ANTHOVRV [This report will be a treat for everyone who enjoys British and European history. Please join me in welcoming Arlene ANTHONY to our growing group of researchers willing to share their findings with others. I added the title and subheadings. LSS.] An OVERVIEW of the ANTHONY Families in British and European History by Arlene Anthony AUG 1997 May I make a couple of notes to you ... and to whomever gets this. I will try to check my spelling and grammar, but please be understanding ... I have two cataracts at different stages of development. They need to go, but because of glaucoma and previ- ous retinal detachments, we are letting them go as long as pos- sible. It is difficult for me to reread my notes, so bear with me... I started my ANTHONY research about 1991 with a few handwritten notes from my husband's family. Much of what he had was in con- flict. There was the usual VA story of Mark Anthony, captured by pirates, as documented by Nancy Anthony Jacobs in _Anthony Roots and Branches_. Also the well-known story of John Anthony who came from London to Mass and RI in the Hercules. I then found the Allard Anthony of New Amsterdam, friend of Peter Styvansant (sic). Don (my husband) told me that two great aunts swore that Susan B. was a cousin, but according to everything I found they were two different families. The VA Anthonys (from whence he came) supposedly came from Mark the Italian pirate (or slave, or whatever, depending on the story you choose to accept.) As my research continues I found that several surnames were com- mon to the RI Anthonys and the VA Anthonys: TIMBERLAKE, CLARK, etc. As I continued to probe, I found that there were TWO major Anthony families that were from England, involved in early land grants in VA and RI, not one. I also found that the New York Anthonys shared common friends, religion and marriages with the VA and RI families. I started looking for really concrete connec- tions and new information. Fortunately we have been able to spend several months during this time in England and Europe, and I have come to several conclusions ... some rather unusual, some not proved as yet, but all giving a lot of new light on the Anthonys. I do believe that the NY, RI and VA families are loosely related. I believe that they lived in the Low Countries (Holland, Belgium, Germany) from at least 1450 on, with several families emigrating to England. I also believe that they were probably from the Iberian countries prior to this, some possibly from Italy. They came to England for several reasons: religious ... seeking freedom as evidenced in some very early wills ... business ... (they were part of a contract labor package negotiated by the Crown and a German company, formed to run the Royal Mint when it was consolidated into the Tower -- I spent an afternoon with the Head Archivist and Librarian at the Tower of London, who was a wealth of information) and as businessmen, expanding their markets to England. The Anthony family became important about 1525 to the Royal family in several areas. Dionysis and John ANTHONY The earliest Anthonys I have found with contacts in England are a father and son from Venice, Italy. Dionysis Anthony, a trader, who has a contract to supply wine ... Malvasy, (what we call Malmsey). He conplained that he has had a load of wine hijacked and the culprits are from Southhampton. Interestingly, in about 1475, his son John Anthony, now living in Nigro, (this is a port city right outside of Vigo, northern Spain, an international freeport of the day) complains of the same problem. He is described as a Venetian, running Genoese carricks, a type of ship that evolved into the galleon. The carrick involved is the Santa Maria della Gratia. He also has an office or agent in Southhampton. It seems as if he ends up living in Southhampton, but I cannot find really substantial proof of this. Both of these complaints are dealt with by the crown. At about 1470 there begins a small emigration of Anthonys from the Lowlands. The same names occur over and over ... John, Henry, William, Anthony An- thony. If you start charting the alien records (names, where they lived, and alien subsidies paid) and check these with other avail- able records, it is possible to define several of these people, who they lived with, servant names and where they moved. Two are very interesting... William ANTHONY, the Brewer and his line William, the Brewer. He is often confused with the William, sup- posed father of Derrick Anthony, chief engraver of the Mint ... probably because Charles L. Anthony published a book in 1904 stat- ing this. However, this William Anthony was a Brewer from Hol- land, and father of Anthony Anthony very famous, who along with Charles FLEMING was Head of Naval Ordnance. He dies in 1535, leaving a very complete will. His son, Anthony Anthony, is famous for his Anthony Rolls -- sketches of all of Henry VIII's warships, including the Mary Rose, and the Jesus of Lubeck and Judith, (which I will mention later). The Anthony Anthony Rolls as they are called are in Cambridge Library now. I never did get into see them, but I will. If you have a genealogy with a William Anthony, father of Derrick, dies 1535, this is wrong. It will probably say that he was born in 1495 .... nope! What you have is the misinterpretation of William the Brewer who states he has lived in London for Forty years. IN ADDITION, he receives his denization papers in 1503 as an adult. I found him in the deniza- tion records (which means he may become a denizen or resident of London upon payment of a fee (fine). He is a very wealthy man; he pays lots of taxes over the years, has lots of servants. Son Anthony has the official title of Master Gunner as well. Sara Bailey, the librarian of the Tower wrote a monograph on Anthony ... says he was double dipping for salaries .... Anthony Anthony travels all over, Calais (the English outpost in France) and Ireland where he seems to have a second family and has charge of paying troops, buying armaments, etc. He was quite valuable to Henry VIII. John ANTHONY, Goldsmith Another interesting Anthony was John ... remember this one. He starts out a goldsmith in Whitechapel. He is from Germany (the Lowlands, marries an English woman ... and becomes the secretary to Thomas Cramner. He got a huge contract from Henry VIII (500 PDS) to run the program to destroy the convents, abbeys, churches, etc. in the area around Kent and Canterbury. He evi- dently highgraded the goodstuff, sending it on to Cramner and Henry VIII before destroying the buildings. Nice guy. He later is rewarded with large estates in Devon. He definitely knew Lord and Lady Lisle; they speak of him in their letters. He used the Alias of JOHNSON and was high profile. He has left a will I can't get my hands on, but I will. It is in a private collection, it seems. There is a Henry Anthony who thanks God in his will for being in England and Religious freedom. Several other early Anthonys, a shoemaker, a couple of Tailors, and an interesting Mark Anthony who was a Sagbut player for the Crown (some type of a trumpet). Derrick ANTHONY When I checked the appentice book at the Goldsmiths guild, which they were kind enough to allow me to handle, etc, I was fortunate enough to be able to review every Anthony entry. It is interest ing to actually see their handwriting, written in Latin. (I should mention that I taught Latin in my other life, so it was doubly interesting.) They index all the names in the appentice book on 3 by 5 index cards. The very first name was a Paul An- thony ... 148? However, as we looked at it, we decided that the name was Austin, not Anthony ... so the first is Derrick, Son of William (well, maybe), but certainly NOT the Brewer. Derrick was born in London 1522, St. Katherines by the Tower and was apprenticed to the Goldsmiths at age 13. He signed the appren- tice book in very clear script. However, he leaves the guild al- most immediately (I don't think this has been known before). Der- rick left England for Portugal, most likely because it was the center of the Great gold artisans to learn gold filigree. Whatever, when he returns to England it is to take the post of Chief Engraver to the Mint ... which was contracted to a German company. Think about that one! His denization papers ... for he had left England many years before and now is returning ... give a physical description: dark, dirty (that's what it says) and Egyptian. This would refer to his national heritage. The best authorities I can find tell me that this means that he is either of Romany or Sephardic Jewish background. It seems that the Ger- man Company may also have had the same heritage. The best guess is that they went from Spain to the Lowlands during the Inquisi- tion. When Spain conquered the Lowlands, many came to England. This is only supposition; however, it seems that the New York An- thonys (who I will get to later) are reputed to be of Spanish origins as well. But that is much later ... Derrick became the Chief Engraver to the Mint; he was also a crown jeweler to Queen Elizabeth I. He started the first public lottery in England. His residence was on Foster Lane at the sign of the King, later the Queen. Foster Lane is the side street, run- ning between the Goldsmiths Guild and St. Vedest Foster Church. He moved his home once, with the agreement that the guild would pay for redoing his foundry in the garden if he would do the labor. (from the accounting records of the guild) There are a couple of examples of Anthony coins from that period still ex- tant. He also started the custom of putting serrated edges on the coins so that they could not be shortweighted by clipping. Enough for now ... this is narrative at first since we are still in the 1500's England. Nicholas ANTHONY There is a fascinating Anthony by the name of Nicholas. He was the boatswain (crew chief) of several ships until be became cap- tain and master. Our neighbor teaches maritime history and science, among other things, at the CA Maritime Academy, so he is my consultant on all things maritime. He tells me that in those days (1560-on) a boatswain was probably a very tough individual, as he enforced the discipline on the ship. Nicholas has deniza- tion papers too, along with a couple of other Anthonys, Cornelius being one. They are described as dark-skinned as well. Nicholas leaves a very wide trail. He was with Sebastian Cabot (John's brother) when he tried to find the Northwest Passage and was frozen in somewhere in the Arctic. All hands died, but a for- tunate few got off before the final assault, and lived, includ- ing, Nicholas. He was just a crew person. The Cabots were Italian .... Nicholas then was the boatswain on the Judith, the ship that Fran- cis Drake commanded for his "cousin" John Hawkins on the infamous third slaving voyage. (I met a man in the National Maritime Museum Library at Greenwich, writing a book about one of the crew; he gave me some good leads on Nicholas or I never would have found all this.) Nicholas was a favorite of Hawkins and Drake because of his fluency in Portugese and Spanish. He escaped the slaughter at San Juan del Ulla, and later became the captain and master of the Marigold under Drake during the circumnaviga- tion. He was lost in a storm off Chile. His son Ethan left a will; I haven't got my hands on it yet either. Nicholas seems to be related to the William Anthony, John Anthony and Thomas Anthony who were captains of several ships, including the Mayflower (probably not the one you are thinking of), where William died fighting the Spanish. I will put them in perspective in the Derrick line. William and John were cap- tains of two of the three ships of George Clifford, Earl of Cum- berland, favorite of Queen E I and all around profligate son. He had a license as a privateer, and his ships were generally sail ing out of the Azores, following a route from the Azores to Sierra Leone on the Ivory Coast, catching the wind to South America, down by the Rio Plato, and return ... trading, pillag- ing, and whatever. There are some very interesting logs of these journeys. At the same time in Holland, several Anthonys -- Segar, Cornelius, and Jan -- were sea captains as well, plying barges and ships along the coast. I guess what I am trying to do here is to show you that there were ANTHONY surnamed people of high enough profile to have their exploits continue through history. And all were loosely connected. Also there was a James Anthony who was a purveyor of several commodities to the Crown -- mostly starch which came from Genoa, and wine. Also he sold bolts, screws and metal work for armament to the Ordnance. (Anthony An- thony was in charge here.) Return to Derrick ANTHONY and his Line This may seem like irrevelant background, but it does all come together. Derrick had two wives: one Elizaabeth ERLE and the other Margaret RIDGE. What is really interesting is that an Ed- ward Ridge is the rector of St. Vedest Foster Church, some 200 feet from his residence on Foster Lane. Margaret and Derrick AN- THONY have several children, including the aforementioned Wil- liam and John who were sailing under the aegis of George Clifford as privateers (spell that pirate). For some interesting read ing, find their ships' logs in Haklyut. They were young men at the time, in their 20's. Their cousin Thomas is the other An- thony mentioned on their treks. Derrick's son, "Crazy Doc" Son Francis is the oldest son of Elizabeth Erle and Derrick. He is referenced as being a noted physician as well as quack. Neither seems correct. He studied at Oxford, receiving a degree in chemistry (probably majoring in alchemy; remember Daddy is a a goldsmith). He then went to Hamburg and took a degree in medicine. (I have not seen this published before, but found it in the Royal College of Surgeons Archives on Regent Lane.) Hamburg becomes important later on. He invented two magic potions and sold them as Aurum Potabile, drinkable gold: one to make you vomit, the other as a laxative. His formula is in the records at the archives. Basically a distillation of gold, tin, and mercury, dissolved in Malvasy wine. It killed a lot of patients evidently, as after six months he was put into the slammer for practicing medicine without a license. He was fined and released but ended up there again for the same reason, only this time in the Tower. He was also a member of the Goldsmiths Guild. I can just picture him sweeping up the gold dust and funneling it into his wine. His will is quite interesting. I actually got my hands on it up in the public records office, courtesy of a Mr. Collett-White, who is writing a book from the diaries of a Mark Anthony, a de- scendant of this family, who was a factotum for a family in Lin- coln. I lucked out in just hitting on a second person, by chance, who recognized the name. (The first being the fellow in the Maritime Museum, who told me more about Nicholas.) What is particularly interesting is one witness, Sir S. LeSure ... odd name. Several major treatises were written by various MD's against Francis. Francis writes two defenses. If you are near a MAJOR university library, find one under the microfilmed series of Old English Books before 1675. I found the original in the British Musuem. It took getting a research pass. At the end of the second defense, there is a whole group of tes- timonials, including one from Sir Stephen LeSure, the ambassador from the Crown to Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor. Francis traveled in heady circles. There were several other high profile names. I am going to try to trace them down, as to address and position. The LeSure family did live in the St. Barthalamew, the Great parish, as did Francis. Somewhere I acually have his address. His third wife actually got in trouble by smuggling some of the elixer into the Tower to Francis. About his wives ... the first was Alice HAWES, sometimes written as Howe, but definitely Hawes. Her family were in shipping, and they are involved in several lawsuits together according to the records. He and Charles Anthony (his son) and the HAWESes were also involved in transplanting soldiers to the Lowlands. There is a court case about not getting paid. I haven't read it yet, but will next time I get to England. His third wife is the really interesting one, Elizabeth LANTE. She is a clue in a very interesting mystery .... "Cousin" John ANTHONY, Merchant of Exeter In trying to find where Elizabeth Lante came from, I discovered cousin John Anthony down in Exeter, who will from now on be called John, the Merchant of Exeter. John of Exeter is a VERY wealthy merchant of Exeter, in Devon, who occurs out of nowhere. He is the owner of the Red Lion, among other ships, a very large galleon-type ship. He is a member of the city council, has several children including Edward, the famous GOLDSMITH of Ex- eter. By the way. his second wife is Hannah CLARKE, sister of the Sheriff of Exeter, Christopher CLARKE. Elizabeth Lante is the widow of Thomas Lante, of Exeter, and neighbor of John Anthony. Before we go back to Francis, there are a couple of things we need to know about John the merchant, Han- nah and Edward. John died and left his widow Hannah land in Vir- gina. Edward evidently came to Virginia to look it over at least once. Edward, Hannah and Christopher Clarke were strong sup- porters of Cromwell -- so strong that Hannah's kitchen on High Street (now the main street in Exeter) was where everyone brought their silverplate to be melted down to help the cause (although Christies has actually auctioned an Anthony spoon). The ANTHONYs, CLARKE, CANDLERs (note that name), Parkers, Flem- ings, Perrys, West, and several other families were involved in land lotteries under the Cromwell era, ... putting together money to buy up land in Ireland, about Waterford, running off the peasants, and putting it to their own use. The return of Charles II stopped this. However, some members of the family actually moved to Ireland. Hannah left her will and mentions Bar- thalamew, a son who is "across the seas" ... and Lawrence, who was scheduled to go on the Mayflower, but doesn't. He lives in St. Lawrence Poultry Parish in London and his wife is PG when the ship sails. However, Lawrence is a stockholder in the Mayflower Co. Several books will tell you that Lawrence Anthony is unknown, but all they have to do is read the notes in the Exeter Public Records office. One last note about these prople for a while. Edward the Goldsmith has a son, Mark, who is mentioned in Waters', _Genealogical Gleanings in England_ as an apprentice of John Parker, haberdasher. Indeed, his record is in the guild records as an apprentice. John dies and wife Anne signs Mark off. Mark seems to go to Holland with Mark Parker, John and Anne Parker's son. These are the same Parkers that are involved in the Land grab in Ireland. The Parkers are very good friends of Bishop Fel- ton of Ely, (near Cambridge) all very pro-Cromwell people. I men- tion this because Edward also has a son named Edward, who has a child that he names Mark as well. This Mark goes to Cambridge and becomes a curate and later a rector of a church in Ely. He marries a girl named BEKE. Remember that name as the Bekes are Quakers in Barbados ... New England Connections One last interesting note. There is a fascinating book in the British Museum called _Ebeneezer or the Tender Mercies of God_ written by William Oakley in 1675. He tells the story of travel ing to Providence Island (not New Providence where Nassau is lo- cated, but his is owned by Columbia). It was a site of a round- head settlement, but within 5 years became a pirate lair in the 1630's. Great story. The ship was picked up off Land's End by Corsairs. William and shipmates are taken to Algeria where they are enslaved. There he meets a John Anthony, who is also enslaved. With several other men, they build a boat and escape. One of the men is a John Jopes (who sails with John Anthony, of the Exeter Anthonys, but not John the Merchant.) It takes 75 pages and several interesting drawings to tell of the escape, but they make it to Majorca, Spain, and home with several escapades. Back to Francis in London; he is supposedly buried under the floor of St. Barthalamews, but the sexton says he isn't there. Who knows? John, son of "Crazy Doc" Francis ANTHONY His son John, is also an MD. ... legal, so he can legally sell the snake oil elixer. I found the history of St. Barthalomews which states that his first wife died a long lingering death. I wonder if she drank the potion? He had a second wife, Sary Hilts. John had six children: John, Jr. who married Susan Potter. Her sister Isabel, (Elizabeth) married his brother, Robert. John, Jr. and wife sail on the Hercules to Mass and end up in Rhode Is land. That line is well documented because of Susan B. But I have volumes of good things. We went back to Providence and New England last year. He was too far out for the Boston non-conformists and went with Roger Williams. This is also important. Henry TIMBERLAKE ... we will get back to him ... had a son who married one of John, Jrs.' daughters. What is not known is that Isabel and Robert went to Long Island. Their family records are in the Coventry Public record office. (We were going north and I needed to make a pit stop so natually we chose the public record office in Coventry. My husband knows we have to search every surname index and will index in every town we go through. Their father, Thomas was a haberdasher and a supporter of Cromwell, altho well-favored by Charles II or so goes the note ... Charles ANTHONY, brother of "Crazy Doc" Just a note about the Virginia Company. Francis was a stock holder as was his brother Charles. So was Henry Timberlake. Henry was a baker, from Titchfield in Devon. Charles was the (Whoops, in my last note I said Charles was his son, I meant brother) ... He had a son Charles, but he was a Physician in Bed- ford. Back to Francis and brother Charles. When Derrick died, Charles, his son took over. Charles designed the Great Seal of England. Charles had a son, Edward who was Clerk of the Signet Office for a while. There is a fascinating series of notes in the State Calender of papers about Edward. He, along with his buddy ? Lake, son of Sir Thomas Lake, were embezzling money from the office. Charles had another son Thomas, who followed his father in office but was replaced after a short while. Is this the Thomas Anthony who came to Elizabethtown in 1634 with Martin's Hundred? Prob- ably ... Francis and Charles refer to their land in Virginia in their wills. Whoever the Thomas was who came here, he already has a land grant. Family member Andrew also comes over and claims a grant. Most interesting is the Nicholas MERIWETHER con nection who apparently marries a THORNTON, as do two of the An- thonys back in London. CANDLER Connection Please remember the CANDLERs who are in land lotteries with the Exeter Anthonys. William Candler's first wife is Elizabeth AN- THONY. Four generations LATER William Candler marries an Elizabeth Anthony. The first Candler's Child is Mary Candler who is the wife of Zach MOORMAN. Several lines show Ann, the widow of John Villiers of the Buckingham family, as the mother of Mary. But the dates don't work. Mary was born well before the Civil War, in which John is killed, and leaves Anne a widow. This is well documented in the Irish Privy Council Minutes. Lastly, I apologize again for the terrible typing and spelling, but with my nasty cataracts, it is difficult to see anything but a blur on the screen. I can't read my notes and type, so what you are getting is off of the top of my head. I have all of this docu- mented in six file cabinets. By the way ... Dave Goodwin is the person to talk to about the CLARKs ... and do not confuse Christopher Clark in Exeter with Christopher Clark in VA ... obviously a relative, wrong genera- tion.