Person Page - 357

     André de Baudemont, seigneur de Braine-sur-Vesle, senéchal de Champagne was born circa 1060. He married Agnes (?).¹ André de Baudemont, seigneur de Braine-sur-Vesle, senéchal de Champagne died after 1105. Died a monk.

     Ayelmna (?) was born circa 1068. She married Seigneur of Vedène Giraud Amic, son of Peter Amic and Agnes (?), before 1093. Ayelmna (?) died after 1105.

     Also called Graf von Pfirt-Altkirch und Bar Dietrich I von Bar.² Thierry I, comte de Bar was the successor of Sophie, Grafin von Bar; Countess of Bar. Thierry I, comte de Bar was born circa 1045. He was the son of Louis, comte de Montbéliard and Sophie, Grafin von Bar.¹ Thierry I, comte de Bar married Ermentrude de Bourgogne, daughter of Guillaume I "Tête hardie", comte de Bourgogne & de Vienne and Etiennette de Barcelona, in 1065.³ Count of Pfirt-Altkirch between 1076 and 1105.² Comte de Montbelliard, de Bar, de Mouson, de Ferrette, & de Verdun at Lorraine between 1093 and 1105.¹ Thierry I, comte de Bar died on 2 January 1105.

     Friedrich I, Herzog von Schwaben was born in 1050. He was the son of Graf von Riesgau Friedrich von Büren and Hildegarde, Gräfin von Büren, Pfalzgrägfin im Breisgau. Friedrich I, Herzog von Schwaben was the successor of Rudolf, Gegenkönig von Deutschland; Duke of Swabia.^2,3,4 Friedrich I, Herzog von Schwaben succeeded his wife Agnes' aunt Matilda's husband, Rudolph of Rhinefelden to the Duchy of Swabia in 1080. Duke of Swabia at Kingdom of Germany, German Empire, between 15 October 1080 and 1105.² He married Agnes von Waiblingen, Herzogin von Schwaben, daughter of Heinrich IV, Kaiser der Römisches Reich and Bertha de Savoie, in 1089; Her 1st.^5,6 Friedrich I, Herzog von Schwaben was built the castle at Hohenstaufen. He was founded the monastery of Lorsch. He died on 20 January 1105 at age 55 years.⁵ Friedrich I, Herzog von Schwaben was buried in Lorsch Monastery, Germany.

      Also called Raimond de Saint-Gilles. Raimond IV, comte de Toulouse was born in 1047? At Toulouse, France. He was the son of Pons III, comte de Toulouse and Adelmodie de la Marche. Raimond IV, comte de Toulouse was the successor of Guillaume IV, comte de Toulouse; Count of Toulouse.¹ Raimond IV, comte de Toulouse married N. N. de Provence, daughter of Foulques Bertrand de Provence and N. N. de Toulouse; His 1st.² Count of Toulouse at Aquitaine, France, between 1088 and 1105.¹ Raimond IV, comte de Toulouse received Pope Urban II on his estates in 1095. He would take the crusaders cross with enthusiasm, vowing to never return to his own dominions. He would die in the Holy Land in the service of God. He was a witness where knez Duklje Konstantin Bodin Vojislavici had a cordial meeting with the passing count Raymond de Tolouse during the First Crusade in 1096.³ Raimond IV, comte de Toulouse was leader of the third major contingent that comprised the First Crusade, the oldest and most prominent of the Crusading princes, and he aspired and perhaps expected to become the leader of the entire expedition, in August 1096. He married Elvira Alfonso de Castilla, daughter of Alfonso VI Fernández "el Bravo", rey de León and Jimena Muñoz de Asturias, before 1097; Her 1st.^4,5 Raimond IV, comte de Toulouse arrived on 27 April 1097 at Constantinople. He was accompanied by Adhémar, bishop of Le Puy, whom the Pope had named as legate for the Crusade. Raymond led his followers, including a number of noncombatant pilgrims whom he supported at his own expense, across north Italy, around the head of the Adriatic, thence southward into Byzantine territory. This large body caused considerable trouble in Dalmatia and with Byzantine troops policing the area nearer the capital. He was particularly favored, by Emperor Alexius, because the Emperor saw in him superior prudence, tested sincerity, candor of bearing, and finally, such great zeal for truth that he never placed anything before it, and he was as far superior to all the other Latins in all virtues as the sun is above the other stars, and for this reason, therefore, the Emperor kept him near him for the time being in May 1097.⁶ He restored the city of Laodicea to the Byzantine Emperor Alexius, but could not prevent Bohemond from taking Antioch in 1098, and out of spite against the Norman chief he became reconciled with the Emperor Alexius, in February 1099. He took an active part in the capture of Jerusalem and following the Holy City's fall, he refused to take the title of it's King, and returned instead to Constantinople on 8 July 1099. Count of Tripoli at Lebanon, Outremer, between 1101 and 1105.⁷ He led another expedition of crusaders, but was defeated by the Turks, and afterwards he was imprisoned in Tarsus by Tancred in 1102. He captured Tripoli in 1103. He died on 28 February 1105 at Mont Pèlerin?, Tripoli, Outremer, at age 58 years.⁸ He was the predecessor of Alfonso-Jordon, comte de Toulouse, duc de Narbonne; Count of Tripoli.⁷ Raimond IV, comte de Toulouse was the predecessor of Bertrand, comte de Toulouse, de Rodez, d'Albi et de Tripoli; Count of Toulouse.¹

     Also called Erbin der Grafschaft Mömpelgard Irmintrud von Burgund.³ Ermentrude de Bourgogne was born circa 1060. She was the daughter of Guillaume I "Tête hardie", comte de Bourgogne & de Vienne and Etiennette de Barcelona.² Ermentrude de Bourgogne married Thierry I, comte de Bar, son of Louis, comte de Montbéliard and Sophie, Grafin von Bar, in 1065.² Ermentrude de Bourgogne died after 8 March 1105.

     Also called Elisabeth von Österreich.¹ Elisabeth von Babenberg was the eldest daughter of Markgrafen Liutpold II von Österreich.¹ She was born circa 1074. She was the daughter of Liutpold II "der Schöne", Markgraf von Österreich and Itha von Cham, Markgräfin von Österreich. Elisabeth von Babenberg married Markgraf von Steiermark Otakar II von Steiermark, son of Markgraf von Steiermark Otakar I von Steiermark and Markgräfin der Kärntner Mark Willibirg von Eppenstein, in 1090.^2,3 Elisabeth von Babenberg died on 10 October 1105.¹ In the annals for 1107: "Otakerus marchio Stirie et Elysabeth (soror Leupoldi marchionis Austrie) uxor eius construxerunt monasterium in Guersten."⁴ She died on 10 October 1107 or 10 October 1110.²

     Simon de Hauteville was the successor of Roger I, comte de Sicile; Count of Sicily and Calabria. Simon de Hauteville was born in 1093.^2,3 He was the son of Roger I, comte de Sicile and Adelaide di Savona, comtesse de Sicile.^1,2 Count of Sicily at Norman Italy between 1101 and 1105.² Simon de Hauteville was the predecessor of Adelaide di Savona, comtesse de Sicile; Dowager Countess of Sicily.⁴ Simon de Hauteville died on 28 November 1105 at age 12 years.⁵ He was the predecessor of Roger II "le Magne", roi de Sicile; Grand Count of Sicily.^2,6

     Also called Mechthild von der Karantanischen Mark.² Mathilda, Gräfin von Formbach was born before 1050. She was the daughter of Gottfried, Markgraf von der Karantanischen Mark. Mathilda, Gräfin von Formbach married Ekbert I, Graf von Formbach und Neuburg, son of Bruno, Graf von Formbach, Graf im Künziggau; His 2nd.¹ Mathilda, Gräfin von Formbach died circa 1106.

     Robert Marmion witnessed a notita relating to the abbey of Holy Trinity in 1091 at Rouen, Normandy.¹ He died circa 1106.¹

     Thierry d' Oisy was the son of seigneur d' Avesnes Gautier I d' Oisy and Ida von Doornick.¹ Also called Seigneur d'Oisy Dietrich von Avesnes.² Thierry d' Oisy married Richilde de Hainaut, daughter of Baudouin III, comte de Hainaut and Jolanda van Wassenberg; Her 1st.^2,3 Thierry d' Oisy died in 1106.¹

     Hamelin I d' Anthenaise was born in 1040.¹ He was the son of seigneur Joscelin d' Anthenaise and Agnes de Bazougers.¹ Hamelin I d' Anthenaise married Dometi (?) in 1075.¹ Hamelin I d' Anthenaise died in 1106 at age 66 years.¹

     Arnulf II, comte de Chiny was born circa 1035. He was the son of Louis II, comte de Chiny and Sophia de Verdun. Arnulf II, comte de Chiny married Adele de Roucy, daughter of Hilduin IV, comte de Montdidier and Alix, comtesse de Roucy, before 1060; His 3rd.² Arnulf II, comte de Chiny was founded Paies Priory in 1068. He was founded Chiny Priory in 1097. He was founded the Abbey of Orval in 1097 at Belgium. He died on 16 April 1106 at St. Hubert's. Died a monk.

     Also called Count Geoffrey IV of Anjou. Comte d' Anjou Geoffroy "Martel" d' Anjou IV was the predecessor of Foulques IV "le Rechin", comte d' Anjou; 7th Count of Anjou.¹ Comte d' Anjou Geoffroy "Martel" d' Anjou IV was born before 1081.¹ He was the son of Foulques IV "le Rechin", comte d' Anjou and Ermengarde de Bourbon.^1,2 Comte d' Anjou Geoffroy "Martel" d' Anjou IV ruled Anjou jointly with his father in 1098.¹ 8th Count of Anjou at France between 14 April 1099 and 1106.¹ He was the predecessor of Foulques V "le Jeune", roi de Jérusalem; 9th Count of Anjou.¹ Comte d' Anjou Geoffroy "Martel" d' Anjou IV died on 19 May 1106 at Candé, Normandy, France. He died at the siege of Candé, unmarried, and before his father.¹

     Heinrich IV, Kaiser der Römisches Reich was related to Agnes von Waiblingen, Herzogin von Schwaben; the daughter of Emperor Henry IV by his first wife Bertha of Turin, daughter of Count Otto.^5,6 Heinrich IV, Kaiser der Römisches Reich was related to Heinrich IV, Kaiser der Römisches Reich; the second son of Henry IV and his first wife, Bertha of Turin.⁷ Heinrich IV, Kaiser der Römisches Reich was born on 11 November 1050 at Goslar, Saxony, Germany.^8,4,9 He was the son of Heinrich III "der Schwarze", Kaiser der Römisches Reich and Agnès, Kaiserin der Römisches Reich.^3,4 Heinrich IV, Kaiser der Römisches Reich was selected as successor of his father in 1053.⁸ He was crowned in 1054 at Aachen.⁴ He as sole surviving son of Henry the Black, he succeeding him at age six to the throne of Germany in 1056. Duke of Franconia at Kingdom of Germany, German Empire, between 1056 and 1106. He was a witness where Agnès, Kaiserin der Römisches Reich assumed the regency for her son between 5 October 1056 and 1062.¹⁰ King of Germany at German Empire between 5 October 1056 and 1106.^11,4 Heinrich IV, Kaiser der Römisches Reich married Bertha de Savoie, daughter of Odo, comte de Savoie and Markgräfin von Turin, Herzogin von Schwaben Adelheid von Turin, on 13 July 1066; His 1st.^3,12,13,14 Annales Mellicensis 1067: "Heinricus imperator Berihtam, filiam Ottonis comitus duxit uxorem."¹⁴ Heinrich IV, Kaiser der Römisches Reich was rebelled against by the combined dukes Welf, of Bavaria, and Rudolph, of Swabia in 1073.¹⁴ He was quelled the Saxons in June 1075. He was had twentysix German bishops refuse him obedience at an assembly, following his deposing Pope Gregory VII, in January 1076 at Worms, Germany. He was deposed and banned, for the first time, by Pope Gregory VII on 22 February 1076.¹⁵ Pope Gregory VII: "O St. Peter, chief of the apostles, incline to us, I beg, thy holy ears, and hear me thy servant whom thou has nourished from infancy, and whom, until this day, thou hast freed from the hand of the wicked, who have hated and do hate me for my faithfulness to thee. Thou, and my mistress the mother of God, and thy brother St. Paul are witnesses for me among all the saints that thy holy Roman church drew me to its helm against my will; that I had no thought of ascending thy chair through force, and that I would rather have ended my life as a pilgrim than, by secular means, to have seized thy throne . for the sake of earthly glory. And therefore I believe it to be through thy grace and not through my own deeds that it has pleased and does please thee that the Christian people, who have been especially committed to thee, should obey me. And especially to me, as thy representative and by thy favour, has the power been granted by God of binding and loosing in Heaven and on earth. On the strength of this belief therefore, for the honour and security of thy church, in the name of Almighty God, Father, Son and Holy Ghost, I withdraw, through thy power and authority, from Henry the king, son of Henry the emperor, who has risen against thy church with unheard of insolence, the rule over the whole kingdom of the Germans and over Italy. And I absolve all Christians from the bonds of the oath which they have made or shall make to him; and I forbid any one to serve him as king. For it is fitting that he who strives to lessen the honour of thy church should himself lose the honour which belongs to him. And since he has scorned to obey as a Christian, and has not returned to God whom he had deserted-holding intercourse with the excommunicated; practising manifold iniquities; spurning my commands which, as thou dost bear witness, I issued to him for his own salvation; separating himself from thy church and striving to rend it-I bind him in thy stead with the chain of the anathema. And, leaning on thee, I so bind him that the people may know and have proof that thou art Peter, and above thy rock the Son of the living God hath built His church, and the gates of Hell shall not prevail against it." On 22 February 1076.¹⁵ He did penance to the pope and surrendered his authority over the church in 1077 at Canossa, Italy. He was banned and dethroned (excommunicated), for the second time, after the failed effort at reconciliation at Canossa, by Pope Gregory VII on 7 March 1080.¹⁶ Gegenkönig Hermann I von Salm ruled in opposition of Heinrich IV, Kaiser der Römisches Reich; King of Germany.¹⁷ He was a witness where Dirk "de Rossige", Graaf van de Veluwe a faithful supporter of the Emperor Henry IV, and thereby an enemy of Duke Godfried IV of Bouillon-Lothringen.¹⁸ Heinrich IV, Kaiser der Römisches Reich was a witness where Robert "Guiscard", duc d' Apulia recalled to Italy to help the Pope expel the German king Henry IV, who was marching on Rome en route to claiming southern Italy for the Holy Roman Empire circa 1084.¹⁹ Heinrich IV, Kaiser der Römisches Reich marched on Rome en route to claiming southern Italy for the Holy Roman Empire circa 1084.¹⁹ Emperor of the Romans at German Empire between 1084 and 1105.¹⁹ He was crowned Emperor on 31 March 1084. He was a witness where Robert "Guiscard", duc d' Apulia returned home and suppressed the revolts of the lords hostile to himself and to Pope Gregory VII, he then defeated the army of the German King, Henry IV, and finally escorted the Pope to Salerno circa July 1084.¹⁹ Heinrich IV, Kaiser der Römisches Reich married Eupraxia Vsevolodovna, daughter of Vsevolod I Yaroslavich, Prince of Pereyaslavl, Chernigov, and Kiev and Maria Monomacha, in 1089; His 2nd.³ Heinrich IV, Kaiser der Römisches Reich was a witness where Konrad, Herzog von Nieder-Lothringen removed from the German throne by his father, the Emperor, and replaced with his seventeen old brother, Henry V, in 1098.²⁰ Heinrich IV, Kaiser der Römisches Reich imprisoned and forced to abdicate by his son on 31 December 1105.⁷ He was defeated his son Henry V's army with the aid of the Lotharingians on 22 March 1106 at Vise, Belgium. He died on 7 August 1106 at Lüttich-Louvain, Lorraine, at age 55 years, 8 months and 27 days.^8,4,9,20,21 Annales Mellicensis 1106: "Heinricus IV imperator obiit 7 Idus Augusti."²¹ Heinrich IV, Kaiser der Römisches Reich was buried in the Dom, Speyer, Germany. He was buried, five years after his death, in keeping with his wishes, in the Cathedral of Speyer.²²

     Dietrich III von Katlenburg was born circa 1083. He was the son of Dietrich II von Katlenburg and Gertrude von Braunschweig, Gräfin von Eilenburg, Katlenburg, und Northeim.¹ Dietrich III von Katlenburg died on 12 August 1106.¹

     Adelaide von Pottenstein was named for her paternal great-grandmother, Adala.³ She was born in 1061. She was the daughter of Botho, Graf von Pottenstein and Judith von Schweinfurt, Herzogin von Bayern.² Adelaide von Pottenstein married Heinrich I, Herzog von Limburg, son of Walram II, Graf von Arlon-Limburg and Jutta, Erbin von Limburg, Gräfin von Arlon, circa 1080. Adelaide von Pottenstein died after 13 August 1106.²

     Magnus Billung, Herzog von Sachsen was born before 1045.² He was the son of Ordulf, Herzog von Sachsen and Wulfhilda Óláfsdóttir. Magnus Billung, Herzog von Sachsen married Sophia, Hercegnõ Magyarország, daughter of Béla I, Király Magyarország and Tuta von Formbach, Königin von Ungarn, between 1070 and 1071; His 2nd. Her 2nd, widowed.^4,5,6 Magnus Billung, Herzog von Sachsen succeeded his father to the duchy of Saxony in 1072. Duke of Saxony at German Empire between 1072 and 1106.^7,8 He was was an enemy of Emperor Henry IV. He was the predecessor of Lothar II von Supplinburg, Kaiser der Römisches Reich; Duke of Saxony.^7,9 Magnus Billung, Herzog von Sachsen died on 23 August 1106. With the death of Magnus Billung, the Billung Family died out.^10,5,8 Magnus Billung, Herzog von Sachsen was buried in Artlemburg.

     Zaida of Seville was possibly identical with Elizabeth "of France."¹ She was definitely given a Christian name of Isabel/Elizabeth, information from no less than Bishop Pelayo of Oviedo, who also informs us that "babtizata Helisabeth fuit vocitata.".² Her married name was Isabel. She was per contemporary arabic sources described as daughter-in-law of the ruler of Seville, not his daughter, and any attempt to identify her paternity has not moved beyond the level of wild guesswork.³ She has been confused with or identified for Elizabeth of France; possibly the same person as Zaida, the former wife of Fath al-Mamun of Seville.¹ Zaida of Seville was born circa 1061.⁴ She married Fath al-Mamun ibn Muhammad al-Isbili, son of King of Sevilla Muhammad III ibn 'Abbad al-Mu'tamid abu'l-Qasim al-Isbili, before 1075; Her 1st.⁴ Zaida of Seville associated with Alfonso VI Fernández "el Bravo", rey de León, son of Fernando I Sánchez "el Magno", rey de Castilla y de León and reine de Castilla Sancha Alfonsez de León, in 1091/92; Mistress.⁵ Zaida of Seville married Alfonso VI Fernández "el Bravo", rey de León, son of Fernando I Sánchez "el Magno", rey de Castilla y de León and reine de Castilla Sancha Alfonsez de León, on 26 March 1106.^2,5 Zaida of Seville was a witness where Alfonso VI Fernández "el Bravo", rey de León decided to take the first step toward proclaiming young Sancho as his heir, "regnante rege illdefonso in legione eiusdemque helisabet regina sub maritali copula legaliter aderente" and this is without doubt also proof that he formally married Zaida, who had been baptized as with the Christian name of Isabel, on 27 March 1106.⁶ Zaida of Seville died on 13 September 1106. Her sepulchral inscription, variously reported, informs that she died in childbirth on either Monday, the 13th of September, or Thursday, the 13th of September, without reporting the year of her death. (In 1109, 13 Sep was Monday, in 1106, 13 Sep was Thursday. Both Isabels were dead in 1107, so the 1106 year is a sounder year.).⁷

     Also called Roger le Bigod.² Also called Roger Bigot.³ Roger "the Sheriff" le Bigod was born circa 1060?. He was the son of Robert le Bigod.¹ Roger "the Sheriff" le Bigod had six lordships in Essex, diverse manors in Norfolk, and one hundred and seventeen lordships in Suffolk in 1086 at England.^4,5 Sheriff of Norfolk and Suffolk at England in 1086.⁴ He was adhered to the party which took up arms against William Rufus, in the first year of William's reign, fortifying the castle at Norwich and wasting the country around circa 1088 at Norfolk, England.⁵ He married Adelicia de Tosny of Belvoir, daughter of Robert de Tosny of Belvoir and Adelais (?).^6,7,8 Roger "the Sheriff" le Bigod a supporter of Henry I, being a witness to his laws, and as a gift from the crown obtained Framlingham after 1100 at Suffolk, England.⁵ He founded, on the advice of King Henry, Maud the Queen, Hubert Bishop of Norwich, and his own wife, the Lady Adeliza, one of the daughters and co-heirs of Hugh de Grentmesnil, seneschal of England, the Abbey of Thetford in 1103 at Norfolk, England.^1,5 He died in 1107.⁷ He died in 1107.^1,3 Roger "the Sheriff" le Bigod was buried in the Abbey, Thetford, England.^1,5

     Robert fitz Hamon, Lord of Glamorgan was a favorite of King William II who gave him the lands of Queen Matilda which had been sought by the king's younger brother Henry.³ He was benefactor of Caen, Sées, and Mont-Saint-Michel.³ Lord of Tewkesbury at England.⁴ Also called Robert filius Haimonis.³ He was born circa 1070?. He was the son of Sheriff of Kent Haimo dapifer.^2,3 Robert fitz Hamon, Lord of Glamorgan married Sybil de Montgomery, daughter of Roger de Montgomery, Earl of Shrewsbury.³ Robert fitz Hamon, Lord of Glamorgan sustained serious injuries in 1105.³ He died in 1107. The grants of Robert and his knights to Tewksbury were confirmed in 1109, two years after his death.³

     Thibaud, seigneur de Dampierre, de S. Just & de S. Dizier en Champagne was born circa 1060. He married Isabeau de Montlhéry, daughter of Miles I "le Grand", seigneur de Montlhéry & de Bray and Lithuise, vicomtesse de Troyes, before 1100.² Thibaud, seigneur de Dampierre, de S. Just & de S. Dizier en Champagne died in 1107.³

     Baldwin de Redvers was born circa 1035.¹ He was the son of N. N. de Redvers.¹ Baldwin de Redvers was accompanied William the Conqueror in the invasion of England in 1066.¹ He was founder, by permission of William the Conqueror, of Monteburgh, an abbey in Normandy, in 1080.¹ He was one of the principal counsellors and champions of Prince Henry in his conflicts with his brother, Robert Court-heuse, before 1100.¹ He was rewarded by Henry for his service by "the gift of Tiverton and Plympton, and the third penny of the pleas of the county of Devon" after 1100.¹ He died in 1107.¹ Baldwin de Redvers was buried in the Abbey, Monteburgh, Normandy, France.¹

     Richard I de Redvers was born circa 1070?. He was the son of Baldwin de Redvers.¹ Richard I de Redvers married Adeliza Peverel, daughter of Lord of Nottingham William Peverel the Elder and Adelina of Lancaster.² Richard I de Redvers died in 1107.² He associated with Plympton and Tiverton as a land owner in 1107 at Devonshire, England.³

     Milo Crispin was a Norman, of the Family of Crispin, from Eure, Normandy.² Also called Miles Crispin.³ He immigrated to England arriving circa 1080.² He married Matilda d' Oilly, daughter of Constable of Oxford Robert I d' Oilly and Alditha of Wallingford, in 1084 at Easter.^1,3 Milo Crispin assumed his father-in-law's responsibilities as castellan of Wallingford after 1084.³ He witness to a charter in which Robert, son of Martin, agreed to a gift given to the abbey of Lonley in 1107 at or before.⁴ He died in 1107.² He was a witness where Robert fitz Martin agreed to the gift by William de Falaise, his step-father, and Geva of their in interest in certain tithes to the abbey of Lonley in 1107 at or before.⁴

     Also called Yde de Louvain.² Gräfin von Hennegau Ida von Löwen was born circa 1070.¹ She was the daughter of Heinrich II, Graf von Löwen and Adela von Tweisterbant.¹ Gräfin von Hennegau Ida von Löwen married Baudouin II "de Jerusalem", comte de Hainaut, son of Boudewijn VI, Graaf van Vlaanderen and Richilde de Mons, comtesse de Hainaut, in 1084.^1,3 Gräfin von Hennegau Ida von Löwen died after 1107.¹

     Siegried II von Walbeck was born circa 1032. He was the son of Lothar IV, Graf von Walbeck and N. N. (?). Siegried II von Walbeck died after 1107.

     Mathilde de Montsoreau was born after 1091.¹ She was the daughter of Gautier II, seigneur de Montsoreau and Grescie de Montreuil.¹ Mathilde de Montsoreau married Aimery IV de Loudun, seigneur de Faye la Vineuse, son of Aimery III "le Riche" de Loudun, seigneur de Faye la Vineuse and Eustachie (?).¹ Mathilde de Montsoreau died after 1107.¹

     Reinaud de Warenne was born circa 1065. He was the son of Guillaume I de Varennes, 1st Earl of Surrey and Gundred of Flanders.¹ Reinaud de Warenne witnessed the will of Guillaume I de Varennes, 1st Earl of Surrey in 1088; William of Warenne, when dying, made his two sons his heirs by the king's decree, William in England and Reynold in Flanders. ... "Willemus autem de Warennia apud obsidionem Peveneselli sagitta in crure valde vulneratus, Leuwias cum omnium mœrore deportatus est. Cumque sibi mortem imminere videret, duos filios suos juxta regis decretum hæredes fecit, Willelmum videlicet in Anglia et Reginaldum in Flandria, et sic in pace quievit in Domino, cujus corpus a beato patre Lanzone et tota congregatione Sancti Pancratii debito honore est susceptum, et infra claustra monasterii juxta conjugem ante annos defunctam tumulatum."² Reinaud de Warenne was heir to his father, by the king's decree, to the estates in Flanders in 1088.¹ He led the assault on Rouen in support of William II in 1090 at Normandy.³ He supported Duke Robert of Normandy against Henry I in 1105.³ He was a witness where Robert III "Courteheuse", duc de Normandie and Henri I "Beauclerc", roi d' Angleterre fought several battles of succession, ending with the Battle of Tinchebrai on 28 September 1106 at the Battle of Tinchebrai, France. Reinaud de Warenne was captured by Henry I the following year, but freed shortly before the Battle of Tinchebrai on 28 September 1106.⁴ He died between 1107 and 1118. He was dead by the time of a charter made by his brother William of Warenne, between 1107 and 1118 .^1,5

     Also called King Edgar of Scotland. Etgair mac Máel Coluim, rí Alban was born in 1074.^1,3 He was the son of Máel Coluim mac Donnchadha, Ard-rí Alban and St. Margaret, Queen of Scotland.^1,3 Etgair mac Máel Coluim, rí Alban succeeded his imprisoned brother, Edmund, and exiled uncle Donald Bane (III), probably through the help of his uncle Edgar Aethling, in October 1097.³ King of Scots between October 1097 and 8 January 1107.³ He died on 8 January 1106/7 at Edinburgh, Scotland, at age 33 years. He died unmarried.^1,3,4 Annals of Ulster 1106: "Etgar, king of Scotland, died. / Etgair ri Alban mortuus est."² Etgair mac Máel Coluim, rí Alban was buried in Dunfermline Abbey, Fife, Scotland.¹

     N. N. (?) was born circa 1070. She married Vladimir II Monomakh Vsevolodovich, Prince of Pereyaslavl, Smolensk, Chernigov, and Kiev, son of Vsevolod I Yaroslavich, Prince of Pereyaslavl, Chernigov, and Kiev and Maria Monomacha, before 1090; His 2nd.¹ N. N. (?) was mother of Vladimirs three younger sons, and probably his three daugters too (if dates of their marriages are any indication) between 1090 and 1107.² She died on 7 May 1107. Monomakh himself mentions this episode in his "Lesson to my children", and refers to the woman as "Yuri's mother" ("Gurgeneva mati").¹

     Also called Raimundo de Borgoña Spanish.² Raymond, comte de Bourgogne was the successor of Guillaume I "Tête hardie", comte de Bourgogne & de Vienne; Count of Burgundy. Raymond, comte de Bourgogne was born in 1065 at Burgundy, France. He was the son of Guillaume I "Tête hardie", comte de Bourgogne & de Vienne and Etiennette de Barcelona. Raymond, comte de Bourgogne apparently journeyed to Spain in the expedition of Duke Eudes, which foundered at the siege of Tudela, between 1086 and 1087.³ He was proceeded to León for a visit with his great-aunt, Queen Constance, and almost immediately was betrothed to Urraca, then at most eight years old (and possibly was also married to her, for he begins to appear as the son-in-law of Alfonso VI in dating protocols) circa 1087.³ A contract for the marriage of Raymond, comte de Bourgogne and Urraca, reina de León y de Castilla was signed circa 1087. Raymond, comte de Bourgogne enlisted by his future father-in-law as viceregent in Galicia in 1087.⁴ Count of Burgundy between 1087 and 1097. He married Urraca, reina de León y de Castilla, daughter of Alfonso VI Fernández "el Bravo", rey de León and Constance de Bourgogne, circa 1093 at Toledo, Castile - La Mancha, Spain; Her 1st. 3rd cousins, 1x removed.^5,6,7,8 Raymond, comte de Bourgogne was a witness where Alfonso VI Fernández "el Bravo", rey de León granted a royal charter to the Bishop of Oviedo, accompanied by his queen and his two daughters by her, the infantas Sancha and Elvira; the king's son by Zaida and his sons-in-law and their wives also confirmed, on 16 March 1104 at Asturia.⁹ Raymond, comte de Bourgogne died between 13 September 1107 and 20 September 1107 at Grajal, Spain. He died on his lands at Grajal in the presence of Bishop Diego Gelmírez of Compostela.¹⁰ Raymond, comte de Bourgogne was buried in the Cathedral, Santiago de Compostela, La Coruña Province, Galicia, Spain.¹¹

     Also called Gérard de Vaudémont. Graf von Vaudemont Gerhard I von Ober-Lothringen was the younger son of Herzog Gerhard von Ober-Lothringen and Hedwig von Namur, daughter of Graf Albert.¹ He was born in 1057.³ He was the son of Gerhard, Herzog von Ober-Lothringen and Hedwige de Namur.^1,2 Graf von Vaudemont Gerhard I von Ober-Lothringen was an opponent of the Bishops of Toul.¹ He married Erbin von Egisheim Hedwig von Egisheim, daughter of Gerard II von Egisheim and Petronilla of Verdun, in 1070.^3,2,1 Count of Vaudemont at Lorraine, France, between 1070 and 1108.¹ Graf von Vaudemont Gerhard I von Ober-Lothringen died before 1108.¹ Graf von Vaudemont Gerhard I von Ober-Lothringen was buried in Belval.

     Also called Guy de Rochefort.¹ Also called Guy of Rochefort.³ Guy "le Rouge" de Montlhéry, senechal de France was born circa 1045. He was the son of Guy I, seigneur de Montlhéry and Hodierne de Gommets. Guy "le Rouge" de Montlhéry, senechal de France married Elizabeth, dame de Crécy before 1075; His 2nd. Her 2nd (widow).² 8th Senechal of France in 1093.¹ Comte de Rochefort en Yveline.² Seigneur de Châteaufort, de Gournay-sur-Marne, & de Crecy en Brie.⁴ Guy "le Rouge" de Montlhéry, senechal de France was on Crusade in 1101.³ He died in 1108.⁵

     Gertrude, Królewna Polska was born in 1025.¹ She was the daughter of Mieszko II Lambert, Król Polska and Richeza von Bonngau.¹ Gertrude, Królewna Polska married Izyaslav I Dmitrij Yaroslavich, Prince of Kiev, son of Yaroslav I Mudriy Vladimirovich, Grand Prince of Kiev and Ingigerth, in 1050.¹ Gertrude, Królewna Polska died on 4 January 1108 at age 83 years.

      Sancho Alfonsez de Castilla was born circa September 1093.¹ He was the son of Alfonso VI Fernández "el Bravo", rey de León and Zaida of Seville.¹ Sancho Alfonsez de Castilla was a witness where Alfonso VI Fernández "el Bravo", rey de León granted a royal charter to the Bishop of Oviedo, accompanied by his queen and his two daughters by her, the infantas Sancha and Elvira; the king's son by Zaida and his sons-in-law and their wives also confirmed, on 16 March 1104 at Asturia.² Sancho Alfonsez de Castilla was a witness where Alfonso VI Fernández "el Bravo", rey de León decided to take the first step toward proclaiming young Sancho as his heir, "regnante rege illdefonso in legione eiusdemque helisabet regina sub maritali copula legaliter aderente" and this is without doubt also proof that he formally married Zaida, who had been baptized as with the Christian name of Isabel, on 27 March 1106.³ Sancho Alfonsez de Castilla died on 30 May 1108 at Uclés. Killed in battle at the hands of the Murâbits at the battle of Uclés.⁴

      Philippe I "Amorons", roi des Francs was so described: physically gross and unattractive.⁵ He was the successor of Henri I, roi des Francs; King of the West Franks.^6,7 Philippe I "Amorons", roi des Francs was born in 1052.³ He was the son of Henri I, roi des Francs and Anna Yaroslavna.^2,3,4 Philippe I "Amorons", roi des Francs was crowned as King of the West Franks on 23 May 1059 at Rheims.^4,5 He was a witness where Boudewijn V "van Rijsel", Graaf van Vlaanderen appointed regent of France (an indication of the power he held) during the minority of Philip I in 1060.⁸ Styled par la grâce de Dieu, roi des Francs. Count of Paris after 1060. Philippe I "Amorons", roi des Francs succeeded his father to the throne of France on 4 August 1060.⁵ King of the West Franks between 1060 and 1108.⁶ Annals of Monte Fernando 1070: "Bellum inter Philippum regem Francie, et Robertum comitem Flandrie, victus est rex Philippus."⁹ He was a witness where Richilde de Mons, comtesse de Hainaut at age fiftytwo, led her troops on horseback and met her Flemish enemies in battle, with the support of the King of France, Philip I, on her side, but resolved nothing of the differences between Hainault and Flanders on 22 February 1071 at Ravenshoven, Kassel, Germany.^10,11 Philippe I "Amorons", roi des Francs married Bertha van Holland, daughter of Floris I, Graaf van Holland and Gertrude von Sachsen, in 1072; His 1st.^{12,2,3,4,13,7} Philippe I "Amorons", roi des Francs and Bertha van Holland were divorced in 1091; Repudiated.^{12,2,3,4,14,7} Philippe I "Amorons", roi des Francs married Bertrade de Montfort, comtessa d' Anjou, daughter of Simon I, seigneur de Montfort and Agnes d' Évereux, on 15 May 1092; His 2nd. Her 2nd.^15,16,17 Philippe I "Amorons", roi des Francs and Bertrade de Montfort, comtessa d' Anjou were divorced in 1104; Repudiated.⁴ Annals of Monte Fernando 1108: "Ob. Philippus rex Francie, successit Lodowicus filius ejus."¹⁸ Philippe I "Amorons", roi des Francs died on 3 August 1108 at Meulan-sur-Seine, Yvelines, Île-de-France, France, at age 56 years. He had ruled for 48 years. He died, perhaps, of malaria.⁵ He was the predecessor of Louis VI "le Gros", roi des Francs; King of the West Franks.⁶ Philippe I "Amorons", roi des Francs was buried in the Abbey, St-Benoît-sur-Loire, Loiret, Centre, France.⁵

     Heinrich II, Vogt von St. Nikolaus in Passau, Graf von Formbach was born circa 1040?. He was the son of Bruno, Graf von Formbach, Graf im Künziggau.² Heinrich II, Vogt von St. Nikolaus in Passau, Graf von Formbach married Adelheid, Gräfin von Reichenhall und Formbach, daughter of Gebhard I, Graf von Sulzbach and N. N. von Nordgau; Her 1st.^1,3 Heinrich II, Vogt von St. Nikolaus in Passau, Graf von Formbach died after 6 November 1108.⁴

     Also called Guy-Raymond d' Albon.³ Guigues-Raimond d' Albon was born in 1040?. He was the son of comte d' Albon Guigues I "le Vieil" d' Albon and Gothelene (?).² Guigues-Raimond d' Albon married Ide Raymonde, comtesse de Forez, daughter of Artaud V, comte de Lyon & de Forest and N. N. (?), in 1091; Her 2nd.⁴ Guigues-Raimond d' Albon died before 1109.³

     Eupraxia Vsevolodovna was born after 1046 at Kiev, the Ukraine. She was the daughter of Vsevolod I Yaroslavich, Prince of Pereyaslavl, Chernigov, and Kiev and Maria Monomacha. Eupraxia Vsevolodovna married Heinrich IV, Kaiser der Römisches Reich, son of Heinrich III "der Schwarze", Kaiser der Römisches Reich and Agnès, Kaiserin der Römisches Reich, in 1089; His 2nd.¹ Eupraxia Vsevolodovna died in 1109.¹

     Adalbert I, Graf von Saffenberg und Nörvenich founded Kloster Klosterrath.¹ Vogt von Cornelimünster.¹ Vogt zu St. Martin at Cologne.¹ He was born circa 1057?. He was the son of Hermann IV, Graf von Saffenberg and Gepa von Werl.¹ Adalbert I, Graf von Saffenberg und Nörvenich married Mechtild (?).¹ Adalbert I, Graf von Saffenberg und Nörvenich died in 1109.²

     Theodora Tarchaniotes was born in 1073.¹ She was the daughter of Michael Tarchaniotes and Anna Dermokaita.¹ Theodora Tarchaniotes married Andronikos Rhodocanakis, son of John Rhodocanakis and Anna Tornica, circa 1093.¹ Theodora Tarchaniotes died in 1109 at age 36 years.¹

     Julienne du Perche was born circa 1069. She was the daughter of Geoffroy II, comte de Mortagne and Beatrix de Roucy.¹ Julienne du Perche married Gilbert, Seigneur de l'Aigle, son of Richer de Laigle and Judith d' Avranches, in 1091.¹ Julienne du Perche died after 1109.

     William I de Sabran was born circa 1068. He was the son of Rostaing II de Sabran. William I de Sabran married Adalaicia (?) before 1090; (RFC says 1138?!). William I de Sabran was went on the 1st Crusade between 1096 and 1099. He died in January 1109.

     Foulques IV "le Rechin", comte d' Anjou also went by the name of Fulk "the Harsh" of Anjou. He was born in 1043.^2,1 He was the son of Geoffroy II "Ferreol", comte de Gâtinais and Ermengarde d'Anjou.¹ Foulques IV "le Rechin", comte d' Anjou was the successor of Geoffroy III "le Barbu", comte d' Anjou; 6th Count of Anjou.¹ 7th Count of Anjou between 1060 and 1099.¹ Foulques IV "le Rechin", comte d' Anjou married Hildegarde Lancelote de Beaugency, daughter of Lancelin II, seigneur de Beaugency and Adelberge (?); His 1st.³ Foulques IV "le Rechin", comte d' Anjou deposed his brother Geoffrey the Bearded to become the sole rule of Anjou in 1067.¹ He married Ermengarde de Bourbon, daughter of Archambaud IV "le Fort", sire de Bourbon and Philippe d' Auvergne, in 1070; His 2nd.^1,4 Foulques IV "le Rechin", comte d' Anjou and Ermengarde de Bourbon were divorced in 1081; Annulled.^1,4 Foulques IV "le Rechin", comte d' Anjou married Arengarde de Châtel Aillon, daughter of Isembert de Châtel Aillon, on 21 January 1087; His 3rd.^1,4 Foulques IV "le Rechin", comte d' Anjou and Arengarde de Châtel Aillon were divorced; Annulled.¹ Foulques IV "le Rechin", comte d' Anjou married Bertrade de Montfort, comtessa d' Anjou, daughter of Simon I, seigneur de Montfort and Agnes d' Évereux, in 1089; His 4th. Her 1st.^5,6,2,1,7 Foulques IV "le Rechin", comte d' Anjou and Bertrade de Montfort, comtessa d' Anjou were divorced on 15 April 1092.¹ Foulques IV "le Rechin", comte d' Anjou was the predecessor of comte d' Anjou Geoffroy "Martel" d' Anjou IV; 8th Count of Anjou.¹ Foulques IV "le Rechin", comte d' Anjou died on 14 April 1109 at Angers at age 66 years.^1,8

     Guglielmo "Caput Mallei" Embriaco, was a fleet admiral and architect at Genoa, Italy.¹ He was of Genoa.² Also called Guillaume Embriaco.³ He was born circa 1070 at Genoa, Italy.¹ He was the son of Guido Spinola, Visconte del ramo dei Manesseno.¹ Guglielmo "Caput Mallei" Embriaco, left as the leader of the second Genoese expedition to the Holy Land.¹ His fame as a leader in the crusades was so great that even Tasso wrote verses on him in his "Jerusalem Delivered".¹ He led a third mission composed of 26 galleys. In that occasion he was able to storm and break down, on the 15 July 1099, the town walls of the Holy City.¹ He managed to conquer Cesarea and Tiro, thanks to special devices he personally invented, in 1101.¹ He given, after getting back to his homeland, the title of "Consul Exercitus Januensum".¹ He died after 26 June 1109.²

     Alfonso VI Fernández "el Bravo", rey de León also went by the name of Alfonso VI "el Valiente".³ He was "Era segundogénito de Fernando I "el Grande" y de Sancha."⁴ Alfonso VI Fernández "el Bravo", rey de León also went by the name of Alfonso VI "the Brave". Also called imperator totius Hispaniae Alfonso VI "el Bravo" Fernández de Castilla.⁵ He was the father of infanta Elvira Alfonso de Castilla; the daughter of Alfonso VI of Castile.⁶ Alfonso VI Fernández "el Bravo", rey de León was educated to the practice of arms, for in the eleventh century the essential definition of every king was warrior.⁷ He was born in 1042. The second son.^8,9 He was the son of Fernando I Sánchez "el Magno", rey de Castilla y de León and reine de Castilla Sancha Alfonsez de León.^1,2 Alfonso VI Fernández "el Bravo", rey de León witnessed the will of Fernando I Sánchez "el Magno", rey de Castilla y de León between December 1063 and January 1064; Almost exactly two years before his death, Fernando I had decided that his realm should be divided among his three grown sons when that event should at last take place. The anonymous author of the Historia Silense tells us that the fateful decision was made in a great council in late December 1063 or early January 1064. This chronicle is probably the oldest narrative of the division that has come down to us, but it tells us merely that he assigned León to Alfonso, his favorite son; Castilla to Sancho, the eldest; and Galicia to García, the youngest. In addition, to daughters Urraca and Elvira were assigned ah the royal monasteries of the realm of León-Castilla for the remainder of their lives or until they should marry.¹⁰ Alfonso VI Fernández "el Bravo", rey de León inherited León in the split of his father's kingdom in 1065.² King of León at Iberian peninsula between 27 December 1065 and 1070.^2,11 He attacked the taifa kingdom of Badajoz twice, taking advantage first of the mortal illness of its king and then the rivalry of his two sons after his death, to exact tribute (the taifa king of Toledo, al-Mamun, is said to have tried to mediate the conflict) between May 1068 and June 1068.¹² He appears at Sahagún, in the company of his sisters Urraca and Elvira among others, in a charter on 7 July 1068.¹³ He and reine de Castilla Agnes d' Aquitaine were engaged in 1069.^5,1,14 Alfonso VI Fernández "el Bravo", rey de León claimed for himself the title of "Emperor of the two religions" (Muslim & Christian).³ He associated with Urraca Fernández de Castilla, daughter of Fernando I Sánchez "el Magno", rey de Castilla y de León and reine de Castilla Sancha Alfonsez de León, before 1072; "It has been asserted with some authority, however, that Alfonso also participated in an incestuous relationship with his sister, Urraca. Certainly their relationship was a close one."¹⁵ King of León at Iberian peninsula between 1072 and 1109.^11,16 Alfonso VI Fernández "el Bravo", rey de León was defeated by his brother, Sancho the Strong, and forced to seek refuge with the Moorish king of Toledo in January 1072 at Golpejera, on the Carrión River.² He was a witness where Urraca Fernández de Castilla credited by the early sources with persuading Sancho II to allow Alfonso to go into exile in 1072.¹⁷ Alfonso VI Fernández "el Bravo", rey de León united the Kingdoms of Castile and León upon the death of his brother, Sancho II on 7 October 1072.¹⁸ King of Castile at Iberian peninsula between 7 October 1072 and 1109.^19,2 He arrested his brother García, with conniving from his sister Urraca, and imprisoning him for life in Castle Luna in 1073. He was a witness where Guillaume VI Gui-Geoffroi, comte de Poitou, duc d' Aquitaine et de Gascogne formed a marriage alliance with Alfonso VI of Castile by giving his daughter's hand, this would counter his enemies politics, the viscount of Béarn and the count of Armagnac who were closely related to the king of Aragón, in 1073.²⁰ Alfonso VI Fernández "el Bravo", rey de León was a witness where García Fernández, rey de Galicia arrested by his brother, Alfonso VI, and imprisoned in the castle at Luna, never to be released, in 1073.² King of Galicia at Spain between 1073 and 1109.¹¹ Alfonso VI Fernández "el Bravo", rey de León invaded the kingdom of Pamplona, ruled by his cousin, Sancho IV, after the latter persuaded the Moorish King of Saragossa to become a vassal, in 1074.² He moved south, towards Granada, in the company of his ally and former host in exile, al-Mamun, the taifa king of Toledo (who had designs of his own on the territories of Córdoba), and on reaching Córdoba sent Count Pedro Ansúrez to demand the resumption of tribute payments from 'Abd Allah, who was eventually forced to acquiesce in 1074 at summer.²¹ He married reine de Castilla Agnes d' Aquitaine, daughter of Guillaume VI Gui-Geoffroi, comte de Poitou, duc d' Aquitaine et de Gascogne and Mathilda de la Marche, in 1074 at winter; His 1st.^5,22,14,23 Alfonso VI Fernández "el Bravo", rey de León was a witness where Sancho IV Garcés "el de Peñalén", rey de Pamplona persuaded the Moorish king of Saragossa to become his vassal, and act which offended his cousin, Alfonso VI of Castile, who subsequently invaded Pamplona in 1074.² Alfonso VI Fernández "el Bravo", rey de León was a witness where King of Sevilla, Muhammad II Abu 'Amr 'Abbad al-Mu'tadid ibn Muhammad al-Isbili unable to assist 'Abd Allah of Córdoba when the latter was beseiged by Alfonso VI in 1074 at summer.²¹ Alfonso VI Fernández "el Bravo", rey de León was a witness where reine de Castilla Agnes d' Aquitaine appears in a charter issued by her husband, Alfonso VI, on 16 June 1074 at Burgos.²⁰ Alfonso VI Fernández "el Bravo", rey de León witnessed the death of Sancho IV Garcés "el de Peñalén", rey de Pamplona on 4 June 1076 at Peñalén, Navarre, Spain; On the instigation of his cousin, Alfonso VI of Castile, he was pushed off a cliff by his own brother and sister in one of the more spectacular assassinations of the eleventh century.^2,24 Alfonso VI Fernández "el Bravo", rey de León proclaimed himself "emperor of all Spain" (imperator totius Hispaniae) in 1077.² He associated with Jimena Muñoz de Asturias, daughter of conde de Asturias Muño González and Mayor Rodriguez, between 1077 and 1079; Mistress.^25,23,26 Alfonso VI Fernández "el Bravo", rey de León made a donation to Cluny on 22 May 1077.²⁷ He repudiated his first wife, a French chronicle reports, because of her inability to conceive a child, but it does not say when this occurred, and such a proceeding would have been delicate since Inés was the daughter of the Duke of Aquitaine, whom Alfonso would not have cared to antagonize.²⁸ He and reine de Castilla Agnes d' Aquitaine were divorced circa 1078; Repudiated (for lack of male heir).^28,23 Alfonso VI Fernández "el Bravo", rey de León and Agatha de Normandie were engaged circa 1079.²⁹ Alfonso VI Fernández "el Bravo", rey de León was part of the significant advances made against the Moors during this period by the Christian Kings, beginning with his seizure of Coria in 1079.³⁰ He married Constance de Bourgogne, daughter of Henri de Bourgogne and Sybilla de Barcelona, in 1079 at late fall or early winter; His 2nd (divorcé).^22,31,27,23 Alfonso VI Fernández "el Bravo", rey de León made a donation to the church of Burgos on 1 May 1079.³² He faced Papal displeasure, which manifested with Pope Gregory VII's condemnation of his marriage to Constance, because she was the 3rd cousin, once removed, of his first wife Agnes, and as such, in accordance to church terminology, the marriage was incestuous, but was to endure nonetheless.³³ He exiled Rodrigo de Vivar, the famous "El Cid" after the noble had attacked Muslim tributaries of Alfonso in 1081.³⁴ He was a witness where Rodrigo Díaz "el Cid", conde de Valencia, señor de Vivar exiled by Alfonso VI, exile prompted by the jealousy of other nobles according to the legendary tales, but more so because Rodrigo had attacked, on his own voltion, Muslims who were paying tribute to Alfonso and considered themselves, rightly, safe from such attacks in 1081.³⁴ Alfonso VI Fernández "el Bravo", rey de León recaptured Toledo, the first major Islamic town to fall, and Madrid from the Muslims in 1085.^2,30 He often led his armies into battle until he was seriously wounded, at the age of forty-nine, in 1086.⁷ He was met with a stunning defeat against the Almoravids, Berber camel nomads of the Sanhâja confederation who had extended their control over most of what is now Morocco, who had been called in by al-Mu'tamid of Seville in concert with other Taifa rulers to save them from the Christian peril, on 23 October 1086 at the Battle of Sagrajas, or Zalaca, near Badajoz, Spain.^30,35 He was a witness where Raymond, comte de Bourgogne enlisted by his future father-in-law as viceregent in Galicia in 1087.³⁶ Alfonso VI Fernández "el Bravo", rey de León associated with Zaida of Seville in 1091/92; Mistress.³⁷ Alfonso VI Fernández "el Bravo", rey de León retook Lisbon from the Muslims in 1093. He made a royal grant to the monastery of Sahagún on 25 October 1093.³² He donated a portion of his late wife Constance's property to the monastery of Sahagún on 22 November 1093.³² He took a new wife from the north of Italy in 1094.³⁸ He married Bertha of Lombardy in 1094; His 3rd (widower). s.p.^5,39,23 Alfonso VI Fernández "el Bravo", rey de León was a witness where Henri I de Bourgogne, comte de Portugal appointed as Count of Portugal by his father-in-law, Alfonso VI of Castile in 1095.³⁸ Alfonso VI Fernández "el Bravo", rey de León married Elizabeth of France between 15 April 1100 and 14 May 1100; His 4th.⁴⁰ Alfonso VI Fernández "el Bravo", rey de León granted a royal charter to the Bishop of Oviedo, accompanied by his queen and his two daughters by her, the infantas Sancha and Elvira; the king's son by Zaida and his sons-in-law and their wives also confirmed, on 16 March 1104 at Asturia.⁴¹ He married Zaida of Seville on 26 March 1106.^42,37 Alfonso VI Fernández "el Bravo", rey de León decided to take the first step toward proclaiming young Sancho as his heir, "regnante rege illdefonso in legione eiusdemque helisabet regina sub maritali copula legaliter aderente" and this is without doubt also proof that he formally married Zaida, who had been baptized as with the Christian name of Isabel, on 27 March 1106.⁴³ He still accompanied his armies on campaign in 1108.⁷ He married Beatrix of France on 12 April 1108; His 5th.^5,44,23 Alfonso VI Fernández "el Bravo", rey de León witnessed the death of Sancho Alfonsez de Castilla on 30 May 1108 at Uclés; Killed in battle at the hands of the Murâbits at the battle of Uclés.⁴⁴ Alfonso VI Fernández "el Bravo", rey de León was suffered another defeat at the hands of the Almoravids, and lost his son, Sancho, in this battle on 30 May 1108 at the Battle of Uclés, Spain.³ He died on 1 July 1109 at Toledo, Castile, Spain, at age 67 years.^2,5,9,45 Alfonso VI Fernández "el Bravo", rey de León was buried in the Monastery, Sahegun, Spain. The greatest monarch Christian Spain had seen since the Roman era was laid to rest in the royal monastery of Sahagún. In attendance were twelve bishops and seven counts of the realm. They constituted a virtual roster of the notables of the court and the kingdom at the time.⁵ "Like many others of his kind, Alfonso also engaged in what is best described as a kind of serial monogamy as the needs of the dynasty dictated. That is, he was married successively to no less than six different women. Whatever satisfaction he may or may not have found in his legitimate spouses, a mixture of political demands and, perbaps, sexual appetite also led him to take two known mistresses as well. Yet he was remarkably less successful as a husband and a lover than as a warrior. As we shall see, he died without a male heir but with four daughters, a granddaughter, and one grandson, with perhaps another grandson born shortly after his own death. Doubtless there had been many more births, but the age was a cruel one even for royal infants. This lack of a surviving son was to threaten and partially undo some of his achievement after his demise.

"It is tempting to see Alfonso VI as something of a royal lecher using his power to satisfy personal desire. Indeed, this would not have been surprising as the history of the European monarchy generally so richly illustrates. Yet it is unwise to forget that the history of the European crown was always the history of a dynasty, and therefore the history of politics under the monarchy was always family politics."⁷

     Ekbert I, Graf von Formbach und Neuburg was born circa 1027?. He was the son of Bruno, Graf von Formbach, Graf im Künziggau.² Ekbert I, Graf von Formbach und Neuburg married Mathilda, Gräfin von Formbach, daughter of Gottfried, Markgraf von der Karantanischen Mark; His 2nd.³ Ekbert I, Graf von Formbach und Neuburg died on 24 August 1109.⁴

     Also called Vestrob.¹ Robert II "le Bourguignon", seigneur de Sablé was born circa 1042. He was the son of Robert I "le Bourguignon", seigneur de Craon and Avoise "Blanche", dame de Sablé.¹ Robert II "le Bourguignon", seigneur de Sablé married Hersende, dame de la Suse, daughter of Herbert, seigneur de la Suse.¹ Robert II "le Bourguignon", seigneur de Sablé was the successor of Avoise "Blanche", dame de Sablé; Lady of Sablé on the Sarthe.² Lord of Sablé on the Sarthe at County of Anjou, France.² Robert II "le Bourguignon", seigneur de Sablé died circa 1110.¹ He was the predecessor of Lisiard, Seigneur de Sablé, de la Suse, de Briolé, de Châteauneuf-sur-Sarte; Lord of Sablé on the Sarthe.¹

     Richard de Bertram, 1st Lord Mitford was a Norman knight.² He was born say 1057. He was born circa 1070?. He married Sybilla de Mitford, daughter of Sir John de Mitford, circa 1080.¹ 1st Lord of Mitford at Northumberland, England, between 1080 and 1110.¹ Richard de Bertram, 1st Lord Mitford died circa 1110.¹ He was the predecessor of William de Bertram, 2nd Lord Mitford; 2nd Lord of Mitford.¹