Pardee
A History and
a Memory
By Jewell
Willis
From The
Heritage of Wise County and The City of Norton - Volume I
Coal barons chose the site and names
for their coal towns. Construction companies were hired to build four-room
houses with open front porches, and duplexes designed to shelter two families,
with a continuous interior wall separating them, and a large front porch to be
shared by the two families.
One
such town was that of Pardee. Information in Luther Addington's The Story of Wise County, Virginia,
gives the following: "One of the pioneer mines in Wise County was that of
the Blackwood Coal and Coke Company, organized in 1903. The president was
Calvin Pardee. The town, Blackwood, derived its name from a coal town situated
near Pottsville, Pennsylvania. The operations of Mr. Pardee were not only at
Blackwood but at Pardee, on Roaring Fork, and at Calvin."
Charles A. Johnson's A Narrative History of Wise County, Virginia
tells us that the Pardee Post Office was established October 19, 1911, with George
Kilgore as Postmaster.
The little coal mining town of
Pardee was formed because of the numerous thick seams of high-grade bituminous
coal which lay beneath its majestic mountains, but there was more to Pardee
than the coal corporations which sold their product to run factories and
electric power plants, and to provide heat in winter to millions of homes. Mrs.
Orpha Buckles Warf, whose family moved to Pardee when she was five years old,
is able to put into words what she and many others feel about the little town.
"Pardee was the people. It was the men who mined the coal, risking their
lives and breaking their backs for very little pay. Pardee was the women who
ran the home and never complained when times were very hard. It was the
children who were taught to believe in God and to see the good in all people,
to obey their parents and respect their elders.
"The love and concern for each
other through sickness and death and long strikes, drew the people together
like one family. Each need was met. The sick were visited; the dead were
grieved for; the widow did not go cold or hungry. Neighbors had time to talk
and listen to each other."
Evidence of the close bond and
lasting friendships is displayed each year during the reunions of persons who
lived and worked at Pardee. Even though the town of Pardee is gone, the memory
and spirit of the little town still lives in the hearts and minds of its
people.
Every lump of coal which was sold
from Pardee mines was painted with a thin stripe of red paint. Red Bar Coal was
the trademark of all coal which came from Pardee mines.
As the coal filled the railroad car,
a boom with a dozen sets of fingers painted every lump of coal. The boom which
was filled with red paint automatically raised as each layer of coal filled the
car.
Many coal towns had baseball teams.
The uniforms worn by the members of Pardee's team bore the words: "Red Bar
Coal".
Coal traveling north was often to
fill lake orders, which went to New York or Michigan, across the Great Lakes
and into Canada. Lake orders had to be filled before winter when the lakes were
frozen over. Companies often requested that no block of coal be less than six
inches across.
The company store, or, as it was
most often called, the commissary, was a place where you could buy not only
groceries and meat, but shoes, clothing of all kinds, material and thread,
gardening tools, household articles, chicken feed, chop to feed cows and pigs;
and toys at Christmas. Coal orders were paid for at the store. Each man had to
buy his own powder and explosives which were ordered and paid for at the store.
The dray wagon pulled by two horses
was owned and operated by the coal company to deliver groceries to the homes.
At Pardee the dray was driven by Van Bloomer. At Christmas time, each miner
paid a dollar for each child in the family, the company added to it and the
dray wagon delivered a Christmas bag for each child.
Just inside the store was the scrip
office where a miner or his wife could draw scrip on his next payday. The scrip
was then used to purchase items from the store. Each miner had a scrip card
with his check number on it.
Scrip was similar to the present-day
credit cards. It was different in that the scrip could be used only at the
company store and no other place. Many families, using scrip at the company
store, spent all or nearly all that the miner earned. On payday the miner had
very little or no money coming to him.
After the old store burned in 1940,
a new brick store was built. The brick store was prominent in the movie,
"The Coal Miner's Daughter", part of which was made in Pardee in
February 1980.
Pat Short, a merchant in Norton,
took orders and delivered groceries to the miners' home on Monday, Wednesday,
and Saturday. His store was a lifeline to the miners when they were organizing
the union and during a strike. He sold groceries to the miners on credit, often
carrying them for months, and even years until they were able to make payment.
Some of the people associated with
Pardee were: John Hopkins, Superintendent of Miners; Lucian Smith, Chief
Electrician and later Superintendent; general manager of the Blackwood Coal and
Coke Co., which included Pardee, Roaring Fork and Blackwood, John Oster; tipple
superintendent, Henderson Hall, who had earlier helped to build the houses in
Pardee; store managers, Van Buren Keys and later William MacArthur, Bookkeeper,
Ralph Bellamy; and the barber, Allen
Sturgill.
Some of the company doctors were Dr.
J. G. Bentley, Dr. Ralph Lachausse, Dr. Jones, Dr. Hines, Dr. Willie, and Dr. Collens.
The sheriff was Bob Carter, and
later Glen Skeens, Warren McNutt, was the chief of Police over the night guards
for the three towns owned by the company; John Hurd was the night watchman. He
had to punch a clock at certain places every four hours.
The postmasters were Gracea Reed,
Vernie Bellamy, Mrs. MacArthur and Prencess Kiser.
Myrtle Reed, with her mother-in-law,
ran the boarding house. John Edenas who lived at Roaring Fork carried the mail
to and from Appalachia, and ran a taxi service.
Pardee Church
The Pardee Church served all
denominations except Catholic who had their own church. There was also a church
for the black people.
The Church was also used for school
plays, Christmas plays, cake walks and box suppers.
Some of the ministers were: Harry
Fannon, Carson Barnette, Jess Smith, John Prince, Henry Collins, Gordon
Freeman, and John Parker.
Revivals in the little church would
sometimes be held for two or three weeks.
Pardee School
The Pardee School was in two
buildings. The smaller building was used for the first and second grades and
was built in the late thirties. The other building, the older of the two,
contained two rooms and was used for the third grade or elementary school, it
was necessary for students to go to Appalachia for high school. In 1931, the
county began running a school bus from Pardee, Dunbar and Roaring Fork. Before
that, it was necessary for those wishing to attend high school to arrange their
own transportation,.
Some of the teachers at Pardee were
Harry Willoughby, who was also principal, Trula Vaughn, Cleo Reach, Trilby
Robinette, Izell Helton, Mrs. Taylor, Wentz Tate, Miss Dixon, Foy Meade, Marvin
Wilson, Herbert Peters, Elizabeth DeBusk Whittaker, Dwight Billings, John
Ossea, Mrs. Reasor, and Maude Perry.
Missionaries often were sent to
Pardee. Two of them were Bunie Lacks and Evangeline Taylor. In addition to
teaching Bible, they taught singing and crocheting. They held young people's
meeting on Saturday afternoons and taught Bible school in the summers.