Person Page - 312

     Also called Count of Castile Rodrigo Ramirez de Castilla.² Rodrigo II Ramírez, conde de Castilla was born after 832. He was the son of Ramiro Iº Bermúdez, rey de Asturias and Urraca Paterna Díaz de Castilla.¹ Count of Castile at Kingdom of Asturias-Leon before 873.³ Rodrigo II Ramírez, conde de Castilla died on 4 October 876.

     King of York Hálfdan I Ragnarsson av Sverige was born before 794. He was the son of Konung av Sverige Ragnarr Lodbrók Sigurdsson (Mythical). King of York Hálfdan I Ragnarsson av Sverige leader, with his two brothers, of an enormous Danish army consisting of around ten thousand men in 866 at East Anglia, England. He was sacked York with his brothers after a fierce attack on the ancient city on 1 November 866. He was founder of the Danish kingdom of York between 875 and 876.¹ King of York at England between 875 and 883. He was severely ransacked Hexham, the site of an abbey founded by St Wilfrid in 674, in 876. He died in 877 at Strangford Lough, Ulster, Ireland. He may be the Danish king "Albann" who was slain near Strangford Lough in 877, killed in battle by a rival faction of Irish Norsemen from Dublin.¹ He may have remained in York until his death in 883.¹

     Comte de Mansurie.² Also called comte de Mansurie Gislebert II de Mansurie.^3,4 Graf im Maas- und Scheldegau Giselbert II von Toxandrien was born circa 820. He was the son of Gislebert I von Toxandrien and N. N. of Hesbaye. Count at Maasgau between 840 and 855.⁵ Count of Darnau between 840 and 877.⁵ Graf im Maas- und Scheldegau Giselbert II von Toxandrien married Ermengarde des Francs, daughter of Hlothar I, empereur auguste and Irmingard, Frankenkönigin, römische Kaiserin, in 846.^6,5,2,7,1 Graf im Maas- und Scheldegau Giselbert II von Toxandrien died after 877.¹

     Carloman "l' Aveugle" des Francs Occidental was born circa 849?. He was the son of Carolus II Calvus, empereur auguste and Ermentrudis d' Orléans.² Carloman "l' Aveugle" des Francs Occidental died between 877 and 878.³

     Äbtissin Schwarzach und Zürich Bertha des Francs was born circa 832. She was the daughter of Hludowic II Germanicus, roi and Königin des ostfränkischen Reiches Hemma von Altdorf.¹ Äbtissin von Schwarzbach und Zürich between 856 and 877.¹ Äbtissin Schwarzach und Zürich Bertha des Francs died on 26 March 877.¹

     Carolus II Calvus, empereur auguste also went by the name of Charles II "the Bald" of France.⁸ Also called Karl II "der Kahle" von Frankreich German.^9,10 He was born on 13 June 823 at Frankfurt-am-Main, Hessen, Germany.⁶ He was the son of Hludowic I Pius, empereur auguste and Judith, Fränkische Königin.^5,6,7 Carolus II Calvus, empereur auguste was given the Aquitaine kingdom by his father on his older brother, Pepin's death, but the magnates rose up and proclaimed Pepin II, the son of the dead king in 838.¹ He was the successor of Hlothar I, empereur auguste; King of the Franks, restored.¹¹ Oath of Strasbourg: Louis II the German and Charles II the Bald affirmed their alliance against elder brother, Lothair I. In 842.¹ Carolus II Calvus, empereur auguste married Ermentrudis d' Orléans, daughter of Eudes, comte d' Orléans and Ingeltrud, Gräfin von Orleans, on 13 December 842 at Quierzy; His 1st.¹² The Treaty of Verdun: The empire was divided into three kingdoms arranged along a north-south axis: Francia Orientalis was given to Louis, Francia Media to Lothair, and Francia Occidentalis to Charles the Bald. The three kings were equal among themselves. Lothair kept the imperial title, but it had completely lost its universal character and had meaning only in a portion of the old empire. In 843.¹ Carolus II Calvus, empereur auguste succeeded Lothar I, his brother, to the throne of the West Franks in 843. He was a witness where Graf im Gau Ponthieu Rudolf I des Franken a supporter of his nephew, King Charles II the Bald of France, who appointed him Count in the Ponthieu Valley after 843.⁹ King of the West Franks at Frankish Empire between 843 and 877.¹¹ Carolus II Calvus, empereur auguste was a witness where Sunifred I, Margrave of Barcelona supported by the French King, Charles the Bald, in 844.¹³ Carolus II Calvus, empereur auguste witnessed the marriage of Tertulle, comte d'Anjou and Petronille (?).^14,15 Carolus II Calvus, empereur auguste was a witness where Torquatius de Rennes was made forester of the forest called Blackbird's Nest by Charles the Bald of France. Styled par la grâce de Dieu, roi, depuis, empereur auguste. Carolus II Calvus, empereur auguste was the successor of Hlothar II, roi de Lotharingie; King of Lotharingia.¹⁶ Carolus II Calvus, empereur auguste was the successor of Hludowic II "le Jeune", empereur auguste; Imperator Augustus.^11,1 Carolus II Calvus, empereur auguste was the successor of Hludowic II "le Jeune", empereur auguste; King of Italy.^1,11 Carolus II Calvus, empereur auguste witnessed the marriage of Boudewijn I "de IJzeren Arm", Markgraaf van Vlaanderen and Judith, Queen of England in December 862 at Auxerre, Yonne, France; Her 3rd (widow of two English Kings). From this union descend the Counts of Flanders.^17,18,19,20 Carolus II Calvus, empereur auguste was a witness where Boudewijn I "de IJzeren Arm", Markgraaf van Vlaanderen made "Marchio Flandriae" by his new father-in-law, Charles II, in 864.¹ Carolus II Calvus, empereur auguste was a witness where Robert I "le Fort", duc de France controlled Maine, Anjou, and the Breton March for Charles the Bald, clearly having become the de facto ruler of Neustria (the lands between the Seine and the Loire) before 866. Carolus II Calvus, empereur auguste and Ermentrudis d' Orléans were divorced in 867; Separated.¹² Carolus II Calvus, empereur auguste was a witness where Wulgrin I, comte d' Angoulême & de Perigord served as Count of the Palace for King Charles "the Bald" of France. Carolus II Calvus, empereur auguste was proclaimed, by the people and the magnates, emperor and Augustus when he invaded Lorraine and thus becaming ruler of two kingdoms in 869.¹ He was a witness where Wulgrin I, comte d' Angoulême & de Perigord appointed by Charles the Bald as count of Angouléme and Périgord, as perhaps Saintonge as well, in 869.²¹ Carolus II Calvus, empereur auguste married Richildis de Provence, daughter of Balduin, Graf von Metz and Richardis von Arles, on 12 October 869; His 2nd (widower).²² The Treaty of Meersen: Northern Lotharingia divided by East and West Frankish Kingdoms (and Charlemagne's city, Aachen, becomes forevermore German) in 870. Carolus II Calvus, empereur auguste married Richildis de Provence, daughter of Balduin, Graf von Metz and Richardis von Arles, on 22 January 870 at Aachen, Germany; Validated.²² Annales Xantenses 871: "Karolus, rex Galliae, regnum quondam Lotharii cum elatione magna invasit, Aquisgrani palatium consedit , affirmans se totum regnum absque ullius gratia in proprjetatem usurpare velle; quod postea, viris intercurrentibus strenuis, emollitum est, et in pace dispositum."²³ Carolus II Calvus, empereur auguste succeeded his nephew to the throne of Italy and (officially with papal blessing) to the imperial title in 875. He appeared as the most powerful sovereign in the West, and Pope John VIII arranged for him to accept the imperial crown in 875.¹ He was a witness where Hludowic II Germanicus, roi unable to prevent his brother's, Charles the Bald, coronation as emperor in 875.¹ King of Italy at Frankish Empire between 12 August 875 and 877.¹¹ Carolus II Calvus, empereur auguste was received by Pope John VIII on 17 December 875 at St. Peter's, Rome.⁸ He was anointed, crowned, and acclaimed emperor of the Romans on 25 December 875 at Rome.^1,8 Imperator Augustus at Frankish Empire between 25 December 875 and 877.^1,11 He was a witness where Theoderic, comte d'Autun served as Chamberlain for King Charles "the Bald" of France before 877.²⁴ Carolus II Calvus, empereur auguste died on 6 October 877 at Mt. Cenis area of the Alps, Brides-les-Bain, France, at age 54 years, 3 months and 23 days. He died while on the return trip from a failed expedition he had organized to help the Pope.^1,6 He was a witness where Carloman, roi seized Italy on his uncle Charles the Bald's death and intended to take the imperial title but ill health forced him to abandon the plans.¹ Carolus II Calvus, empereur auguste was the predecessor of Hludowic II "le Bègue", roi; King of the West Franks.¹¹ Carolus II Calvus, empereur auguste was the predecessor of Carloman, roi; King of Italy.¹¹ Carolus II Calvus, empereur auguste was buried in the Basilica of St. Denis, Paris, France.

     Also called Engeltrud von Orleans.² Ermentrude von Orleans was born between 820 and 825.¹ She was the daughter of Matfried I, Graf von Orleans.¹ Ermentrude von Orleans married Boso von Arles, son of Boso, Graf von Arles.¹ Ermentrude von Orleans died before 878.¹

     Herlouin, comte de Montreüil was born circa 843. He was the son of Heligaud, comte de côtes maritime.¹ Herlouin, comte de Montreüil died circa 878.²

     Áed mac Cináeda, rex Pictorum was the son of Cináed mac Ailpín, rex Pictorum.^2,3 Also called Eth "of the Swift Foot".⁴ Also called King of Scots Áed "Whitefoot" MacAlpin.^2,5 Áed mac Cináeda, rex Pictorum succeeded his brother, Constantine I, in 877.³ 4th King of Scots between 877 and 878.^3,2 King of Picts and Scots between 877 and 878.^5,6 Annals of Ulster 878: "Aed son of Cinaed, king of the Picts, was killed by his own associates. / Aedh m. Cinadan, rex Pictorum a sociis suis occisus est."¹ He died in 878 at Nrurim, Strathallan (north of Stirling). He is said to have been "slain by his people," in battle against Giric.^7,3,6,1 Áed mac Cináeda, rex Pictorum was buried in Iona.⁴

     Also called Armengol.¹ Comte d' Albi Hermengild d' Albi was born circa 820. He died in 878.¹

     Rhodri Fawr ap Merfyn, Brenin Cymru also went by the name of Rhodri "the Great" Mawr = the Great. He was born circa 789 at Caer Seiont, Caernarvonshire, Wales.⁵ He was born circa 810.⁶ He was the son of Brenin Gwynedd Merfyn Frych ap Gwriad o ne Rheged and Nest ferch Cadell o Powys.^4,1 Rhodri Fawr ap Merfyn, Brenin Cymru associated with N. N. (?) circa 835; Daughter Elen was illegitimate. Chronicle of Ystrad Fflur 844: "In this year Rhodri ap Merfyn was High King."⁷ King of Gwynedd at Northwest Wales between 844 and 878.¹ Rhodri Fawr ap Merfyn, Brenin Cymru inherited his mother's land, Powys, which put him in conflict with successors of Offa and the Kingdom of Mercia, in 855. King of Powys at East Wales between 855 and 875. Annals of Ulster 856: "Horm, chief of the dark foreigners, was killed by Rhodri son of Mervyn, king of Wales. / Horm, toesech na n-Dubgennti, iugulatus est la Ruadhraigh m. Meirminn righ m-Bretan."⁸ He defeated the Vikings under Horn, leader of the Danes, this victory bringing him international acclaim, in 856 at Angelsey.⁸ He married Angharad verch Meurig o Ceredigion, daughter of Meurig ap Dyfnwal, before 857; Dubious.^9,10,11 Prince of Deheubarth at Wales between 872 and 878. King of Seisyllwg at Wales between 872 and 878. Chronicle of Ystrad Fflur 876: "In this year Rhodri was in Ireland."¹² Chronicle of Ystrad Fflur 877: "In this year Rhodri and Gwriad fell to the Saxons."¹³ Annals of Ulster 877: "Rhodri son of Merfyn, king of the Britons, came in flight from the dark foreigners to Ireland. / Ruaidhri m. Muirminn, rex Brittonum, du tuidhecht docum n-Erenn for teiched re Dubghallaibh."¹⁴ Rhodri Fawr ap Merfyn, Brenin Cymru fled from the dark foreigners (the Danes) to Ireland in 877.¹⁴ He died in 878 at Anglesey, Wales. Died in battle, with his son, fighting the English.^5,15,1,16,17 Annals of Ulster 878: "Rhodri son of Merfyn, king of the Britons, was killed by the Saxons. / Ruaidhri m. Muirminn, rex Brittonum a Saxonibus interemptus."¹⁷ He was the predecessor of Merfyn ap Rhodri, Brenin Powys; King of Powys.¹⁸ Rhodri Fawr ap Merfyn, Brenin Cymru was the predecessor of Anarawd ap Rhodri, Brenin Gwynedd; King of Deheubarth.¹⁸

     Gwriad ap Rhodri o Gwynedd was born before 870. He was the son of Rhodri Fawr ap Merfyn, Brenin Cymru and Angharad verch Meurig o Ceredigion. Gwriad ap Rhodri o Gwynedd died in 878. Died in battle, alongside his father, fighting the English.

     Rex Conaille Gairbíth mac Máel Brigti Uí Echach Coba was the son of rex Conaille Máel Brigte mac Speláin Uí Echach Coba.¹ Rex Conaille Gairbíth mac Máel Brigti Uí Echach Coba died in 878. He was beheaded by the Uí Echach.¹

     Lievin de Narbonne was born circa 815. He was the son of N. N. de Narbonne. Lievin de Narbonne died after 878.

     Bernhard, comte près de Laon was born circa 845.^2,3 He was the son of Pepin II, seigneur de Peronne & de S. Quentin and N. N. de Vermandois.^1,2 Count of Laon at Picardy, France, between 877 and 878.³ Bernhard, comte près de Laon died after 878.⁴

     Graf von Vienne Gerhard von Paris was born in 800.^1,4 He was the son of Leuthard, Graf von Fezensac and Grimhild (?).^2,3 Graf von Vienne Gerhard von Paris married Bertha von Tours, daughter of Hugo, Graf von Tours and Ava, Gräfin von Tours, in 819.¹ Graf von Vienne Gerhard von Paris died between 878 and 879.^1,5

     Adelchis, Fürst von Benevent was the son of Radelchis, Duke of Benevento.¹ Adelchis, Fürst von Benevent married Adeltrude (?).¹ Prince of Benevento at Italy between 853 and 878.¹ Adelchis, Fürst von Benevent died in May 878.¹

     Heligaud II, comte de Ponthieu & de Montreüil was born circa 863. He was the son of Herlouin, comte de Montreüil.² Heligaud II, comte de Ponthieu & de Montreüil died circa 879.

     Also called Baldwin "Iron Arm" English.¹ Also called Balduinus ferreus Flandrensis.⁴ Also called marquis de Flandres Baudouin I "Bras-de-Fer" de Flandres.^5,6,1 Boudewijn I "de IJzeren Arm", Markgraaf van Vlaanderen was born in 840.⁵ He was the successor of Audacer Flandrensis; Count of Flanders.⁴ Boudewijn I "de IJzeren Arm", Markgraaf van Vlaanderen was the son of Audacer Flandrensis.³ Boudewijn I "de IJzeren Arm", Markgraaf van Vlaanderen married Judith, Queen of England, daughter of Carolus II Calvus, empereur auguste and Ermentrudis d' Orléans, in December 862 at Auxerre, Yonne, France; Her 3rd (widow of two English Kings). From this union descend the Counts of Flanders.^7,8,9,10 Boudewijn I "de IJzeren Arm", Markgraaf van Vlaanderen was a daring warrior under Charles II the Bald of France, who fell in love with the King's daughter Judith, the youthful widow of two English kings, he married her, and fled with his bride to Lorraine. Charles, though at first angry, was at last conciliated, and made his son-in-law margrave of Flanders, which he held as a hereditary fief, in 863.¹¹ Margrave of Flanders between 863 and 878.^12,13 He was made "Marchio Flandriae" by his new father-in-law, Charles II, in 864.⁵ He died in 879 at Arras at age 39 years.^5,6,7,13 He was the first ruler of Flanders. The Norsemen were at this time continually devastating the coastlands, and Baldwin was entrusted with this outlying borderland in order to defend it. He was the first of a line of strong rulers, who early in the 10th century exchanged the title of margrave for that of count.

     Ryurik of Jutland (semi-legendary) was born in 830 at Frisian Islands, South Jutland. He was the son of Hálfdan of Frisia. Ryurik of Jutland (semi-legendary) was relapsed into paganism, causing his expulsion from Frisia thereafter, in 855. He was captured Novgorod in 862. Prince of Novgorod between 862 and 879. He was a witness where Prince of Kiev Dir of Sweden and Ruler of Kiev Askold of Sweden served as aides to Rurik, founder of Novgorod, circa 870. Ryurik of Jutland (semi-legendary) married Alfrind of Denmark, daughter of N. N. of Denmark, before 877. Ryurik of Jutland (semi-legendary) died in 879 at age 49 years. He was of the Viking Varangians who cornered the trade between the Baltic and the Black Sea and envisioned a strong Slav settlement, Kiev, on the Dnieper as the strategic stronghold and mid-point between the forests and the Black Sea.

     Constantine, basileus Rhomaiôn was born before 865.¹ He was the son of Basileios I Makedonios, basileus Rhomaiôn and Maria (?).¹ Constantine, basileus Rhomaiôn was co-ruler with Basileios I Makedonios, basileus Rhomaiôn; Emperor.^2,3,4 Co-Emperor at Byzantine Empire between 870 and 879. Constantine, basileus Rhomaiôn died in 879.¹

     Oliba II, conde de Carcassonne was the successor of Oliba I, conde de Carcassonne; Count of Carcassonne.^3,5 Oliba II, conde de Carcassonne was born circa 834. He was the son of Oliba I, conde de Carcassonne and Ermentrude (?).^2,3,4 Count of Carcassonne at Languedoc, France, between 870 and 877.^3,5 Oliba II, conde de Carcassonne died in 879.¹ He was the predecessor of Acfred I, comte de Carcassone et Rasèz; Count of Razès.³ Oliba II, conde de Carcassonne was the predecessor of Acfred I, comte de Carcassone et Rasèz; Count of Carcassonne.⁵

     Graf im Lahngau Gebhard I von Lahngau was born between 795 and 810.¹ He was the son of Graf im Nieder-Lahngau Udo II von Lahngau.¹ Graf im Lahngau Gebhard I von Lahngau married N. N. (?).¹ Count at the Wetterau.¹ Count at Lahngau between 832 and 879.¹ Graf im Lahngau Gebhard I von Lahngau died in 879.¹

     Hludowic des Francs Orientalis was born in 877.¹ He was the son of roi Hludowic III "le Jeune" des Francs Orientalis and Liutgard von Sachsen.¹ Hludowic des Francs Orientalis died in 879 at age 2 years.¹

     Also called Gurwant.² Gurvand, comte de Rennes married N. N. de Bretagne, daughter of Erispoë "the Younger" de Bretagne.¹ Gurvand, comte de Rennes was the successor of Salomon, Prince of Brittany; Prince of Brittany.² Prince of Southern Brittany in 874.² Gurvand, comte de Rennes died in 879.¹ He was the predecessor of Judicaël, comte de Rennes; Prince of Southern Brittany.²

     Graf im Lahngau Udo von Lahngau was born between 825 and 830.¹ He was the son of Graf im Lahngau Gebhard I von Lahngau and N. N. (?).¹ Graf im Lahngau Udo von Lahngau died after 879.¹

     Also called Ludwig II "der Stammler" von Frankreich German.⁴ Hludowic II "le Bègue", roi "Hlodovicus rex genuit Hludovicum et Karlomannum et Hildegardim ex Ansgardi vocata regina, Karolum quoque postumum et Irmintrudim ex Adelheidi regina" (He begot Louis, Carloman and Hildegarde from Ansgard, called queen [NB this title was contentious because Louis repudiated her, due to his father's disapproval of their marriage, without sanction from the pope], also Charles, posthumously, and Ermentrude from Queen Adelaide.).⁵ Hludowic II "le Bègue", roi also went by the name of Louis II "the Stammerer" of France. Hludowic II "le Bègue", roi also went by the name of Louis II "le Bègue" de France French.⁶ He was the grandson of Kunigunde de Hainaut; the daughter of Regnier au-Long-Col, by Ermentrudis, the granddaughter of Louis II "the Stammerer."^4,7 Hludowic II "le Bègue", roi was related to Kunigunde de Hainaut; granddaughter of Ludwig II "des Stammlers."⁸ Hludowic II "le Bègue", roi was the successor of Carolus II Calvus, empereur auguste; King of the West Franks.⁹ Hludowic II "le Bègue", roi was born on 1 November 846.¹ He was the son of Carolus II Calvus, empereur auguste and Ermentrudis d' Orléans.^2,3 Hludowic II "le Bègue", roi married Ansgardis de Bourgogne, daughter of comte et missus de bourguignon Harduin de Bourgogne, in March 862; His 1st. Unsantioned by his father.^10,11,12 King of Aquitaine at Frankish Empire between 29 September 866 and 877.¹³ Hludowic II "le Bègue", roi was a witness where Ingelger, comte d'Anjou knighted by Louis Do-Nothing, son of Charles the Bald, King of France, as the first lord of Anjou. Hludowic II "le Bègue", roi was a witness where Arduin I, Ritter a favorite of Louis II of the West Franks between 877 and 879.¹⁴ King of the West Franks at Frankish Empire between 6 October 877 and 879.⁹ Styled par la miséricorde de Dieu, roi. Hludowic II "le Bègue", roi married Adelais de Paris, daughter of westfränkischer Pfalzgraf Adalhard des Franken, in 878; His 2nd.^15,16,17 Hludowic II "le Bègue", roi and Ansgardis de Bourgogne were divorced in 878; Repudiated.^10,18 Hludowic II "le Bègue", roi was the predecessor of roi Carloman II des Francs Occidentale; co-King of the West Franks.^9,6 Hludowic II "le Bègue", roi was the predecessor of roi Hludowic III des Francs Occidentale; King of the West Franks.¹⁹ Hludowic II "le Bègue", roi died on 10 April 879 at Compiègne, Oise, Picardy, France, at age 32 years, 5 months and 9 days. He died in his palace.^19,20 He was the predecessor of roi Carloman II des Francs Occidentale; King of the West Franks.⁹

     Áed Finnliath mac Néill, rí Ailech, Ard-rí na h'Éireann was the son of Niall Caille mac Áeda, rí Ailech, Ard-rí na h'Éireann and Gormlaith ingen Donnchada, banríon na h'Éireann.^1,2 Áed Finnliath mac Néill, rí Ailech, Ard-rí na h'Éireann was called by his bard the "Chief King of the Gael".³ Áed Finnliath mac Néill, rí Ailech, Ard-rí na h'Éireann also went by the name of Áed "White-Hair".³ He married Máel Muire ingen Cináeda, daughter of Cináed mac Ailpín, rex Pictorum.⁴ Áed Finnliath mac Néill, rí Ailech, Ard-rí na h'Éireann married Gormlaith Rapach ingen Muiredach Dál Fiatach, daughter of Muiredach mac Echach, rí Uladh.⁵ Áed Finnliath mac Néill, rí Ailech, Ard-rí na h'Éireann was the successor of Máel Sechnaill, rí Midi, *Ard-rí na h'Éireann*; 167th High King of Ireland.⁶ Áed Finnliath mac Néill, rí Ailech, Ard-rí na h'Éireann was a witness where Amlaíb Conung mac rígh Lochlainne (Historical) switched allainces, from the side of Cearbhall, lord of Osraighe, to that of Aedh Finnliath, the son of Niall Caille, circa 858. Áed Finnliath mac Néill, rí Ailech, Ard-rí na h'Éireann defended the North, with Flann, son of Conang, against an incursion by Maelseachlainn, High King of Ireland, and his host the men of Leinster, Munster and Connaught, and of the southern Ui Neill, but failed to gain a total victory in 858.⁷ He was a witness where Flannacán, rí Bregh defended the North, with Aedh Finnliath, son of Niall, against an incursion by Maelseachlainn, High King of Ireland, and his host the men of Leinster, Munster and Connaught, and of the southern Ui Neill, but failed to gain a total victory in 858.⁷ Áed Finnliath mac Néill, rí Ailech, Ard-rí na h'Éireann was a witness where Máel Sechnaill, rí Midi, *Ard-rí na h'Éireann* led a host of the men of Leinster, Munster and Connaught, and of the southern Ui Neill, into the North, pitching a camp at Magh Dumha, in the vicinity of Ard Macha, where they were attacked by Aedh Finnliath, son of Niall, and Flann, son of Conang, and Maelseachlainn and his army manfully defended the camp in 858 at Ulster, Ireland.⁷ Áed Finnliath mac Néill, rí Ailech, Ard-rí na h'Éireann was attacked, with his ally Amhlaeibh of Dublin, by Cearbhall, lord of Osraighe, on behalf of Maelseachlainn, High King of Ireland, in 859.⁸ He responsible for plundering and devastation in 859 at Meath, Ireland.⁹ He was a witness where rí Osraige Cerball mac Dúngaile Uí Éremóin led an army into Meath to assist Maelseachlainn against Aedh, son of Niall, and Amhlaeibh, in 859.⁸ Áed Finnliath mac Néill, rí Ailech, Ard-rí na h'Éireann and Flannacán, rí Bregh went with the lord of the foreigners (Amhlaeibh of Dublin?) to plunder Meath, and committed great depredations there in 860.¹⁰ Annals of Ulster 861: "Mide was invaded by Aed son of Niall with foreigners. / Indredh Midhe do Aedh m. Neill co n-Gallaibh."¹¹ Áed Finnliath mac Néill, rí Ailech, Ard-rí na h'Éireann plundered Connaught with the youths of the North in 861 at Ireland.¹² Annals of Ulster 862: "Aed son of Niall went with (?) the kings of the foreigners into Mide, and plundered Mide with Flann son of Conaing. / Aedh m. Neill co riga Gall i m-Mide, & la Flann m. Conaing do indriudh Midhe."¹³ Annals of Ulster 862: "Aed son of Niall begins to reign. / Aedh m. Neill regnare incipit."¹⁴ He succeeded Máel Sechnaill as High King of Ireland in 862.¹⁵ He blinded Lorcan, son of Cathal, lord of Meath, in 862.¹⁶ 168th High King of Ireland between 862 and 879.¹⁵ Annals of Ulster 864: "Lorcán son of Cathal, king of Mide, was blinded by Aed son of Niall, king of Temair. / Lorcan m. Cathail, ri Midhe, do dhalladh la Aedh m. Neill righ Temhro."¹⁷ He called for a complete muster of the North and plundered the fortresses of the foreigners, wherever they were in the North, both in Cinel Eoghain and Dal Araidhe; and he carried off their cattle and accoutrements, their goods and chattles; and as the foreigners regrouped at Loch Feabhail Mic Lodain he marched towards them with all his forces; and a battle was fought fiercely and spiritedly on both sides between them, and a victory was gained over the foreigners, and a slaughter was made of them; their heads were collected to one place, in presence of the king; and twelve score heads were reckoned before him, which was the number slain by him in that battle, in 864 at Ulster, Ireland.¹⁸ Annals of Ulster 864: "Aed son of Niall and Flann son of Conaing gained a great victory over Ainbíth son of Aed and the Ulaid in the territory of the descendants of Conall the Craftsman. / Roiniudh mór re n-Aedh m. Neill & re Flaunn m. Conaing for Anfidh m. n-Aedho co n-Ultaib i tír Conailli Cerd."¹⁹ Annals of Ulster 866: "Aed son of Niall plundered all the strongholds of the foreigners i.e. in the territory of the North, both in Cenél Eógain and Dál Araidi, and took away their heads, their flocks, and their herds from camp by battle (?). A victory was gained over them at Loch Febail and twelve score heads taken thereby. / Aedh m. Neill ro slat uile longportu Gall, .i. airir ind Fochla, eter Chenel n-Eugain & Dal n-Araide co tuc a cennlai & a n-eti & a crodha a l-longport er cath. Roiniudh foraib oc Loch Febail asa tuctha da .xx. dec cenn."²⁰ Annals of Ulster 868: "Aed son of Niall won a battle at Cell Ua nDaigri against the Uí Néill of Brega, and the Laigin, and a large force of the foreigners, i.e. three hundred or more; and Flann son of Conaing, king of all Brega, and Diarmait son of Etarscéle, king of Loch Gabor, fell therein; and in this battle very many of the heathens were slaughtered; and Fachtna son of Mael Dúin, heir designate of the North, and many others, fell in the counter-attack of the battle. / Bellum re n-Aedh m. Neill oc Cill Oa n-Daighri for Ou Neill Breg & for Laighniu & for sluagh mor di Ghallaib, .i. tri cét uel eo amplius, in quo ceciderunt Flann m. Conaing rig Bregh n-uile, & Diarmait m. Etersceili, ri Locha Gabhor; & in isto bello plurimi gentilium trucidati sunt & Fachtna m. Maele Duin, righdomnai ind Fochlai do-rochair i frithguin in catha, & alii multi."²¹ Annals of Ulster 870: "Aed son of Niall overran Laigin from Áth Cliath to Gabruán. / Indredh Laigen la h-Aedh m. Neill o Ath Cliath co Gabruan."²² Annals of Ulster 874: "Aed son of Niall led an army to Laigin and they profaned Cell Ausili, and other churches were burned with their oratories. / Slogad la h-Aedh m. Neill co Laighniu coro saragat Cell Ausili, & alaile cealla do loscadh cona derthaigibh."²³ He died on 20 November 879 at Druim Inasclainn, Conaille, Ireland.^15,24 Annals of Ulster 879: "Aed son of Niall, king of Temair, fell asleep on the twelfth of the Kalends of December 20 Nov. at Druim Inasclainn in the territory of Conaille. / Aedh m. Neill, rex Temorie, in .xii. kl. Decimbrium i n-Druim Inasclaind i crich Conaille dormiuit."²⁴ . "Twelve days before the melodious Kalends
Of December—a harsh company—
A wonderful person died to your loss(?),
Aed of Ailech, over-king of the Irish.

"A generous prudent man of shields
Who brought plenty to landed Temair,
Against iron-tipped spears a buckler
From the forge-fire of the land of the sons of Mil."²⁴

     Burgred, King of Mercia was born in 830?. King of Mercia at England between 852 and 874.¹ He married Æthelswith, Queen of Mercia, daughter of Æthelwulf, King of the English and Osburh of Hampshire, in April 853.^2,3,4 Burgred, King of Mercia had held the kingship of Mercia for twenty-two years in 874.¹ He and Æthelswith, Queen of Mercia driven by Vikings "across the sea" to Rome in 874 at Italy.¹ Burgred, King of Mercia died circa 880.³ Burgred, King of Mercia was buried in the Church of St. Mary's, in the English Quarter, Rome, Italy.¹

     Robert de Genève married Richilde (?).¹ Robert de Genève died circa 880.¹

     Hugo des Francs Orientalis was born between 855 and 860.¹ He was the son of roi Hludowic III "le Jeune" des Francs Orientalis and N. N. (?).¹ Hugo des Francs Orientalis died in 880.¹

     Fürst von Salerno Waifar I von Salerno was born circa 845?. Lord of Salerno between 861 and 880.² He died after 880 at Kloster Montecassino.¹

     Brun, Herzog von Sachsen was born between 830 and 840.² He was the son of Liudolf, dux and Oda Billung, Gräfin von Sachsen.¹ Brun, Herzog von Sachsen married Liutgard (?), daughter of Arnulf (?).³ "ducatus totius Saxoniae".⁴ Duke of Saxony at German Empire between 866 and 880.⁵ Brun, Herzog von Sachsen died on 2 February 880 at near Hamburg. He fell in battle against the Danish Northmen, in a terrible winter battle in which a great many Saxon nobles lost their lives, including Brun.^1,6 He witnessed the death of Lothar I, Graf von Stade on 2 February 880 at near Hamburg, Germany; He was killed in battle against Normans, fighting alongside the Saxon Duke Brun.⁷

     Lothar I, Graf von Stade was born circa 850. He married Enda von Sachsen, daughter of Liudolf, dux and Oda Billung, Gräfin von Sachsen, before 874.^2,1 Lothar I, Graf von Stade witnessed the death of Brun, Herzog von Sachsen on 2 February 880 at near Hamburg; He fell in battle against the Danish Northmen, in a terrible winter battle in which a great many Saxon nobles lost their lives, including Brun.^3,4 Lothar I, Graf von Stade died on 2 February 880 at near Hamburg, Germany. He was killed in battle against Normans, fighting alongside the Saxon Duke Brun.⁵

      Carloman, roi was born circa 830.^4,1 He was the son of Hludowic II Germanicus, roi and Königin des ostfränkischen Reiches Hemma von Altdorf.^2,3 Carloman, roi was the successor of Hludowic II Germanicus, roi; King of the East Franks.⁵ Carloman, roi associated with Litovinde , a concubine circa 850; His 1st.⁶ Carloman, roi married N. N. von Nordgau, daughter of Gram im Nordgau Ernest von Nordgau, after 861; His 2nd.⁶ Carloman, roi was a witness where Hludowic II Germanicus, roi made arrangements to partition his kingdom in 864. King of Bavaria and the Ostmark at Frankish Empire between 28 August 876 and 880.^7,3 Styled par la grâce de Dieu, roi. Carloman, roi seized Italy on his uncle Charles the Bald's death and intended to take the imperial title but ill health forced him to abandon the plans.⁷ King of Italy at Frankish Empire between 6 October 877 and 879.⁵ He died between 22 March 880 and 29 September 880 at Altötting, Bavaria, Frankish Empire.⁸

     N. N. von Nordgau was born circa 841?. She was the daughter of Gram im Nordgau Ernest von Nordgau.² N. N. von Nordgau married Carloman, roi, son of Hludowic II Germanicus, roi and Königin des ostfränkischen Reiches Hemma von Altdorf, after 861; His 2nd.¹ N. N. von Nordgau died on 3 April 880. D.s.p.³

     Also called duca di Spoleto Lambert I di Spoleto. Lambert I, Herzog von Spoleto was the successor of Wido I, Graf und Herzog von Spoleto-Camerino; 21st Duke of Spoleto.¹ Lambert I, Herzog von Spoleto was born between 845 and 850.² He was the son of Wido I, Graf und Herzog von Spoleto-Camerino and Itana von Salerno. 22nd Duke of Spoleto, 1st reign at Italy between 860 and 871.³ Lambert I, Herzog von Spoleto replaced as duke by Suppo II between 872 and 874 at Italy. Duke of Spoleto, 2nd reign at Italy between 875 and 879.³ He died before 8 July 880.⁴

     Ansgardis de Bourgogne was daughter of Count Harduin and sister of Count (of Maçon?) Odo, the enemy of Charles the Bald.⁴ She was born circa 840. She was the daughter of comte et missus de bourguignon Harduin de Bourgogne.^2,3 Ansgardis de Bourgogne married Hludowic II "le Bègue", roi, son of Carolus II Calvus, empereur auguste and Ermentrudis d' Orléans, in March 862; His 1st. Unsantioned by his father.^2,5,6 Ansgardis de Bourgogne and Hludowic II "le Bègue", roi were divorced in 878; Repudiated.^2,7 Ansgardis de Bourgogne died on 2 November 880.⁸

     Eberhard II von Nordgau was born circa 822. He was the son of Meginhard I von Nordgau. Eberhard II von Nordgau married Evesna des Sachsen before 852. Eberhard II von Nordgau died in 881.

     Barith mac Ímair was the son of Ímar mac rígh Lochlainne, rex Nordmannorum totius Hibernie & Brittanie.^1,2 Barith mac Ímair died in 881.^1,2

     Ermengardis d' Auvergne was daughter and heiress of Count Guerin of Auvergne.¹ She was born circa 824?. She was the daughter of Guerin d' Auvergne.¹ Ermengardis d' Auvergne married Bernard "Plantapilosa", comte d' Auvergne, son of Bernard "de stirpe regali", marquis de Septimania and Dhuoda, Gräfin von Barcelona, before 844.^2,3 Ermengardis d' Auvergne died in 881.⁴

     Davit' I of Tao, Kuropalati was the son of Bagrat I of Tao, Kuropalati and N. N. Bagratuni.^1,2,3 Davit' I of Tao, Kuropalati was son of Bagrat curopalates.¹ He was aided the Armenians against his cousins Nasra, son of Guaram, and Gurgen, son of Adarnase, as Armenia and Ap'xaz fought over K'art'li.⁴ Also called Davit' I curopalates Bagrationi of Tao.⁵ He married N. N. Arcruni, daughter of Ašot Arcruni.⁶ Davit' I of Tao, Kuropalati was the successor of Bagrat I of Tao, Kuropalati; (47th) curopalates.⁷ (48th) curopalates at Kartli, Transcaucasia, between 876 and 881.⁸ Davit' I of Tao, Kuropalati died in 881. He was taken captive by Nasra and killed.⁹ He was the predecessor of Adarnase IV of Tao, King of K'art'li; 49th King of Kartli.^10,2

     Evesna des Sachsen was born circa 827. She married Eberhard II von Nordgau, son of Meginhard I von Nordgau, before 852. Evesna des Sachsen was a witness where Graf Eberhard III von Nordgau was captured by the Norsemen and ransomed by his mother, Evesna, after 881. Evesna des Sachsen died after 881.

     Ruler of Kiev Askold of Sweden was born circa 823. He and Prince of Kiev Dir of Sweden were served as aides to Rurik, founder of Novgorod, circa 870. Ruler of Kiev Askold of Sweden died circa 882.

     Pandenolfo, 5° Duca di Capua was born circa 840. He was the son of Pandone, 4° Duca di Capua. Pandenolfo, 5° Duca di Capua was the successor of Pandone, 4° Duca di Capua; 4th Duke of Capua.¹ 5th Duke of Capua in 862.¹ Pandenolfo, 5° Duca di Capua was the predecessor of Landolfo II, 6° Duca di Capua; Duke of Capua.¹ 5th Duke of Capua (restored) between 879 and 882.¹ Pandenolfo, 5° Duca di Capua died circa 882.

     Eudokia Ingerina was related to Leo VI Philosophos, basileus Rhomaiôn; the putative son of Basil I the Macedonian, and his second wife, Eudocia Ingerina.³ Eudokia Ingerina was related to Leo VI Philosophos, basileus Rhomaiôn; the supposed son of Michael III, his mother Eudokia Ingerina's lover.⁴ Eudokia Ingerina was born circa 840.² She was the daughter of Inger the Scandanavian. Eudokia Ingerina married Basileios I Makedonios, basileus Rhomaiôn, son of Konstantinos Mamikonean and Pancalo Bagrationi, before 866; His 2nd.^5,3 Eudokia Ingerina associated with Michael III "the Drunkard", basileus Rhomaiôn, son of Theophilius "the Unfortunate", basileus Rhomaiôn and St. Theodora Mamikonean, before 866; Mistress.^5,6 Eudokia Ingerina died in 882.^2,5

     Conchobar mac Taidg Móir, rí Connacht was the son of Tadg Mór mac Muirgiusa Síl Muiredaig.^1,2 His descendants were the Ua Conchobair, from which came O'Conner, of Uí Briúin, from which came O'Brien. Also called Concobur mac Taidhg. Of Síol Muiredhaigh branch of the Uí Briúin Ai. Conchobar mac Taidg Móir, rí Connacht married Ailbi ingen Máel Sechnaill Uí Éremóin, daughter of Máel Sechnaill, rí Midi, *Ard-rí na h'Éireann* and N. N. (?).³ 38th King of Connacht at Ireland between 848 and 882.^4,2 Annals of Ulster 882: "Concobur mac Taidhg, rex Teora Connacht, uitam senilem finiuit. (Conchobor son of Tadc, king of the three Connachta, ended his life as an old man.)."⁵ Conchobar mac Taidg Móir, rí Connacht died in 882. He died an old man.⁵

     Guaram, Prince of Javakhet'i was the son of Ašot I of Tao, Kuropalati.^2,1 Prince of Javakhet'i before 881.¹ Guaram, Prince of Javakhet'i died in 882.³

     Matfried II, Graf im Eifelgau was born in 820.² He was the son of Matfried I, Graf von Orleans.¹ Matfried II, Graf im Eifelgau was granted estates and ran a county in the Eifelgau between 855 and 882.¹ He died after 882.³

     Also called Thierry French.² Theoderic, comte d'Autun was born circa 810.³ He was the son of Childebrand III, comte du Autunois and Dunna (?).¹ Theoderic, comte d'Autun was served as Chamberlain for King Charles "the Bald" of France before 877.¹ Count of Autun between 878 and 882.¹ He died between 882 and 883.²