Re: Native American Counties - Steven J. Coker
Subject: Re: Native American Counties
From: Steven J. Coker
Date: July 14, 1998

Michael.W.Lowe wrote:
> 
> Could someone please tell me which county or counties in South Carolina
> had more native americans? My ggg grandmother was from South Carolina.
> 
> Thanks,
> Janice Lowe

It depends on which time period and which groups you are interested in.  There
were many tribes and relations with the Carolinians changed over the years. 
Here is a little bit of history about Native Americans according to Ramsay.

There were about 20 or more Native American nations, or tribes, spread
throughout South Carolina when the English arrived.  

In about 1680 the Westoes, located between Charleston and Edisto, made war
against the settlers at Charleston. A peace was concluded the following year.

in 1702 or 1703 Governor Moore led a body of white men and Indian allies
against the Apalachian Indians [sic] who had, by their connection with the
Spaniards, become troublesome.  They laid in ashes the towns of those tribes
who lived between the Alatamaha and Savannah, captured many, and obliged
others to submit to English government.

In 1712 the Indians of North Carolina conspired against the settlers.  The
powerful tribes of the Corees, Tuscororas, and others united.  The sent out
small parties, by different roads, which entered settlements under the mask of
friendship.  They had agreed to begin their attack on the same night.  When
that night came, they entered the planters' houses, demanded provisions, were
displeased with them, and then murdered men, women, and children without
mercy.  About Roanoke one hundred and thirty-seven settlers fell in one
night.  Governor Craven lost no time forwarding a force to their assistance. 
The Assembly voted four thousand pounds for the service of the war.  A body of
militia, with 600 men under the command of Colonel Barnwell marched to war. 
They were joined in the expedition by 218 Cherokees under the command of
Captains Harford and Turston, 79 Creeks under Captain Hastings, 49 Catabaws
under Captain Cantey, and 28 Yamassees under Captain Pierce.  To reach North
Carolina in time for the relief of the people, the utmost expedition was
requisite.  There was no road through the woods upon which either horses or
carriages could conveniently pass.  In spite of every difficulty, Barnwell
advanced.  In the first battle, 300 hundred Indians were killed and about 100
were taken prisoners.  The Tuscororas retreated to their town, within a wooden
breast-work.  There they were surrounded, many of them killed, and the
remainder forced to sue for peace.  In this expedition it is estimated that
Barnwell killed, wounded, and captured nearly 1,000 Tuscororas.  The survivors
abandoned their country and joined a northern tribe on the Ohio River.  Of
Barnwell's party, 5 Carolinians were killed and several wounded.  36 Indian
allies were killed and 60-70 were wounded.  

In 1715 the powerful Yamassee tribe promoted war and stirred many tribes to
this effect.  The Yamassees possessed a large territory, lying backward from
Port Royal, on the northeast side of Savannah River.  The Yamassees had been
esteemed by the Carolinians as friends.  For 12 months before the war broke
out, the traders amongst the Yamassees reported that the chief warriors went
frequently to St. Augustine and returned loaded with presents. On 15 April
1715, the Yamassees began their bloody operations.  They massacred over 90
people in Pocotaligo and the neighboring plantations.  Mr. Burrows, a Captain
of the Militia, by swimming one mile and running ten, after he had received
two wounds, escaped to warn the town at Port Royal.  Many inhabitants sailed
for Charleston.  But, a few families were captured and either murdered or
taken prisoners.  The Yamassees, Creeks, and Apalachians advanced through the
province spreading desolation and slaughter.  The Carolinians entertained
hopes of the friendship of the Congarees, Catawbas, and Cherokees, but they
soon found that these nations had joined in the conspiracy and declared for
war.  It was estimated that the southern division of the enemy consisted of
over 6,000 bowmen and the northern division of between 600 and 1,000.  Every
tribe from Florida to Cape Fear had joined in the confederacy against the
Carolinians.  The dispersed planters had no force to withstand such numbers. 
They fled to the capital.  The accounts of the strength and number of the
enemy caused even the inhabitants of Charlestown to be doubtful of their
safety.  The men in it were obliged to watch every third night.  In the muster
roll there were no more than 1,200 men fit to bear arms.  The Governor
declared martial law, laid an embargo on all ships, and obtained an act of
Assembly empowering him to impress men, arms, ammunition and stores, and to
arm trusty negroes.

[to be continued...]

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