Person Page - 351

     Also called comte de Limbourg Valeran II d' Arlon.³ Walram II, Graf von Arlon-Limburg was born circa 1035. He was the son of Walram I, Graf von Arlon-Limburg and Adelheid von Lothringen.² Walram II, Graf von Arlon-Limburg married Jutta, Erbin von Limburg, Gräfin von Arlon, daughter of Friedrich II, Herzog von Nieder-Lothringen and Gerberge de Boulogne, between 1060 and 1061.^2,4,5 Walram II, Graf von Arlon-Limburg succeeded his father to the duchy of Limbourg in 1061. He was built the Castle of Limbourg in 1064 at Limbourg, Liège, Wallonia, Belgium. 2nd Count Limbourg at Lower Lorraine, Holy Roman Empire, between 1066 and 1082.⁶ He died before 1082.^2,7

     Ida von Elsdorf was born in 1020.² She was the daughter of Liudolf, Graf von Braunschweig and Gertrude van Holland, Gräfin von Braunschweig.^1,2 Ida von Elsdorf married Leopold I "der Starke", Markgraf der ungarischen Mark, son of Adalbert I "der Siegreiche", Markgraf von Österreich and Glismode von Westsachsen, before 1043.¹ Ida von Elsdorf died before 1082.²

     Petrislav, Grand Zupan of Rassa was son of Michael by his second wife, only brother of four to produce heirs.¹ He was born circa 1034?. He was the son of Mihailo Vojislavici, knez Duklje and N. N. of Byzantium.^2,1 Petrislav, Grand Zupan of Rassa was installed by his father as grand prince of Serbia.³ Zupan of Srpsko Zagorje between 1060 and 1083.^2,4 He died circa 1082.²

     Also called Mihailo I of Zeta.³ Ban of Duklja.⁴ A member of ruling the house of Duklja, usually called Vojislavici (descendants of Voislav).¹ Also called Michael of Duklja. Mihailo Vojislavici, knez Duklje was born circa 1015. He was the son of Stefan Vojislav, knez Duklje and N. N. Kometopoulos.² Mihailo Vojislavici, knez Duklje was married twice, once to a niece of an undetermined Byzantine Emperor.² He married Neda Dukljanina, daughter of knez Duklje Jovan Vladimir Dukljanina and Teodora Kosara Kometopoulos; His 1st.^5,3 Mihailo Vojislavici, knez Duklje had seven sons by his first wife whose names were these: Vladimir, Priaslav, Sergius, Deria, Gabriel, Miroslav and Bodin.⁵ King of Duklja at (Montenegro), Balkan Peninsula, between 1047 and 1081.^2,1 He received the kingdom only after his mother's death, for so long as his mother lived, he and his brothers were only called princes (knesii) [knesius=knez in Slavonic].⁵ He found it favorable to further strengthen ties with Byzantium around, gaining a patrician title and marriage to a Greek princess in the process, in 1052.⁶ He married N. N. of Byzantium in 1052; His 2nd.^5,7 Mihailo Vojislavici, knez Duklje four further sons by his 2nd wife, a relative of the Greek emperor, namely Dobroslav, second Petrislav, third Nicephorus, fourth Theodorus.⁵ He broke his neutrality towards Byzantium, now beset by troubles to the east, and sent off troops under his son Bodin to aid the rebel Slavs in Macedonia, upon their request, in 1071.⁶ He is not satisfied with the election of Slavac and seceded from the Croatian state and proclaimed himself the autonomous ruler of South Croatia in 1074.⁴ He was granted a royal title by Pope Gregory VI, who in the aftertmath of the Church schism of 1054 had an interest in bestowing these on rulers in the rift area, before 1077.^2,6 He added Zahumlje (a large Bosnian territory) to his lands after 1077.² He was the predecessor of knez Duklje Konstantin Bodin Vojislavici; King of Zeta.⁸ Mihailo Vojislavici, knez Duklje died circa 1082. He died after he had reigned for 35 years.^2,5 . He was entombed with great ceremony in the monastery of the Martyr Saints Sergius and Bacchus.⁵

     Also called Dietrich I Flamens German.⁴ Dirk "de Rossige", Graaf van de Veluwe was born circa 1033. He was the son of Gerardus II Flamensis, Heer van Wassenberg.³ Graaf van de Veluwe between 1058 and 1079.³ Dirk "de Rossige", Graaf van de Veluwe was a faithful supporter of the Emperor Henry IV, and thereby an enemy of Duke Godfried IV of Bouillon-Lothringen.⁴ He died in 1082 at Bouillon, Luxembourg. Died a captive.² Dirk "de Rossige", Graaf van de Veluwe was buried in the Abbey of St. Hubert's, Ardennes, Belgium. "Founded in honour of Saint Hubert, the patron saint of hunting, Saint Hubert's Basilica (Basilique St-Hubert) is an impressive abbey church with a 16th-century late Gothic interior and an 18th-century baroque façade. The interior was sacked by Protestants in the 16th century, and little survives apart from a Retable of the Passion. The festival of Saint Hubert, who was buried in the abbey, is celebrated every year in November."⁵ He was the predecessor of Gerhard I "de Lange", Graaf van Wassenberg en Gelder; Graf von Geldern.⁴

     King of Sevilla, Muhammad II Abu 'Amr 'Abbad al-Mu'tadid ibn Muhammad al-Isbili was born in 1004. He was the son of King of Sevilla Abu al-Qasim Muhammad I ibn 'Abbad al-Isbili.³ King of Sevilla, Muhammad II Abu 'Amr 'Abbad al-Mu'tadid ibn Muhammad al-Isbili married N. N. bint Mujahid ibn Yusuf al-Daniyya, daughter of Mujahid ibn Yusub al-Dani, before 1027.⁴ King of Sevilla, Muhammad II Abu 'Amr 'Abbad al-Mu'tadid ibn Muhammad al-Isbili greatly enlarged the domains of Seville by forcibly annexing the minor kingdoms of Mertola, Niebla, Huelva, Saltés, Silves, and Santa María de Algarve after 1042.² King of Seville at Andalucia, Spain, between 1042 and 1069. He was a poet and a patron of poets, but also had a reputation for ruthlessness and cruely.² He suffocated a number of Berber chiefs of southern Andalusia in a steam bath in Seville and then seized their kingdoms of Arcos, Morón, and Ronda in 1053.² He was a witness where García Fernández, rey de Galicia sent into exile to the Moorish court at Seville in 1071.² King of Sevilla, Muhammad II Abu 'Amr 'Abbad al-Mu'tadid ibn Muhammad al-Isbili was unable to assist 'Abd Allah of Córdoba when the latter was beseiged by Alfonso VI in 1074 at summer.⁵ He died in 1082 at age 78 years.¹

     Also called Baldwin "the Advocate" de Gant.² Seigneur d'Alost Baudouin I de Gand married Ode (?).¹ Seigneur d'Alost Baudouin I de Gand was born before 1030.² He was the son of Raoul de Gand, seigneur d'Alost and Gisela von Lothringen.² Seigneur d'Alost Baudouin I de Gand witnessed a charter of St. Peter of Mount Blandin in 1046 at Ghent, East Flanders, Belgium.² He and Raoul de Gand, seigneur d'Alost attested a charter of the abbey of St. Peter of Mount Blandin in 1052 at Ghent, East Flanders, Belgium.² Seigneur d'Alost Baudouin I de Gand succeeded his father as advocate of St. Peter of Mount Blandin in 1058 at Ghent, East Flanders, Belgium.² He was a witness where Gislebert I de Gand, seigneur de Folquingham witnessed a transaction, and described as having come from England as the brother of Baldwin of Ghent, in 1075 at Watten abbey, Nord, Flanders, France.³ Seigneur d'Alost Baudouin I de Gand died in 1082.²

     Richard le Goz, vicomte d' Avranches was "Earl of Aurenches and Viscount of Albania".⁵ He was born circa 1025 at Avranches, France.¹ He was the son of Thurstan le Goz, vicomte d' Avranches and Judith de Montanolier.^1,4,2 Richard le Goz, vicomte d' Avranches naturally recovered the lands forfeited by his father and bestowed on his mother-in-law, and acquired also much property in the Avranchin, of which he obtained the Vicomté, in addition to that of the Hiemois, by his "fortunate marriage" to Emma. He married Emma de Conteville, daughter of Herluin de Conteville and Herlève de Falaise, before 1040 at Normandy, France.^2,5 Vicomte of Avranchin and the Hiemois at Normandy.⁵ Richard le Goz, vicomte d' Avranches managed to avoid being implicated in the rebellion of his father, but obtained his pardon and restoration, in 1041.² Viscount of Avranches at Normandy, France.⁴ He witnessed a charter in 1064.¹ He witnessed another charter in 1066.¹ He was a witness where Roger de Montgomery, Earl of Shrewsbury drafted a charter in favour of St. Stephen's at Caen in 1082. Richard le Goz, vicomte d' Avranches died after 1082.^2,1 He was the predecessor of Hugh "Vras", 2nd Earl of Chester; Viscount of Avranches.⁶

     Mariano I, Giudice di Torres was born say 1050. He was the son of Andrea "Tanca", Giudice di Torres.¹ Mariano I, Giudice di Torres married Susanna de Zori.¹ Mariano I, Giudice di Torres died after 18 March 1082.¹

     Graf im Ennstal Adalbero "der Rauhe" von Steiermark was born circa 1046. He was the son of Markgraf von Steiermark Otakar I von Steiermark and Markgräfin der Kärntner Mark Willibirg von Eppenstein.¹ Graf im Ennstal at Austria.¹ Graf im Ennstal Adalbero "der Rauhe" von Steiermark died on 22 November 1082. He was murdered.¹

     Also called Maud Talvas. Also called Mabel.³ Also called Mabel d' Alençon.⁴ Mabille de Bellême, comtesse d'Alençon was born circa 1005. She was the daughter of Guillaume II "Talvas", comte d'Alençon and Hildeburge (?).^2,1 Mabille de Bellême, comtesse d'Alençon married Roger de Montgomery, Earl of Shrewsbury, son of seigneur de Montgommery Hugues de Montgomery and Josseline de Beaumont.⁵ Mabille de Bellême, comtesse d'Alençon was "of small height, [grande babillarde], very artificial, strongly inclined to evil, disposed to [enjouce], bold, given to cruel excess" according to her contemporaries William de Jumieges and Orderic Vital.⁵ She died before 5 December 1082. "Amongst her victims was Hugh de la Roche d'lgé, in the Canton de Belesme, from whom she had wrested his castle on the rock, and had deprived of the inheritance of the lands of his fathers. In the extremity of his distress he undertook a desperate enterprise. With the assistance of his three brothers, men of undaunted courage, he forced an entry by night into the chamber of the Countess (for such was her rank at that time) at a place called Bures, on the Dive, near Froarn, and severed her head from her body as she lay in bed after having taken a bath."⁶ Mabille de Bellême, comtesse d'Alençon was buried in Froarn, Normandy.⁶

     Ramón Berenguer II "Cabeza de Estopa", conde de Barcelona was known as Cap d'Estopa, "towhead," from the thickness and colour of his hair.⁴ Ramón Berenguer II "Cabeza de Estopa", conde de Barcelona also went by the name of Ramon Berenguer "the Towhead" of Barcelona.¹ He was born circa 1053.¹ He was the son of Ramón Berenguer I "el Viejo", conde de Barcelona and Adelmodie de la Marche.¹ Ramón Berenguer II "Cabeza de Estopa", conde de Barcelona succeeded his father to the county of Barcelona, to co-rule with his brother, in 1076. Count of Barcelona at Catalonia between 1076 and 1082.^5,1 He married Maud de Hauteville, daughter of Robert "Guiscard", duc d' Apulia and Sichelgaita of Salerno, in 1078; Her 1st. She went on to remarry Almaric II of Narbonne, who died on Crusade in the East. Ramón Berenguer II "Cabeza de Estopa", conde de Barcelona was a witness where Berenguer Ramón "el Fratricida", conde de Barcelona, Gerona y Osona killed his brother and took sole control of the county in 1082. Ramón Berenguer II "Cabeza de Estopa", conde de Barcelona died on 5 December 1082 at a forest en route to Gerona, Catalonia, Spain. Murdered by his twin (or half-) brother, and co-ruler, Berenguer Ramon II. His brother was thereafter known as "The Fratricide." The brother reigned on alone until 1097, when, having lost a trial by combat that was intended to decide the question of his guilt in the crime attributed to him, he went on crusade to Jerusalem, where he died, probably in either 1097 or 1099.¹ Ramón Berenguer II "Cabeza de Estopa", conde de Barcelona was buried in the Cathedral, Girona, Catalonia, Spain. The red bars on a yellow background, the arms of Catalonia, are already found on his Romanesque tomb.

     Ermesinde de Poitou was a daughter of Duke Wilhelm Peter.¹ Also called Ermesinde von Aquitanien German.¹ She was born circa 1045. She was the daughter of Guillaume V Pierre, comte de Poitou, duc d' Aquitaine et de Gascogne and Ermesende, comtesse de Longwy.¹ Ermesinde de Poitou married Konrad I, Graf von Luxemburg, son of Giselbert, Graf von Luxemburg and N. N. (?), in 1065; His 1st.¹ Ermesinde de Poitou died before 1083.¹

     Comte de Beaumont-sur-Oise Yves II de Beaumont was born circa 1052. He was the son of Ivo III Bellomontensis and Emma (?).² Comte de Beaumont-sur-Oise Yves II de Beaumont married Judith (?) circa 1077; His 1st.³ Comte de Beaumont-sur-Oise Yves II de Beaumont was living in 1080 at Conflans-Saint-Honorine.³ He married Adelaide de Gournay, daughter of Hugh de Gournay, before 1082; His 2nd.³ Comte de Beaumont-sur-Oise Yves II de Beaumont died circa 1083.³

     Also called Richenza von Werl.² Richenza von Schwaben was born circa 1030. She was the daughter of Otto II, Herzog von Schwaben and N. N. von Egisheim. Richenza von Schwaben married Herman III, Graf von Werl, son of Rudolf, Graf von Werl, Graf im Groningerland and Adelheid (?), circa 1040; Her 1st.³ Richenza von Schwaben married Herzog von Bayern Otto II von Northeim, son of Bernard von Northeim and Eilika (?), after 1050; Her 2nd.⁴ Richenza von Schwaben died in 1083.

     Also called Adela de Louvain. Adela von Löwen was born between 1020 and 1025.² She was the daughter of Lambert II "der Gegürtete", Graf von Löwen and Oda von Verdun.¹ Adela von Löwen married Otto I, Graf von Orlamünde, Markgraf von Meißen, son of Wilhelm III, Graf von Weimar and Oda von der Lausitz, in 1060; Her 1st.^1,3 Adela von Löwen married Dedi II, Markgrafen von der sächsischen Ostmark, son of Dietrich II, Markgraf der Lausitz and Mathilda von Meißen, in 1069; His 2nd. Her 2nd.⁴ Adela von Löwen died in 1083.⁵

     Herzog von Bayern Otto II von Northeim was Advocate of the Abbey of Cowey. He was born circa 1025. He was the son of Bernard von Northeim and Eilika (?). Herzog von Bayern Otto II von Northeim married Richenza von Schwaben, daughter of Otto II, Herzog von Schwaben and N. N. von Egisheim, after 1050; Her 2nd.² Herzog von Bayern Otto II von Northeim was a witness where Agnès, Kaiserin der Römisches Reich gave the duchies of Swabia to Rudolf von Rheinfelden, Carinthia to Berthold von Zähringen, and Bavaria to Otto von Northeim, who soon became her sons biggest enemies in 1057.³ Herzog von Bayern Otto II von Northeim was created Duke of Bavaria by the dowager emperess Agnes of Poitou, regent of her son Henry IV of Germany, in 1061.^4,3 Duke of Bavaria at Kingdom of Germany, German Empire, between 1061 and 1070.^5,6 He was fought the Hungarians before 1070. He was accompanied Emperor Henry II to Italy before 1070. He was revolted and lost Bavaria circa 1070. Annales Mellicensis 1070: "Otto dux Baioariae regi rebellavit."⁷ He was led the Saxon revolt against Henry IV and supported the anti-kings between 1070 and 1075.⁶ He supported Rudolf von Rheinfelden as anti-King of Germany in 1077.⁶ He died on 11 January 1083.^4,6

     Queen of England Mathilda van Vlaanderen was daughter of Baldwin of Lille, V of Flanders.⁹ She traced her descent in the female line from King Alfred the Great.¹⁰ Also called Maud. Also called Matildis I Regina. Also called Matilda of Flanders.¹⁰ She was born in 1032 at Flanders, Belgium. She was the daughter of Boudewijn V "van Rijsel", Graaf van Vlaanderen and Adelle de France, comtesse de Contenance.^3,4,5,6,7,8 A contract for the marriage of Queen of England Mathilda van Vlaanderen and Guillaume I "le Conquérant", roi d' Angleterre was signed in 1049. Pope Leo IX, at the behest of the Western Emperor, condemned the marriage as incestuous. This was, no doubt, a spurious claim. The Western Emperor was in fact a rival of Maud's father, Baldwin V, and wished to prevent an alliance between Baldwin and William. Queen of England Mathilda van Vlaanderen married Guillaume I "le Conquérant", roi d' Angleterre, son of Robert II "le Diable", duc de Normandie and Herlève de Falaise, circa December 1053 at Eu, Caux, France; 3rd cousins, 1x removed. She had twiced repulsed him before agreeing.^4,5,6,11,7 Queen of England Mathilda van Vlaanderen and Guillaume I "le Conquérant", roi d' Angleterre were built two monastaries in 1059 at Caen, Calvados, Lower Normandy, France. This was in penance for disobeying the papal decree that they not marry. William was herewith reconciled with the Pope. Queen of England Mathilda van Vlaanderen was coronated as Queen in 1068 at England.¹² Queen of England between 1068 and 1083. Annals of Monte Fernando 1083: "Obiit Matildis prima regina Anglie, primi regis Anglie, qui quarto anno reliquit filio suo regnum temporale."¹³ She died on 2 November 1083 at Caen, Calvados, Normandy, at age 51 years.^4,7 Queen of England Mathilda van Vlaanderen was buried in Holy Trinity Church, Caen, Normandy.⁷

     Matildis de Montgomery was born circa 1030. She was the daughter of Roger de Montgomery, Earl of Shrewsbury and Mabille de Bellême, comtesse d'Alençon.^2,3,1 Matildis de Montgomery married Robert, comte de Mortaigne, son of Herluin de Conteville and Herlève de Falaise; His 1st.^2,3,1 Matildis de Montgomery died circa 1084.² Matildis de Montgomery was buried in the Abbey of Grestain.³

     Gerard de Bournonville was the son of Guillaume de Bournonville and Adelaide de Hesdia.¹ Gerard de Bournonville married Eleburge, dame de Sclis.¹ Gerard de Bournonville died circa 1084.

     Hoël II, comte de Cornoüaille & de Dol was born circa 1010?. He was the son of Alain Cangnard, comte de Cornoüaille and Judith de Nantes.² Hoël II, comte de Cornoüaille & de Dol was the successor of Alain Cangnard, comte de Cornoüaille; Prince of Cornouaille.³ Hoël II, comte de Cornoüaille & de Dol married Hawise de Tours, daughter of duc de Bretagne Alain III "le Rebru" de Bretagne and Bertha de Blois; 1st cousins.^4,5 Count of Cornouille at Brittany, France, between 1058 and 1084.^4,3 Hoël II, comte de Cornoüaille & de Dol was jure uxoris Duke of Brittany in 1066.⁴ Duke of Brittany between 1066 and 1084. He was co-ruler with Hawise de Tours; Duchess of Brittany. Hoël II, comte de Cornoüaille & de Dol died in 1084.⁵

     Marquis Tetone di Saluzzo was the son of marchese di Saluzzo Anselmo II di Saluzzo and Guiditta (?).¹ Marquis Tetone di Saluzzo married Elene di Ventimiglia, daughter of Conte Conrad II di Ventimiglia and Adela (?).² Marquis Tetone di Saluzzo died in 1084.¹

     Otto II, Markgraf von Montferrat was the son of Wilhelm II, Markgraf von Montferrat and Waza (?).² Otto II, Markgraf von Montferrat was the successor of Wilhelm II, Markgraf von Montferrat; Margrave of Montferrat.³ Margrave of Montferrat between 1042 and 1084.⁴ Otto II, Markgraf von Montferrat married Constanze de Savoie, daughter of Amédée I, comte de Savoie and Adelaide d' Albon.¹ Otto II, Markgraf von Montferrat died on 20 November 1084.⁵

     Also called Gautier. Walter Giffard, seigneur de Longueville was born circa 1002. In 1053 already "past the prime of life."¹ He was the son of Osbern de Bolebec and Wevia de Crepon. Walter Giffard, seigneur de Longueville was a companion of Hugh de Gournay in the abortive attempt of Edward son of King Ethelred to recover the crown of England in 1035.¹ He was left by Duke William in command of the forces blockading the Castle of Arques in 1053.¹ He was intrusted by Duke William with the defence of the district of Caux, in which Longueville is situate, on the occasion of the invasion of Normandy by Henry, King of France, in 1054.¹ He was joined William the Conqueror in the conquest of England, as the Lord of Longueville, he accompanied his sovereign to England, and furnished the fleet, according to the List published by Taylor, with thirty vessels and a hundred men, in 1066.¹ William of Normandy invades and takes England. On 14 October 1066 at the Battle of Hastings, England.³ He was recorded by William of Poitiers, he is the 8th of 20 men known with certainty to have fought with William the Conqueror on 14 October 1066 at the Battle of Hastings, England.³ He founded the Priory of St. Michel de Bolbec in 1079.¹ He was appointed by King William to superintend the compilation of the great survey of England, the Domesday Book, in 1084.^1,4 He died circa 1085.¹

     Gebhard II, Graf von Sulzbach was born circa 1058. He was the son of Gebhard I, Graf von Sulzbach and N. N. von Nordgau.¹ Gebhard II, Graf von Sulzbach married Irmgard von Rott, daughter of Pfalzgraf von Bayern Kuno I von Rott and Gräfin von Rott, Pfalzgräfin von Bayern Uta von Dießen, circa 1079. Gebhard II, Graf von Sulzbach was built the Castle of Sulzbach before 1085 at Bamburg, Bavaria, Germany. He died circa 1085.²

     Herman II, Pfalzgraf bei Rhein was born circa 1049.¹ He was the son of Pfalzgraf bei Rhein Heinrich I "der Rasende" von Bonngau and Mathilde von Lothringen.¹ Herman II, Pfalzgraf bei Rhein was left in the care of Archbishop Anno II of Cologne in 1060.² He witnessed the death of Mathilde von Lothringen on 17 July 1060; She was murdered by her husband, felled with an axe in a fit of rage.^1,3 Pfalzgraf bei Rhein between 1061 and 1085.¹ Herman II, Pfalzgraf bei Rhein married Adelheid, Erbin von Orlamünde, Pfalzgräfin bei Rhein, daughter of Otto I, Graf von Orlamünde, Markgraf von Meißen and Adela von Löwen, circa 1080; Her 2nd.^1,2 Herman II, Pfalzgraf bei Rhein died in 1085. His children dying young, he was the last expressly documented Ezzoner.^4,5

     Also called Domnall mac Máel Coluim.³ Donald MacCrinan was born before 1068.¹ He was the son of Máel Coluim mac Donnchadha, Ard-rí Alban and Ingibjörg Finnsdóttir.^1,2 Donald MacCrinan died in 1085.^1,2,3 Annals of Ulster 1085: "Murchad ua Maeldoraid, king of Cenél Conaill, Domnall son of Mael Coluim, king of Scotland, Muiredach son of Ruaidrí ua Ruadacán, Ualgarc ua Ruairc, heir designate of Connacht, Aengus ua Caíndelbáin, king of Loegaire, ended their life unhappily. / Murchadh H. Mael Doraidh ri Ceniuil Conaill, Domnall m. Mael Coluim ri Alban, Muiredach m. Ruaidri H. Ruadhacan, h-Ualgarc H. Ruairc ridomna Conacht, Oenghus H. Caindelban ri Loeguiri suam uitam infeliciter finierunt."³ He witnessed the death of Donnchadh mac Máel Coluim, rí Alban on 12 November 1094 at Mondynes, Scotland; He was killed by his brothers Domnall and Edmund.^1,2,4

     Lord Walter de Lacy was the son of Seigneur de Lacy and Emma (?).¹ Lord Walter de Lacy married Ermiline (?).¹ Lord Walter de Lacy died in 1085.¹

     Pierre de Melgueil was born after 1055. He was the son of Raymond I de Melgueil and Beatrix de Poitou. Pierre de Melgueil married Almode de Toulouse, daughter of Pons III, comte de Toulouse and Adelmodie de la Marche, circa 1065. Pierre de Melgueil died after 1085. Pierre de Melgueil was buried in the Maguelone Cathedral, Palavas-les Flôts, Villeneuve-les-Maguelonne, Herault, Languedoc-Roussillon, France.

     Also called Graf von Vermandois Odo II "der Wahnsinnige" von Vermandois.² Eudes "l' Insense", comte de Vermandois was born circa 1066.³ He was the son of Herbert V, comte de Vermandois and Adele, comtesse de Valois.¹ Count of Vermandois between 1080 and 1085?.⁴ Eudes "l' Insense", comte de Vermandois married Hedwige de Picardie circa 1085.^1,2 Eudes "l' Insense", comte de Vermandois was unsuited to rule and disinherited in 1085.² He died after 1085. He was the last of the Carolingian line.⁵

     Hedwig von Formbach, Gräfin von Supplinburg was born circa 1058.^4,2 She was the daughter of Friedrich, Graf von Formbach and Gertrude, Erbin von Haldensleben.³ Hedwig von Formbach, Gräfin von Supplinburg married Gebhard, Graf von Supplinburg, son of Bernhard, Graf im Nordthüringengau and Ida von Querfurt, Gräfin im Nordthüringengau; Her 1st.² Hedwig von Formbach, Gräfin von Supplinburg married Dietrich II, Herzog von Ober-Lothringen, son of Gerhard, Herzog von Ober-Lothringen and Hedwige de Namur, after 9 June 1075; His 1st. Her 2nd.⁵ Hedwig von Formbach, Gräfin von Supplinburg died between 1085 and 1090.¹

     Dietrich II von Katlenburg was born circa 1055. He married Gertrude von Braunschweig, Gräfin von Eilenburg, Katlenburg, und Northeim, daughter of Ekbert I, Graf von Braunschweig, Markgraf von Meißen and Irmingard von Turin, circa 1080.¹ Dietrich II von Katlenburg died on 21 January 1085.¹

     Bertha de Blois was born in 1016.³ She was the daughter of Eudes II, comte de Blois, Chartres, Troyes, et Champagne and Ermengarde d' Auvergne.^1,2 Bertha de Blois married duc de Bretagne Alain III "le Rebru" de Bretagne, son of Geoffroy I, comte de Bretagne and Hawise de Normandie, in 1018; Her 1st.^1,4,2 Bertha de Blois married Graf von Maine Hugo IV von Mailand, son of Adalbert II, Markgraf von Mailand and Ersende du Maine, circa 1041?; Her 2nd.⁵ Bertha de Blois died on 13 April 1085 at age 69 years.^1,6,7

     Gundred of Flanders was the sister of Gerbod, Earl of Chester, a Fleming, and not the daughter of William the Conqueror as many believe.¹ She was born circa 1045 at Normandy, France. She was the daughter of Gherbod of Flanders. Gundred of Flanders married Guillaume I de Varennes, 1st Earl of Surrey, son of Ranulph I de Varennes and Beatrice of Rouen, before 1065; His 1st.^2,1 Gundred of Flanders died on 27 May 1085 at Castle Acre, Acre, Norfolk, England. "Lady Gundrade Countess of Surrey, daughter of the Conqueror and wife of William the first [Earl of Surrey], died in the pangs of childbirth (vi partus cruciata) at Castelacre 27 May 1085 and the 3rd year before her husband."³

     Also called Robert "the Cunning". Robert "Guiscard", duc d' Apulia was so described: Physically attractive, endowed with an acute and unscrupulous intelligence, a brilliant strategist and competent statesman.⁵ Also called Roberto Guiscardo d' Altavilla Italian.⁵ Described in Anna Komnena's Alexiad thusly: "This Robert was Norman by descent, of insignificant origin in temper tyrannical, in mind most cunning, brave in action, very clever in attacking the wealth and substance of magnates, most obstinate in achievement, for he did not allow any obstacle to prevent his executing his desire. His stature was so lofty that he surpassed even the tallest, his complexion was ruddy, his hair flaxen, his shoulders were broad, his eyes all but emitted sparks of fire, and in frame he was well-built where nature required breadth, and was neatly and gracefully formed where less width was necessary. So from tip to toe this man was well-proportioned, as I have repeatedly heard many say. Now, Homer says of Achilles that when he shouted, his voice gave his hearers the impression of a multitude in an uproar, but this man's cry is is said to have put thousands to flight. Thus equipped by fortune, physique and character, he was naturally indomitable, and subordinate to nobody in the world. Powerful natures are ever like this, people say, even though they be of somewhat obscure descent."⁶ Also called Robert Guiscard. He was the father of Roger "Borsa", duc d' Apulia; the son of Robert Guiscard by Robert's second marriage--to Sigelgaita, sister of the Lombard prince Gisulf of Salerno.⁷ Robert "Guiscard", duc d' Apulia was born circa 1015 at Normandy, France.^5,8 He was the son of Tancred de Hauteville and Fredesende de Normandie.^2,3,4 Robert "Guiscard", duc d' Apulia first arrived in southern Italy to join his half-brothers, William, Drogo, and Humphrey, in 1047 at Apulia, Italy.⁵ He was sent by his brothers to Calabria to attack Byzantine territory, and began his campaign by pillaging the countryside and ransoming its people, between 1047 and 1048 at Italy.⁵ He married Alberada of Buonalbergo between 1051 and 1052; His 1st. Her 1st.^2,4,3 Robert "Guiscard", duc d' Apulia was the successor of Onfroi, duc d' Apulia; Count of Apulia.^5,3 Robert "Guiscard", duc d' Apulia defeated, at the head of the combined forces of Normans from Apulia and Campania, the haphazardly led forces of the Byzantines, the Lombards, and the papacy, in 1053 at Civitate, Italy.⁵ "Mortuus est Humphredus, et intravit comes Apuliae Robertus, qui dictus est Guiscardus." In 1056.⁹ He resumed, after becoming the recognized leader of the Apulian Normans, his campaign in Calabria in 1057 at Italy.⁵ He returned to Apulia to seize control from Humphrey's sons and save the region from disintegrating internal conflicts in 1057 at Italy.⁵ Count of Apulia at Norman Italy between 1057 and 1059.^5,3 He and Alberada of Buonalbergo were divorced circa 1058.² Robert "Guiscard", duc d' Apulia seized his infant nephew Abelard's lands, thus becoming the greatest landholder in southern Italy and laying the foundation for his own power in 1058.¹⁰ He married Sichelgaita of Salerno, daughter of Gaimar V, Duke of Salerno and Porpora of Tabellaria, in 1058 at Melfi, Potenza, Basilicata, Italy; His 2nd (divorced).^{5,2,4,3,11,12} Robert "Guiscard", duc d' Apulia was a witness where Gisulph II, Prince of Salerno effected an uneasy reconciliation with the Norman lord Robert Guiscard after Robert had married his sister in 1058.¹¹ "Robertus comes Apuliae factus est dux Apuliae, Calabriae, et Siciliae a papa Nicolao in civitate Melphi." In 1059.⁹ Robert "Guiscard", duc d' Apulia entered into a concordat at Melfi with Pope Nicholas II, for until that time the papacy had been hostile toward the Normans, considering them to be an anarchist force that upset the political structure in southern Italy--a structure based on a balance of power between the Byzantines and the Lombards of northern Italy, in 1059.⁵ He was made by Pope Nicholas II duke of Apulia and Calabria in 1059 at Italy.¹¹ Duke of Apulia at Italy between 1059 and 1085.^5,3 He completed his campaign into Calabria before 1060 at Italy.⁵ He planned to expel the Arabs from Sicily and restore Christianity to the island, a plan which found favour in Pope Nicholas' eyes. This expedition into Sicily got under way as soon as the conquest of Calabria was completed, with command of the expedition given to his brother Roger, in 1060 at Italy.⁵ He was a witness where Roger I, comte de Sicile given command of the expedition to Sicily by his brother, Robert Guiscard, then Duke of Apulia, to rid the island of Arabs and restore Christianity, in 1060.⁵ Robert "Guiscard", duc d' Apulia came to the aid of his brother, Roger, at a difficult siege in 1071 at Palermo, Sicily, Italy.⁵ He was a witness where Roger I, comte de Sicile faced an particularly difficult siege, to which his brother came to his aid, in 1071 at Palermo, Sicily, Italy.⁵ Robert "Guiscard", duc d' Apulia captured the town of Bari, which resulted in the end of Byzantine rule in southern Italy, in April 1071 at Italy.⁵ He invested his brother, Roger, with "the County of Sicily and Calabria" in 1072.⁵ He was a witness where Roger I, comte de Sicile invested with, to resolve the differences with his brother, Robert, and after he had recognized his brother's supreme authority, "the County of Sicily and Calabria" along with the right to govern and tax both counties in 1072.⁵ Robert "Guiscard", duc d' Apulia was a witness where Richard I Quarrel of Aversa an insurrection against Robert Guiscard, then in Sicily, in 1072 at Italy.¹¹ Robert "Guiscard", duc d' Apulia was a witness where Gisulph II, Prince of Salerno joined the Norman leader Richard of Aversa in an insurrection against Robert Guiscard, who was occupied in Sicily, in 1072.¹¹ Robert "Guiscard", duc d' Apulia was the predecessor of Roger I, comte de Sicile; Count of Sicily and Calabria. Robert "Guiscard", duc d' Apulia was excommunicated by Pope Gregory VII, who feared Norman advances into Campania, Molise, and Abruzzi would threaten the papal dominions, before 1073.⁵ He reponded to the city of Amalfi's plea for help, against Gisulf of Salerno, and successfully defended the city in 1073. He was a witness where Gisulph II, Prince of Salerno fell out with Robert Guiscard, his brother-in-law, and naively tried to bring about a Byzantine counteroffensive against Robert, and fearing that the Norman advances into Campania, Molise, and Abruzzi would threaten the papal dominions, Pope Gregory VII excommunicated Robert and gave Gisulf considerable military aid, and to display his power Gisulf advanced toward the prosperous city of Amalfi in 1073 at Italy.⁵ Robert "Guiscard", duc d' Apulia took Salerno from Gisulf and made it the capital of his duchy in December 1076.⁵ He found the Byzantine Court itself drawing closer and went as far as trying to establish a familial relationship with Robert, in which the emperor Michael VII, in need of Robert's help to uphold his unstable throne, married his son, Constantine, to one of Robert's daughters, Helen, circa 1077.⁵ He witnessed the marriage contract of Associate Eastern Emperor Constantine Doukas and Helen de Hauteville circa 1078. Robert "Guiscard", duc d' Apulia sought to avenge emperor Michaels expulsion, and his daughters confinement, in fact it reawakened his unappeased spirit of adventure and hastened his long-considered goal: to march to Byzantium and crown himself emperor in place of the deposed Michael, after 1078.⁵ He chose to reconcile himself with Pope Gregory VII, entering into the Concordat of Ceprano, which confirmed the commitments of the earlier Council of Melfi, in 1080.⁵ He was a witness where Alexios I Komnenos, basileus Rhomaiôn drove back the south Italian Normans, headed by Robert Guiscard, who were invading western Greece, using Venetian help, and granting the Venetians extensive trading privileges in return, between 1081 and 1082.¹³ Robert "Guiscard", duc d' Apulia of Byzantine Corfu, off the coast of Greece, with his three sons, Bohemond, Roger Borsa, and Guy in 1083.⁷ He landed in Epirus with a well-trained army and immediately succeeded in defeating the Byzantines and their Venetian allies in 1083.⁵ He was a witness where Bohémond I "le Baroudeur", prince d' Antioche participated in Robert Guiscard's capture of Byzantine Corfu, off the coast of Greece in 1083.⁷ Robert "Guiscard", duc d' Apulia was a witness where Roger "Borsa", duc d' Apulia participated in Robert Guiscard's capture of Byzantine Corfu, off the coast of Greece in 1083.⁷ Robert "Guiscard", duc d' Apulia was a witness where Guy de Hauteville participated in Robert Guiscard's capture of Byzantine Corfu, off the coast of Greece in 1083.⁷ Robert "Guiscard", duc d' Apulia was recalled to Italy to help the Pope expel the German king Henry IV, who was marching on Rome en route to claiming southern Italy for the Holy Roman Empire circa 1084.⁵ He was a witness where Heinrich IV, Kaiser der Römisches Reich marched on Rome en route to claiming southern Italy for the Holy Roman Empire circa 1084.⁵ Robert "Guiscard", duc d' Apulia returned home and suppressed the revolts of the lords hostile to himself and to Pope Gregory VII, he then defeated the army of the German King, Henry IV, and finally escorted the Pope to Salerno circa July 1084.⁵ He died on 17 July 1085 at near Cephalonia, Greece, Byzantine Empire. Following his successes, he returned to his campaign on the Adriatic coast, but died during the siege of Cephalonia. He died of the epidemic which had earlier incapacitated his army. His wife was beside him to the last.^2,8,14 . "Robert was buried in the old monastery dedicated to the Holy Trinity, where his brothers had been buried before him. Robert died in the twenty-fifth year of his reign as duke and at the age of seventy."¹⁵

     Also called Richer de Laigle.² Also called Richard d' Aquila.³ Richer de Laigle was born in 1040. He was the son of Engenulph, seigneur de Laigle and Richvaride (?). Richer de Laigle married Judith d' Avranches, daughter of Richard le Goz, vicomte d' Avranches and Emma de Conteville, before 1061.⁴ Richer de Laigle died on 18 November 1085 at St. Suzanne, Maine, France, at age 45 years. Slain.

     Also called Princess Judith of Bohemia. Judith, Knezna Ceská was related to Boleslaw III Krzywousty, Królewicz Polska; the son of Wladyslaw I Herman, ruler of Poland, and Judith of Bohemia.² Judith, Knezna Ceská was born circa 1059. She was the daughter of Vratislav I, Král Ceská and Adelhaid, Hercegnõ Magyarország.¹ Judith, Knezna Ceská married Wladislaw I Herman, Królewicz Polska, son of Kazimierz I Odnowiciel, Król Polska and Dobroniega Yaroslavna, circa 1080; His 1st. Judith, Knezna Ceská died on 25 December 1085.

     Roger is deemed by some to be the son of William de Warenne, and by others the son of Walter de St. Martin, brother of William. He was related by blood to William the Conqueror, his mother being the niece of Gunnora, wife of Richard sans Peur, Duke of Normandy.² Roger de Mortemer was a Norman from Mortemer, canton Neufchatel-en-Bray, Seine-Maritime, Normandy.¹ Also called Roger de Mortimer.² He was born circa 1029? At Mortemer, canton Neufchatel-en-Bray, Seine-Maritime, Normandy. He was the son of Ranulph I de Varennes and Beatrice of Rouen. Roger de Mortemer lost some of his land to his kinsman William de Warenne following the battle of Mortemer, at which he had assisted the escape of a French prisoner, Ralph count of Montdider, to whom he done homage, in 1054.¹ He married Hadvise (?).³ Roger de Mortemer reconciled with William of Normandy, he went on to acquire lands in England.³ He acquired lands centered upon Wigmore forfeited by Roger earl of Hereford circa 1075.³ He died before 1086.³

     Nothing beyond his name, Martin, and marriage is known. He is called Martin de Tours, but this is probably incorrect. He may be the "Martinus de Walis" who was the first witness of the foundation charter of Totnes Priory, if indeed the priory was founded so early. Martin was a Norman.² Also called Martin de Tours.² He married Geva de Burci, daughter of Serlo de Burci; Her 1st.¹ Martin died before 1086.¹ He made a conquest of Kemys, in Pembrokeshire, and founded a monastery for benedictine monks, St. Dogmaels.²

     Sheriff of Gloucester Roger de Pîtres was the grandfather of Miles of Gloucester, Earl of Hereford, and Constable of England; grandson of Roger de Pitres, contemporary of William the Conqueror and sheriff of Gloucester, and the son of Walter (Gautier), constable of Henry I.² Sheriff of Gloucester Roger de Pîtres was a Norman from Pîtres, canton Pont-de-l'Arche, Eure, Normandy.³ Also called Roger de Gloecestria.³ He was a contemporary of William the Conqueror.² He married Adeline (?).⁴ Sheriff of Gloucester Roger de Pîtres preceeded his brother Durand as sheriff of Gloucester.³ He died before 1086.³

      Tairrdelbach Mór, Ard-rí na h'Éireann married Derbforgaill ingen Taidg, daughter of Tadg mac Gillai Pátraic.³ Tairrdelbach Mór, Ard-rí na h'Éireann married N. N. (?); Another wife. Tairrdelbach Mór, Ard-rí na h'Éireann married Gormlaith (?).⁴ Tairrdelbach Mór, Ard-rí na h'Éireann was born in 1009. He was the son of Tadg mac Briain, rí Tuadh Mumhan and Mor ingen Gilla Brigte Ó Molloy.² Tairrdelbach Mór, Ard-rí na h'Éireann was a witness where Diarmait mac Donnchada, Ard-rí na h'Éireann led the great army of Leath-chuinn, with by Murchadh, and Toirdhealbhach Ua Briain, King of Munster, into Connaught; and Aedh Ua Conchobhair set an ambuscade for them, so that Ua Conchobhair, lord of Ciarraighe-Luachra, and many persons along with him, were killed, in 1067.⁵ Tairrdelbach Mór, Ard-rí na h'Éireann accompanied Diarmaid, son of Mael-na-mbo, King of Leinster, into Connaught in 1067.⁵ He led an army into Leath-Chuinn; and he took countless preys from the Gaileanga, and slew Maelmordha Ua Cathasaigh, lord of Breagha, in 1073.⁶ He seized by a great disease, which caused his hair and beard to fall off, through the miracles of God and Ciaran, for when the head of Conchobhar was brought in his presence, a mouse issued from it, and went under Toirdhealbhach's garment, which was the cause of his disease in 1073.⁷ 178th Monarch of Ireland between 1074 and 1086. He led a host he had assembled, of Meathmen, Connaughtmen, the foreigners, the Leinstermen, the Osraighi, and the Munstermen, and marched to Ath-Fhirdia, to demand hostages from the Oirghialla and the Ulidians in 1075.⁸ He led an army into Connaught; and Ruaidhri Ua Conchobhair, King of Connaught, came into his house, in 1076.⁹ He led an army into Ui-Ceinnsealaigh, and he fettered the son of Domhnall Reamhar, lord of Ui-Ceinnsealaigh in 1077.¹⁰ He went upon Loch-Beannchair and Innsi-Modh, and plundered the Cruach in 1079.¹¹ He expelled, with a great army, Ruaidhri Ua Conchobhair from the kingdom of Connaught in 1079.¹² He died in 1086 at Cenn Coradh, Ireland, at age 77 years. He died "after great suffering and long repentance, and after receiving the Body of Christ and His Blood."¹³ Annals of Ulster 1086: "Tairdelbach ua Briain, king of Ireland, died in Cenn Coradh after great suffering and long repentance, and after receiving the Body of Christ and His Blood, on the day before the Ides 14th of July in the seventy-seventh year of his age. / Tairrdelbach H. Briain ri Erenn do ec i Cinn Choradh iar mor-martra & iar n-aithrighi fhota & iar tomailt cuirp Crist & a fhola i Prid. Id. Iuil isin sechtmadh bliadain sechtmogat a aisi."¹³

     Christina Ætheling was born circa 1055. She was the daughter of Edward "the Exile", Prince of England and Agatha of Bulgaria.^1,2 Abbess of Romsey at Hants.^1,2 Christina Ætheling died in 1086. She died unmarried.^1,3

     Ralph Taillebois was the brother of Ivo Taillebois, Sheriff of Lincolnshire; the brother of Ralph Taillebois.² Ralph Taillebois married Agatha de Bruce, daughter of Robert I de Bruce, 1st Lord of Annandale and Agnes Paganell.¹ Ralph Taillebois died in 1086 at shortly before.²

     Prince Yaropolk Izyaslavich of Rus was the son of Izyaslav I Dmitrij Yaroslavich, Prince of Kiev and Gertrude, Królewna Polska.¹ Prince Yaropolk Izyaslavich of Rus journeyed on various missions for his father to the Polish king, the German emperor, and the Roman Bishop Saint Gregory VII between 1073 and 1085.¹ He died in 1086. On the way from Vladimir to Zvenigorod-Galitsk, Yaropolk was treacherously murdered by Neryadets, one of his retainers. The murderer indeed had been bribed by the Rostislavichi.¹ Prince Yaropolk Izyaslavich of Rus was buried in Kiev, Rus. He was buried in the church of Saint Peter, which he himself had begun to build. Many Church memorials, beginning with the Chronicle of the Monk Nestor, testify, that the murdered nobleborn prince Yaropolk be venerated in the rank of Saints well-pleasing to God.¹

     Also called Adelaide of Orlamunda.³ Adela von Tweisterbant was born circa 1045 at France. She was the daughter of Graf in der Betau Eberhard von Orlamünde.² Adela von Tweisterbant married Heinrich II, Graf von Löwen, son of Lambert II "der Gegürtete", Graf von Löwen and Oda von Verdun, before 1060.² Adela von Tweisterbant died after 1086.

     Arms: Gules, three lions passant, argent.³ Walter I Giffard, 1st Earl of Buckingham was a Norman from Longueville-sur-Scie, Seine-Maritime, Normandy.¹ He was the son of Walter Giffard of Bolbec.¹ He married Ermengarde Fleitel, daughter of Gerard Flaitel.¹ Walter I Giffard, 1st Earl of Buckingham was born circa 1047.² He was the son of Walter Giffard, seigneur de Longueville.² Walter I Giffard, 1st Earl of Buckingham was created Earl of Buckingham by his distant relation, William the Conqueror, in 1070.⁴ Earl of Buckingham between 1070 and 1085.⁴ He was a Domesday tenant-in-chief in 1084.¹ He died after 1086.¹

     Richard Basset was born circa 1050. He was the son of Osmund Basset. Richard Basset died after 1086.

     Pfalzgraf von Bayern Kuno I von Rott was born before 1030. He was the son of Graf im Wipp- und Norital Poppo III von Rott and Hazaga von Kärnten. Pfalzgraf von Bayern Kuno I von Rott married Gräfin von Rott, Pfalzgräfin von Bayern Uta von Dießen, daughter of Friedrich II, Graf an der Sempt, von Dießen, Domvogt von Regensburg and Irmgard von Gilching, after 1050. Pfalzgraf von Bayern Kuno I von Rott was founder of Roth monastery before 1086. He died on 27 March 1086 at Palestrina, near Rome, Italy.³

     Felicité de Roucy was born circa 1040. She was the daughter of Hilduin IV, comte de Montdidier and Alix, comtesse de Roucy.¹ Felicité de Roucy married Sancho I, rey de Aragón y de Pamplona, son of Ramiro I, rey de Aragón and Gilberga de Couserans, in 1060; His 2nd.¹ Felicité de Roucy died on 24 April 1086.¹ She died on 24 April 1123.

     King of Denmark Knut IV "den Hellige" Sveinsson was born circa 1045?. He was the son of Sveinn Ástrídsson, King of Denmark and Jutta Anundardóttir.^1,2,3 King of Denmark Knut IV "den Hellige" Sveinsson was the successor of King of Denmark Harold III Hejn Sveinsson; King of Denmark.¹ King of Denmark at Scandinavia between 1080 and 1086.^1,4 King of Denmark Knut IV "den Hellige" Sveinsson married Adele van Vlaanderen, daughter of Robrecht I "de Fries", Graaf van Vlaanderen and Gertrude von Sachsen, before 1084; Her 1st.^1,5,6 King of Denmark Knut IV "den Hellige" Sveinsson died on 10 July 1086 at St. Alban's Church, Odense, Denmark. Aristocrats who opposed his tax policy revolted as he was preparing to embark for England. He fled from the rebels, led by his brother Prince Olaf, to St. Alban's Church, Odense, which he had founded, and was assassinated there with the entire royal party.^1,6,4 He was martyr, and patron saint of Denmark. He was canonized in 1101. Feast Day (along with Olaf the Holy). On 10 July.⁴