kent Co. on the north bank of the James across the neck and upriver from York was est. 1654 and the parishes are Blissland and St. Peter's.] Thomas Rightmyer, working on a biographical directory of early clergy adds: This Edward was born c1621 if ordained at the usual age of 24. As yet, no one has determined WHICH, if any, of these references refer to this minister -- the one who matriculated pen- sioner Easter 1639 at Magdalene College, Cambridge; the Deacon 16 JUN 1644; or the Priest 9 APR 1645 by Bishop of Lincoln. Goodwin says he died in York Co. VA c1665, but above record proves it was earlier. We only know that the minor son of EDWARD is under 21 in 1657--he could be anywhere from an infant to an almost adult. It doesn't help that New Kent Co. VA was formed in 1654 from the James City part of York Co. from Bernard Schaaf, Biographical Sketches Capt. Christopher Clark and Penelope Johnson Clark, page 24, says the mother of PENELOPE was Elizabeth WALKER from the 1677 marriage record found in Blissland Parish, New Kent Co. Yet, from The Vestry Book of Blisland (Blissland) Parish, New Kent and James City Co. VA 1721-1786 by Chamberlayne, the only entry for Edward Johnson in the index is: 2 APR 1677 EDWARD JOHNSON was one of signers to list of grievances to King's Commissioners who had come to investigate the causes of the Rebellion of that year. Other signers of inter- est to us were Peter Masie, Thomas Moorman and Richmond Terrell. [I plan to look at the book again to see if the index failed to note those names which appear on alphabetized marriage/birth records. Is there another Blissland Parish book? LSS] per The Quit Rents of VA 1704 by Smith: JOHNSON, Edward of New Kent Co. taxed on 150 Acres. from The Vestry Book & Register of St. Peter's Parish, New Kent Co. & James City Co. 1684-1786 by Chamberlayne. Children of EDWARD JOHNSON and wife Elizabeth Thomas b. 1680 Elizabeth b. 1682 PENELOPE b. 1684 Rachell b. 1686-7 Rebecka b. 1698 Benjamin b. 1701 Edward was "ordered to possession" in 1689 with family surnames who intermarry with the CLARK, MOORMAN, and JOHNSONs. from Lorand Johnson's The Ancestors of William and John Johnson: Johnston of Caskieben, Crimond, and Cayesmill which is largely uncited material--although since much is photocopied directly from published books, it isn't as suspect as if he'd typed a new manuscript.: p. 171 Chn of Edward and Elizabeth (Walker) Anthony b. 1678 Thomas b. 1680 Elizabeth b. 1682 PENELOPE b. 1684 m. Christopher Clark Rachel b. 1686 Arthur m. Margaret Phares John (Blissland Parish) Michael m. Sarah Rebecca b. 1698 Benjamin b. 1702 m. Margery Massie William b. 1703 m. Ann Chew Johnson's explanation for the additional children is that Edward only baptized his children in the Anglican church in those years when people were fined for not doing so. Johnson book continued for "proving" the gateway Johnstons: p135 under "The Inverurie Quakers" -- JAMES JOHNSTON and his brother GEORGE, sons of Dr. Arthur Johnson (and nephews of Elizabeth the Quakeress, the second wife of Apostate George Keith ... [the rest shows similarity of surnames of Quakers in Inverurie and Quakers in Accomac Co. VA.] There is a James JOHNSTON in Nansemond Co. 1682 per Early Quaker Records in VA by Miles White Jr. Decrepancies between Johnston book and others re: George Keith: Cradle of the Republic by Tyler, page 145 says George Keith was born in Aberdeen ... was a Quaker BEFORE joining Church of England and emigrating to colonies 1689. As an evangelist for the "Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts", George Keith preached at the Jamestown Church 25 APR 1703 per James Blair of VA by Parke Rouse Jr. Lorand Johnson, p140: In 1676-77 (O.S.) [George] Keith sailed from Edinburgh for the yearly meeting in England accompanied by his wife, Elizabeth, her cousin Edward (son of Dr. Arthur Johnston) and Keith's daughter (who m. George Walker). After the yearly meeting ... Elizabeth's relatives were escorted to VA by William Edmundson who was returning to VA (see p. 121) [This refers us to chart showing Elizabeth as daughter Dr. William Johnston, brother of Dr. Arthur Johnston.] Shaftsbury as Penelope's father/grandfather: Per Vashti, "tradition says one of the grandfathers or great grandfathers of PENELOPE Clark, wife of Christopher, was the first Earl of Shaftsbury." [Dr. Lorand Johnson attempted to show him as a likely father of Sarah and Lucretia MASSIE who married William and John Johnston in New Kent Co. late 1600's. Lord Ashley had three marriages, but none of his wives are named. LSS] per Appendix A (Dr.Johnson book), pages 156-163 gives good his tory of Lord Ashley, who was made one of proprietors of Carolina the Spring of 1665; he persauded Quakers to go to Carolina early 1670's. About this time he became Earl of Shaftsbury although the text never says so directly. He went out of royal favor, es caped to Holland under name of Johnson. According to the World Book Ency, Anthony Ashley Cooper (1621 1683) Earl of Shaftesbury, an English statesman, secured passage of Habeas Corpus Act in 1679 ... he became prominent under Crom well ... [then] helped plan the restoration of the monarchy. King Charles II made him Baron Ashley, Earl of Shaftesbury and Lord Chancellor. After 1679 he became involved in a plot against the king and escaped to Netherlands. from Immigrant Ancestors edited by Frederick Virkus. extracted from vol VII Compendium of American Genelogies 1980: [I under stand the Colo. Dames 17th Century do not consider this work as a "sole source"] Christopher Clark m. c1709 Penelope (d. post 1754), dau EDWARD JOHNSON. ******************** I have no real problem with Penelope being a JOHNSON, for I believe Schaaf builds a good "preponderance of evidence" case. However, I think we might look at various indexes (which give first names along with surnames) to see just how many other "Penelope's" are in this area of VA who could, just as well, be the dau of Edward and Elizabeth Johnson! It's Edward Johnson, her father, as son of Dr. Arthur which troubles me most. Those researchers who dismiss BOLLING as her surname because of the lack of PENELOPEs in that line, could make the same case for Dr. Arthur's line. PENELOPE, RACHEL and REBECCA are not found in this JOHNSTON line; neither is BENJAMIN. [Lorand Johnson didn't give enough WALKER family names to see if these names appear in that line.] Until something else appears, my personal view is, Edward as son of Dr. Arthur Johnston is wishful thinking by people who want Dr. Arthur on their family tree. Page 174 [Bernard Schaaf's sketch Biographical Sketch of Arthur Johnston M. D., appearing in Scottish-American Genealogist, vol. VII, No. 1-4] says it all un der Birth of son Edward: "there is no direct proof of his birth and parentage in any of the surviving records in either Aberdeen shire, Scotland, or in Oxfordshire, England." Even though reasons for this are offered in his sketch on Edward and Elizabeth (Walker), Schaaf's comments have to stand: (page 184, Ibid): "Specific references to primary sources are given when known, but unfortunately most of the information about Edward is from secondary and tertiary sources. Many years of research by Lorand V. Johnson...have failed to locate any mention of Edward Johnston/Johnston in any of the civil, Anglican, or Quaker records..." [He then comments on Dr. Johnson's two books] "both books contain a large accumulation of unattributed material." Continuing page 185: "Dr. L. V. Johnson has gone to con siderable personal expense and trouble to try to find some source document which would verify that Edward Johnson of New Kent Co. was indeed the son of Dr. Arthur Johnston ... he has conducted expensive searches in VA, Scotland and England over nearly fifty years, but without success ... including translation and transcription of every sasine (deed) for any Johnston in Aberdeen- shire, all the surviving Johnston records from New Leslie ... and all the extant wills and court records for Oxford ... [explaining the reasons "why"] ... Johnston and his son-in-law [were] both highly prominent Royalists and Anglicans, ...it is highly prob able that any pertienent records in Oxford ... were destroyed by Oliver Cromwell's victorious Puritans. Or it may be that the family itself suppressed any reords to try to prevent reprisals from the Puritans..." Did they think the Puritans would do harm to the baby? Schaaf goes on to say even if proof is found that Dr. Arthur had a son named Edward, we would still have to find the proof HE was Penelope's father. He found at least three other Edward Johnson's who had come to VA before 1676 and some 200 JOHNSON im migrants before 1666 (per Nugent), any one of whom could have fathered the Edward of Blissland and St. Peter's Parish.