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     Diva Drusilla died 0038 AD. On her death was consecrated Diva Drusilla, the first woman in Rome to be so honoured.¹ She was the daughter of Germanicus Caesar and Agrippina the Elder. Diva Drusilla married Marcus Aemilius Lepidus.¹

     Orodes II, King of Parthia was a witness where Phraates IV, King of Parthia assassinated his father, Orodes II, and killed off his brothers, and his own eldest son as well, to secure the Parthian throne 0038 B.C.² Orodes II, King of Parthia died 0038 B.C.. He was assassinated by his son, Phraates IV.^2,3 He was a witness where Pacorus I, King of Parthia assigned by his father to deprive the Romans of Syria; but young and inexperienced and the Parthian army, despite the improvements made, was still poor at organizing for long campaigns or besieging cities, and his initial raids into Syria were frustrated by Gaius Cassius Longinus 0052-0050 B.C.^4,3 Orodes II, King of Parthia saw his general Surenas stunningly defeat the Romans (Rome lost seven legions and the lives of Crassus and his son) and broke the myth of Roman invincibility 0053 B.C. At near Carrhae.^2,4,3 He was presented the severed head of Crassus, like a hunting trophy, while he was attending a presentation of Euripides' play The Bacchae. 0053 B.C..³ He witnessed the death of Mithradates III, King of Parthia and Media Atropatene 0054 B.C. At Seleucia; Having fought a civil war with his brother, Orodes II, he was defeated by the most famous Parthian general, Suren, and immediately murdered.^5,4 Orodes II, King of Parthia witnessed the death of Phraates III, King of Parthia 0057 BCE, circa; He was murdered by his two sons, Orodes II and Mithradates III, after his former ally, Pompey, who had at first abandoned Mesopotamia to Phraates, later reversed his stand and occupied the Parthian vassal states of Gordyene and Osroëne.^2,6,7 Great King of Parthia 0057-0038 B.C..^4,1 Orodes II, King of Parthia married Princess of Commagene, daughter of Antiochus I Theos Dikaios Epiphanes Philoromaios Philhellen, King of Commagene and Isias Philostorgos, Princess of Commagene, 0075 B.C. Orodes II, King of Parthia was born 0096 B.C.. He was the son of Phraates III, King of Parthia.² Sources: 2. Yarshater, E. 'The Cambridge History of Iran' Vol. 3(1), 'The Seleucid, Parthian and Sassanian Periods' pp.48-49.

     Pacorus I, King of Parthia died 0038 B.C. At Syria. Pacorus returned to Syria, was lured into battle by Ventidius, and was defeated and killed. His head was displayed in the cities of Syria to convince them of the futility of hoping for Parthian support against the Romans.² King of Parthia, co-ruler with father 0039 B.C..¹ He intervened in Roman politics by leading a Parthian force to help one of Pompey's generals who was besieged in Apamea (a city in northwestern Mesopotamia) by Augustus' forces 0045 B.C..² He launched a major invasion, this time capturing and holding all of Syria for several months, aided by local uprisings of a populace only too happy to see the arrival of the Parthians, 0051 B.C..^1,2 He was assigned by his father to deprive the Romans of Syria; but young and inexperienced and the Parthian army, despite the improvements made, was still poor at organizing for long campaigns or besieging cities, and his initial raids into Syria were frustrated by Gaius Cassius Longinus 0052-0050 B.C..^1,3 He was a witness where Orodes II, King of Parthia saw his general Surenas stunningly defeat the Romans (Rome lost seven legions and the lives of Crassus and his son) and broke the myth of Roman invincibility 0053 B.C. At near Carrhae.^4,1,3 Pacorus I, King of Parthia was the son of Orodes II, King of Parthia and Princess of Commagene.¹ Pacorus I, King of Parthia was born 0074 B.C..

     Joseph, stratêgos of Idumea and Gaza died 0038 B.C.. He was executed by his brother, Herod.^1,3,4 Stratêgos of Idumea and Gaza at Palestine 0043-0035 B.C..⁵ He was born 0075 B.C. At circa.⁴ He was the son of Antipater II, procurator of Judaea and Cypros of Petra.^2,1 Joseph, stratêgos of Idumea and Gaza had Mark Antony as a patron.⁴ He was son of Antipater.³

     Marcus Aemilius Lepidus died 0039 AD at October, Upper Rhine, Germany. He was executed by Caligula, his brother-in-law.¹ He married Diva Drusilla, daughter of Germanicus Caesar and Agrippina the Elder.¹

     Tetrarchês of Galilee and Peraea at Palestine 0004 B.C. to 0039 CE.^1,4,3 Herod Antipas, tetrarchês of Galilee and Peraea witnessed the will of Herod I "the Great", King of Judaea 0004 B.C; After his death his kingdom was divided among three of his sons. He'd altered his will three times, and killed his firstborn son.^1,5 Herod Antipas, tetrarchês of Galilee and Peraea had Galilee and Peraea in the division of his father's realm following his death 0004 B.C. At Palestine.¹ He was the son of Herod I "the Great", King of Judaea.^3,6 Herod Antipas, tetrarchês of Galilee and Peraea was born 0021 B.C..^7,8 He was selected as a mediator in the Roman-Parthian talks, and to his credit the conference was a success, 0036 CE.⁸ He was the successor of Herod I "the Great", King of Judaea; King of Judaea.^9,10,5 Herod Antipas, tetrarchês of Galilee and Peraea was banished to Gaul, along with Herodias, by the Emperor Caligula 0037-0038 CE.^11,12,8 He died 0039 CE at Gaul.⁸ He was the predecessor of Agrippa I, basileus of Palestine; tetrarchês of Galilee & Perea.⁴ Herod Antipas, tetrarchês of Galilee and Peraea had Augustus and Tiberius as patrons.¹² He persuaded Herodias to divorce her recently disinherited husband and marry him instead.¹³ He beheaded John the Baptist at the instigation of Herodias, the wife of his half-brother Herod-Philip, whom he had married.^1,14 He was a frivolous and vain prince, and was chargeable with many infamous crimes.¹ Also called Antipas.¹ He married first a daughter of Aretas.¹¹ He met Herodias in Rome, where she was living with his half-brother, Herod Philip, and convinced her to leave him and become his wife at Rome, Italy.¹ He was sent Christ, by Pilate, when he was at Jerusalem at the Passover; whom he asked some idle questions of, and after causing him to be mocked, sent him back again to Pilate.^1,15

     Gaïus Claudius Marcellus died 0040 B.C..¹ He married Octavia Minor, daughter of praetor Gaïus Octavius and Atia, 0054 B.C. At before; Her 1st.^1,2 Gaïus Claudius Marcellus had two daughters and a son with her first husband, Gaius Marcellus.¹

     Consul Lucius Julius Caesar died 0040 B.C..¹ Consul 0064 B.C..¹ He was Censor with Publius Licinius Crassus 0064 B.C.. He was the son of consul Lucius Julius Caesar and Fulvia (?).¹ Consul Lucius Julius Caesar was fighting with Imperator Julius Caesar at Gaul.

     Conaire Mór mac Eterscéoil, Ard-rí na h'Éireann died 0040 B.C. At Bruighean Da Dhearg, Ireland. After having been seventy years in the sovereignty of Irelend, was slain by insurgents.¹ He ruled his first year over Ireland 0109 B.C..³ 97th Monarch of Ireland 0109-0039 B.C..³ He was the son of Eterscél mac Éogan, Ard-rí na h'Éireann and Mes Buachalla ingen Echach Uí Éremóin.^1,2 Conaire Mór mac Eterscéoil, Ard-rí na h'Éireann was the son of Ederscel.^1,4 Also called Conaire Mór.⁴

     Deïotaros I Philoromaios, tetrarch of the Tolistobogi, King of Galatia died 0040 B.C..^2,3 He changed sides and supported the triumvirs, keeping his kingdom until his death 0042 B.C..² He supported the anti-Caesarian party until its defeat at Philippi 0042 B.C..² He was defended by Cicero (Marcus Tullis), but the assassination of Caesar prevented a verdict, 0045-0044 B.C..² He was a faithful ally of the Romans, and became involved in the stuggles between the Roman Generals that led to the fall of the Republic 0044 B.C..² He was accused at Rome of having attempted to murder Caesar when the dictator was his guest 0045 B.C. At Galatia, Asia Minor.² He was pardoned by Caesar, but as a result of complaints of certain Galatian princes, he was deprived of part of his domains, 0047 B.C..² He was defeated at Pharsalus and escaped with his ally, Pompey, to Asia 0048 B.C..² Pompey and the Optimates against Julius Caesar. 0049-0045 B.C. At the Roman Civl War.² He sided with Pompey and the Optimates in their stand against Julius Caesar, who was defying the senate, and when Pompey was defeated faced execution, but was saved in part due to the advocacy of Cicero 0049-0045 B.C. At the Civil War.⁴ He was rewarded for his assistance against Mithradates VI of Pontus by Pompey who gave him the title of king and part of eastern Pontus, to which the Senate granted him Lesser Armenia and most of Galatia, 0064 B.C..² King of Galatia at Anatolia, Asia Minor, 0064-0041 B.C..^2,5,6,7 He was a witness where Mithradates VI Europator, King of Pontus saw his invasion of Phrygia stopped by the Roman ally, Deiotarus of Galatia, 0074 B.C.² Deïotaros I Philoromaios, tetrarch of the Tolistobogi, King of Galatia drove the invading troops of Mithradates VI of Pontus from Phrygia in the opening of the Third Mithradatic War 0074 B.C..² Mithradates VI of Pontus fails in his invasion of Phrygia and is finally defeated by the Romans. 0074-0063 B.C. At the Third Mithradatic War.² Chief Tetrarch of the Tolistobogii at Western Galatia, Asia Minor, 0074-0065 B.C..^2,3,8 Also called Deiotarix I, King of Galatia.⁵ Cicero to Caius Caesar:
"... for it was king Deiotarus who raised your family, when abject and obscure, from darkness into light. Who ever heard of your father, or who he was, before they heard whose son-in-law he was?"

SPEECH IN BEHALF OF KING DEIOTARUS

by Marcus Tullius Cicero

translated by Charles Duke Yonge, A.B.⁹ The Galatians consisted of three tribes: the Tolistboboii, on the west, with Pessinus as their chief town; the Tectosages, in the centre, with their capital Ancyra; and the Trocmi, on the east, round their chief town Tavium.

Each tribal territory was divided into four cantons or tetrarchies. Each of the twelve tetrarchs had under him a judge and a general. A council of the nation consisting of the tetararchs and three hundred senators was periodically held at a place called Drynemeton, twenty miles southwest of Ancyra.⁸ Also called Deiotarus Latin.^3,8 Deiotarix is clearly a Celtic name: the "rix" in his name means "King" or "reign." Galatia, an ancient region of Asia Minor, named for the Galatians, a Gallic people from Europe who settled here in the early 3rd century BC. It was dominated by Rome through regional rulers in 189 BC, becoming a Roman province in 25 BC. The original Celts who settled in Galatia came through Macedonia under the leadership of Leotarios and Leonnorios circa 270 BC. Three tribes comprised these Celts, the Tectosages, the Trocmii, and the Tolistobogii.^10,11 Deiotarus means "Divine Bull" and was a god of the Galatians. Given that this obscure deity is difficult to trace elsewhere in Celtic culture it could be that it was a local god adopted by the Galatians.¹² He married Berenike (?), daughter of Princess of Pergamum N. N. Attalid.^5,6

     Phasael I, stratêgos of Idumea and Gaza died 0040 B.C.. He committed suicide.^1,3,4 Stratêgos of Judea and Samaria 0046 B.C..⁵ Governor of Jerusalem at Palestine 0047 B.C..¹ He was the son of Antipater II, procurator of Judaea and Cypros of Petra.² Phasael I, stratêgos of Idumea and Gaza was born 0075 B.C..⁴ He had Mark Antony as a patron.⁴ He was son of Antipater.^6,3 Also called Phasaelus.

     Ptolemy, King of Numidia was born 0018 B.C., circa.³ He was the son of Juba II, King of Numidia and Mauretania and Cleopatra Selene.^1,2 King of Mauretania 0021-0040 CE.⁴ King of Numidia at North Africa 0024-0040 CE. Ptolemy, King of Numidia died 0040 CE. He was executed for unknown reasons by the Roman emperor Caligula. His death marked the the end of the Berber kingdoms. Caligula then annexed Mauretania to the empire, possibly in relation to the conspiracy of Cn. Cornelius Lentulus Gaetulicus.^1,4

     Zenon of Laodikeia died 0040-0036 B.C..² He was born 0090 B.C..² Also called Zenon, rhéteur de Laodicée.²

     Emperor Caligula of the Romans was born 0012 AD at 31 August, Antium (modern Anzio), Latium.¹ He was the son of Germanicus Caesar and Agrippina the Elder.^2,3 Emperor Caligula of the Romans was the successor of Tiberius Claudius Nero; Emperor.² Emperor Caligula of the Romans adopted his father's distinguished name and became Gaius Caesar Germanicus 0019 AD.¹ He was severely ill seven months after his accession; after which he restored treason trials, showed great cruelty, and engaged in wild despotic caprice 0037 AD.¹ Emperor at Roman Empire 0037-0041 AD.² He made pretensions to divinity and showed extravagant affection for his sisters, especially for Drusilla, who on her death was consecrated Diva Drusilla, the first woman in Rome to be so honoured 0038 AD.¹ He executed Naevius Sutorius Macro, prefect of the Praetorian Guard, to whose support he owed his accession, and Tiberius Gemellus, grandson of Tiberius, whom he had supplanted in the succession 0038 AD.¹ He appeared unexpectedly on the Upper Rhine and suppressed an incipient revolt, executing Drusilla's widower M. Aemilius Lepidus and Gnaeus Lentulus Gaetulicus, commander of the Upper Rhine armies 0039 AD at October, Germany.¹ He quickly squandered the vast sums Tiberius had accumulated in the state treasury and to procure the revenues needed to finance his extravagances, he then resorted to the extortion of prominent Roman citizens and the confiscation of their estates.¹ He witnessed the death of Marcus Aemilius Lepidus 0039 AD at October, Upper Rhine, Germany; He was executed by Caligula, his brother-in-law.¹ Emperor Caligula of the Romans marched with an army into Gaul, whose inhabitants he plundered thoroughly, and then marched his troops to the northern shoreline of Gaul as a prelude to the invasion of Britain but then ordered them to collect seashells there, which he called the spoils of the conquered ocean 0040 AD at spring.¹ He pursued his pretensions to divinity further and ordered his statue to be erected in the Temple at Jerusalem, but under the suave persuasion of Herod Agrippa, Caligula countermanded this potentially disastrous order, 0040 AD at summer.¹ He was a witness where Agrippa I, basileus of Palestine dissuaded Caligula, on the advice of the governor of Syria, from introducing emperor worship at Jerusalem 0040-0041 CE.^4,1 Emperor Caligula of the Romans was succeeded as emperor by his uncle Claudius 0041 AD.¹ He died 0041 AD at 24 January, Rome. Caligula was murdered at the Palatine Games by Cassius Chaerea, tribune of the Praetorian guard, Cornelius Sabinus, and others.¹ He was the predecessor of Emperor Claudius I of the Romans; Emperor.² Also called imperator Caligula Gaïus Caesar Germanicus Augustus.² Emperor Caligula of the Romans was the son of Germanicus Caesar, nephew and adoptive son of Tiberius, and Agrippina the Elder.¹ He was ill with epilepsy (possibly).¹ "As a baby he accompanied his parents on military campaigns in the north and was shown to the troops wearing a miniature soldier's outfit, including the hob-nailed sandal called caliga, whence the nickname by which posterity remembers him."² He avoided the fate of his mother, father, and two older brothers (being killed by Tiberius) and survived with his three sisters.¹ He married Caesonia.¹ Emperor Caligula of the Romans was the brother of Julia Livilla; a sister of Emperor Caligula.⁵

     Caesonia died 0041 AD at 24 January, Rome. She was put to death when her husband was.¹ She married Emperor Caligula of the Romans, son of Germanicus Caesar and Agrippina the Elder.¹

     Arsinoë IV, Queen of Egypt died 0041 B.C. At Ephesus. She was executed by Mark Antony allegedly at the request of his lover, her sister, Cleopatra VII.² Queen of Egypt 0048 B.C., September. She was declared joint ruler of Cyprus with her brother Ptolemy XIV by Julius Caesar 0048 B.C., 26-31 August.² She was possibly declared coregent with Ptolemy XIII 0050/49 B.C., Winter. She was the daughter of Ptolemy XII Neos Dionysos, King of Egypt and Cleopatra V Tryphaena, Queen of Egypt.¹ Arsinoë IV, Queen of Egypt was born 0068/7 B.C..^1,2

     Consul Gaïus Antonius Hybrida died 0042 B.C..² Consul at Rome, Italy, 0063 B.C..² He was the son of consul Marcus Antonius the Orator. Consul Gaïus Antonius Hybrida was the colleague of Cicero.¹

     Antipater II, procurator of Judaea was the predecessor of Herod I "the Great", King of Judaea; King of Judaea.^3,1,4 Antipater II, procurator of Judaea died 0043 B.C.. He was poisoned by Malichus, a rival tax collector.^5,2,6,7 He was ordered to collect tribute from the Jews after Julius Caesar's assassination and Caesar's nemesis Cassius occupied Syria 0044 B.C..² He was made procurator [epitropos] of Judaea by Julius Caesar, and divided his territories between his four sons 0047 B.C. At Palestine.^8,2 King of Judaea at Palestine 0047-0037 B.C..^1,8 He was a witness where dictator Gaïus Julius Caesar rewarded Antipater II of Judaea for his support against Egypt by making him and his family full citizens of Rome 0048 B.C.² Antipater II, procurator of Judaea was rewarded for aiding Julius Caesar with the rights of Roman citizenship and the office of procurator over the whole of Palestine 0048 B.C..⁹ He sent substantial support to Julius Caesar's Egyptian campaign against Cleopatra VII 0048 B.C. At Egypt.² Epimeletês & epitropos at Palestine 0048-0043 B.C..¹⁰ He supported the campaign of Pompey when he invaded Palestine and began a long association with Rome 0063 B.C..⁴ He was a witness where triumvir Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus captured Jerusalem, which not only subordinated the Jewish state to Rome but ended the Hasmonean monarchy; and his support for Antipater paved the way for the Herodian dynasty and involved the rulers of Judaea in Roman politics for more than century 0067 B.C. At Judea.² Antipater II, procurator of Judaea was treated during the Hasmonean civil war as leader of the Jews by the Roman general Pompey 0067 B.C..² He was the son of Antipas of Idumaea.² Antipater II, procurator of Judaea was the father of Herod I "the Great", King of Judaea; the son of Antipater, an Idumaean, and Cypros, an Arabian of noble descent.^8,6 Antipater II, procurator of Judaea was an Edomite, an Arab from the region between the Dead Sea and the Gulf of Aqaba.⁴ He rose to prominence in Jewish politics as champion of Hyrcanus II and leader of the Jews opposed to Aristobulus II.² Jewish sources (Josephus and the Talmud) regularly characterized Antipater's family as wealthy Edomites, but Herod's gentile biographer (Nicholas of Damascus) portrayed them as Babylonian Jews.² He had Gabinus, Julius Caesar, and Hyrcannus I the Hasmonean as patrons.⁷ He called on his wife's family to provide the Arab allies whom he called on to force Aristobulus II into exile.² He was the grandson of Antipater I of Idumea (Edom).² He married Cypros of Petra.¹ Antipater II, procurator of Judaea was the father of Phasael I, stratêgos of Idumea and Gaza; son of Antipater.^11,6 Antipater II, procurator of Judaea was the father of Joseph, stratêgos of Idumea and Gaza; son of Antipater.⁶ Antipater II, procurator of Judaea was the father of Pharorus, tetrarchês of Perea; son of Antipater.⁶ Antipater II, procurator of Judaea was the father of Salome, despoina of Jamnia, Azotus, & Phasaelis; daughter of Antipater.⁶

     Dictator Gaïus Julius Caesar was the predecessor of Gaïus Octavius; Emperor.¹ Dictator Gaïus Julius Caesar died 0044 B.C., 15 March at the Ides of March, Rome, Italy. He was surrounded by conspirators at a meeting of the senate and cut down with twenty-three stab wounds. He died at the foot of a statue of his great rival, Pompey.^1,2 He witnessed the adoption of Gaïus Octavius 0044 B.C., May 8; He was adopted by the famous General, Julius Caesar, in his will. Dictator Gaïus Julius Caesar left a will 0044 B.C., May 8; Julius Ceasar stipulated in his will that he adopted Gaius Ocatvius as his heir.³ He was associated with triumvir Marcus Antonius Consul with Gaius Julius Caesar 0044 B.C. Dictator Gaïus Julius Caesar was Consul with Mark Antony 0044 B.C.. He fought an outbreak of resistance 0045 B.C. At March 17, Munda, Province of Farther Spain.⁴ He was Consul without colleague 0045 B.C.. He was a witness where Gaïus Octavius was present at Julius Caesar's triumphs where he took part in the procession and was accorded military honors 0046 B.C. At September.^1,5 Dictator Gaïus Julius Caesar was Consul with Marcus Aemilius Lepidus 0046 B.C.. He attacked the Pontic King, Pharnaces II, at Zela, defeating him and destroying his army, upon which he sent back to Rome the famous message, "Veni, vidi, vici’", for the Pontics had been fierce opponents of Rome for two kings now, 0047 B.C..⁶ Dictator at Roman Republic 0047-0044 B.C..⁷ He married Cleopatra VII Thea Philopator, Queen of Egypt, daughter of Ptolemy XII Neos Dionysos, King of Egypt and Cleopatra V Tryphaena, Queen of Egypt, 0048 B.C., mid August; Her 1st. A liaison.⁸ Dictator Gaïus Julius Caesar was a witness where Gaïus Octavius was said to have been taken in by Julius Caesar who began training him as successor 0048 B.C. Dictator Gaïus Julius Caesar rewarded Antipater II of Judaea for his support against Egypt by making him and his family full citizens of Rome 0048 B.C..⁹ He was Consul with Publius Servilius Isauricus 0048 B.C.. He was a witness where Antipater II, procurator of Judaea sent substantial support to Julius Caesar's Egyptian campaign against Cleopatra VII 0048 B.C. At Egypt.⁹ Pompey and the Optimates against Julius Caesar. 0049-0045 B.C. At the Roman Civl War.⁴ Dictator Gaïus Julius Caesar was a witness where Deïotaros I Philoromaios, tetrarch of the Tolistobogi, King of Galatia sided with Pompey and the Optimates in their stand against Julius Caesar, who was defying the senate, and when Pompey was defeated faced execution, but was saved in part due to the advocacy of Cicero 0049-0045 B.C. At the Civil War.¹⁰ Dictator Gaïus Julius Caesar brought his army into Italy in open defiance of the Senate after his conquest of Gaul, but opposed by the naval blockage of Pompey, he abandoned Italy and moved east 0050 B.C..⁹ He was a witness where triumvir Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus chosen to lead the defense of the state when Caesar brought his army into Italy in open defiance of the Senate after his conquest of Gaul, and his naval blockade temporarily forced Caesar to abandon Italy and head east, 0050 B.C.⁹ Dictator Gaïus Julius Caesar was Consul with Marcus Calpurnius Bibulus 0059 B.C.. He was a witness where Ptolemy XII Neos Dionysos, King of Egypt bribed Julius Caesar, one of the Roman consuls, with 6,000 talents, in return for which Caesar passed a law acknowledging his kingship 0059 B.C.¹¹ Triumvir, the first triumvirate at Roman Republic 0060-0048 B.C..⁷ Governor at Province of Farther Spain 0061-0060 B.C..⁴ Praetor 0062 B.C..⁴ Pontifex maximus 0063 B.C..⁴ Curule aedile 0065 B.C..⁴ Quaestor at Province of Farther Spain 0069-0068 B.C..⁴ Dictator Gaïus Julius Caesar a private army to combat Mithradates VI Eupator, king of Pontus, 0074 B.C..⁴ He went to Rhodes to study oratory under a famous professor, Molon. En route he was captured by pirates (one of the symptoms of the anarchy into which the Roman nobility had allowed the Mediterranean world to fall). Caesar raised his ransom, raised a naval force, captured his captors, and had them crucified--all this as a private individual holding no public office 0080 B.C. At circa.⁴ He married Cornelia 0084 B.C; His 1st.^4,12,8 Dictator Gaïus Julius Caesar was born 0100 B.C., July 12-13 at Rome, Italy.² He was the son of praetor Gaïus Julius Caesar and Aurelia. Dictator Gaïus Julius Caesar was related to Atia; the daughter of Julia, the sister of Julius Caesar.⁵ The Julii Caesares traced their lineage back to the goddess Venus, but the family was not snobbish or conservative-minded. It was also not rich or influential or even distinguished.⁴ Dictator Gaïus Julius Caesar was a witness where consul Lucius Julius Caesar was fighting with Imperator Julius Caesar at Gaul.

     Ptolemy XIV Theos Philopator II, King of Egypt died 0044 B.C., 3 September. Allegedly poisoned by his consort and sister, Cleopatra VII.^1,2,3,4 He was the predecessor of Ptolemy XV Caesarion, King of Egypt; King of Egypt. Ptolemy XIV Theos Philopator II, King of Egypt married Cleopatra VII Thea Philopator, Queen of Egypt, daughter of Ptolemy XII Neos Dionysos, King of Egypt and Cleopatra V Tryphaena, Queen of Egypt, 0047 B.C., February; Her 3rd. s.p.^1,4 Nominal co-ruler of Egypt 0047-0044 B.C..³ Ptolemy XIV Theos Philopator II, King of Egypt was a witness where Arsinoë IV, Queen of Egypt declared joint ruler of Cyprus with her brother Ptolemy XIV by Julius Caesar 0048 B.C., 26-31 August.⁴ Ptolemy XIV Theos Philopator II, King of Egypt was the successor of Ptolemy XIII Theos Philopator I, King of Egypt; King of Egypt. Ptolemy XIV Theos Philopator II, King of Egypt was the son of Ptolemy XII Neos Dionysos, King of Egypt and Cleopatra V Tryphaena, Queen of Egypt.¹ Ptolemy XIV Theos Philopator II, King of Egypt was born 0060/59 B.C..⁴ He was the son of Ptolemy XII probably by Cleopatra V.⁴

     Agrippa I, basileus of Palestine was the successor of Herod Philp I, tetrarchês of the northern territories; tetrarchês of the northern territories.⁴ Agrippa I, basileus of Palestine was the successor of Herod Antipas, tetrarchês of Galilee and Peraea; tetrarchês of Galilee and Peraea.^5,4,2 Agrippa I, basileus of Palestine was sent to Rome for education and safety after his father was executed by his suspicious grandfather, Herod 0004 B.C..⁶ He was born 0010 B.C. At circa.^7,8,6 He was the son of Aristobulus IV of Judaea.^9,2,3 Agrippa I, basileus of Palestine grew up in company with the emperor Tiberius' son Drusus, and after Drusus died he left Rome 0023 CE.⁶ He he settled near Beersheba, and an appeal to his uncle Antipas, tetrarch of Galilee, won him a minor official post but he soon vacated it, 0023-0036 B.C. At Palestine.⁶ He raised a sizable loan in Alexandria, and returned to Rome, where the emperor Tiberius received him but refused to allow him to stay at the court until his debt was paid 0036 CE.⁶ He secured a new loan which covered the obligation, and secured a post as tutor to Tiberius' grandson, and also became a friend of Caligula, Tiberius' heir 0037 CE at circa.⁶ He was made king of the former realm of his uncle Philip the Tetrarch and of an adjoining region by Caligula 0037 CE.⁶ Tetrarchês of Galilee & Perea at Palestine 0039-0041 CE.⁴ He was a witness where Emperor Caligula of the Romans pursued his pretensions to divinity further and ordered his statue to be erected in the Temple at Jerusalem, but under the suave persuasion of Herod Agrippa, Caligula countermanded this potentially disastrous order, 0040 AD at summer.¹⁰ Agrippa I, basileus of Palestine dissuaded Caligula, on the advice of the governor of Syria, from introducing emperor worship at Jerusalem 0040-0041 CE.^6,10 He supported Claudius in the delicate question of the imperial succession, who emerged successful and granted him the kingdom of Judaea 0041 CE.⁶ He zealously pursued orthodox Jewish policies, earning the friendship of the Jews and vigorously repressing the Jewish Christians 0041-0044 CE at Judaea.⁶ Basileus of Palestine 0041-0044 CE.¹¹ He imprisoned Peter the Apostle and executed James, son of Zebedee 0041-0044 CE.⁶ King of Judaea at Palestine 0041-0044 CE.^7,12 He host at a spectacular series of games at Caesarea to honor Claudius 0044 CE at spring.⁶ He died 0044 CE at Caesarea. He died of an illness.^13,8,6,14 He is called Herod in only one source, the New Testament.⁶ Also called Marcus Julius Agrippa of Judaea.¹² He had Caligula and Claudius as patrons.⁸ He was the father of Agrippa II, basileus of Chalcis, Galilee & Perea; the son of Agrippa I and his cousin/wife Cypros III.^7,13

     Juba I, King of Numidia was the predecessor of Juba II, King of Numidia and Mauretania; King of Numidia.² Juba I, King of Numidia died 0046 B.C. At near Thapsus. Repulsed from Utica by Cato (Uticensis) and expelled from his temporary capital Zama by its inhabitants, Juba committed suicide.³ He was defeated with the other adherents of Pompey at Thapsus (and his general in the west was killed by Sittius) 0046 B.C..³ He was faced Julius Caesar himself, as well as being invaded from the west by Caesar's ally Bocchus, king of Mauretania, and an Italian adventurer, Publius Sittius 0046 B.C..³ He sided with the followers of Pompey and the Roman Senate in their war against Julius Caesar in North Africa 0049-0045 B.C..³ He defeated and killed Curio, who had landed in Africa to expel Pompey's forces, and thereupon considered himself the potential master of all North Africa 0050 B.C..³ He became bitterly hostile toward Julius Caesar because of a personal insult 0053 B.C..³ King of Numidia at circa, North Africa, 0060-0046 B.C..⁴ He succeeded his father 0063-0050 B.C..³ He was born 0085 B.C. At circa.³ He was the son of Hiempsal II.³ He was related to Juba II, King of Numidia and Mauretania; the son of Juba I.²

     Ptolemy XIII Theos Philopator I, King of Egypt died 0047 B.C., 14/15 January. At the close of the Alexandrian War, Ptolemy XIII drowned in the Nile while he was trying to flee.^1,2,3,4 He was the predecessor of Ptolemy XIV Theos Philopator II, King of Egypt; nominal co-ruler of Egypt.³ Ptolemy XIII Theos Philopator I, King of Egypt witnessed the death of triumvir Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus 0048 B.C., September 28 at Pelusium, Egypt; Cut off from his own fleet, he sought support in Egypt from his client Ptolemy XIII, brother and co-regent of Cleopatra. He was instead murdered by his host's treachery.^5,6,3 Arsinoë IV, Queen of Egypt ruled in opposition of Ptolemy XIII Theos Philopator I, King of Egypt; Queen of Egypt. He murdered Pompey 0048 B.C..³ He expelled Cleopatra VII from Egypt 0048 B.C., Spring.⁴ He married Cleopatra VII Thea Philopator, Queen of Egypt, daughter of Ptolemy XII Neos Dionysos, King of Egypt and Cleopatra V Tryphaena, Queen of Egypt, 0048 B.C., September; Her 2nd. s.p.⁴ Ptolemy XIII Theos Philopator I, King of Egypt was a witness where Arsinoë IV, Queen of Egypt possibly declared coregent with Ptolemy XIII 0050/49 B.C., Winter. Ptolemy XIII Theos Philopator I, King of Egypt succeeded Ptolemy XII as coregent in association with Cleopatra VII 0051 B.C., Spring.⁴ King of Egypt 0051-0047 B.C.. He was born 0062/1 B.C..⁴ He was the son of Ptolemy XII Neos Dionysos, King of Egypt and Cleopatra V Tryphaena, Queen of Egypt. Ptolemy XIII Theos Philopator I, King of Egypt was the son of Ptolemy XII probably by Cleopatra V.⁴

     Valeria Messalina was born 0020 AD.¹ She married Emperor Claudius I of the Romans, son of Nero Drusus Claudius Germanicus and Antonia Minor, 0038 AD; His 3rd.² Valeria Messalina soon became notorious not only for her killings but also for her adulteries; her lovers ranging from senators to lowly actors.¹ She died 0048 AD, October. While Claudius was away in Ostia, Messalina had a party in the palace, and in the course of which a marriage ceremony was performed (or playacted) between herself and a consul-designate, Gaius Silius. Whatever the intentions behind it, the political ramifications of this folly were sufficiently grave to cause the summary execution of Messalina, Silius, and assorted hangers-on (orchestrated, tellingly, by the freedman Narcissus).^3,1 She witnessed the death of Julia Livilla in 041; She became one of the early victims of Emperor Claudius' third wife, Messalina.¹

     Triumvir Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus died 0048 B.C., September 28 at Pelusium, Egypt. Cut off from his own fleet, he sought support in Egypt from his client Ptolemy XIII, brother and co-regent of Cleopatra. He was instead murdered by his host's treachery.^1,2,3 He was a witness where Ptolemy XIII Theos Philopator I, King of Egypt murdered Pompey 0048 B.C.³ Triumvir Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus was a witness where Deïotaros I Philoromaios, tetrarch of the Tolistobogi, King of Galatia defeated at Pharsalus and escaped with his ally, Pompey, to Asia 0048 B.C.¹ Triumvir Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus suffered a disastrous defeat at Farsala 0048 B.C. At Greece.² Pompey and the Optimates against Julius Caesar. 0049-0045 B.C. At the Roman Civl War.¹ He was a witness where Deïotaros I Philoromaios, tetrarch of the Tolistobogi, King of Galatia sided with Pompey and the Optimates in their stand against Julius Caesar, who was defying the senate, and when Pompey was defeated faced execution, but was saved in part due to the advocacy of Cicero 0049-0045 B.C. At the Civil War.⁴ Triumvir Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus was a witness where dictator Gaïus Julius Caesar brought his army into Italy in open defiance of the Senate after his conquest of Gaul, but opposed by the naval blockage of Pompey, he abandoned Italy and moved east 0050 B.C.² Triumvir Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus was chosen to lead the defense of the state when Caesar brought his army into Italy in open defiance of the Senate after his conquest of Gaul, and his naval blockade temporarily forced Caesar to abandon Italy and head east, 0050 B.C..² He was elected, with Crassus, as consul in what was to be the last popular election in Rome before the Republic collapsed in civil war, 0055 B.C..² Consul at Rome, Roman Republic, 0055 B.C..² He married Julia, daughter of dictator Gaïus Julius Caesar and Cornelia, 0059 B.C. At circa; His 4th.^1,5,6 Triumvir, the first triumvirate at Roman Republic 0060-0048 B.C..⁷ Triumvir, of the first triumvirate at Roman Republic 0060-0048 B.C..² Triumvir Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus was a witness where Archelaus II, High Priest of Bellona appointed to the priesthood at Comana by Pompey 0060-0065 B.C. At circa.⁶ Triumvir Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus was a witness where Antipater II, procurator of Judaea supported the campaign of Pompey when he invaded Palestine and began a long association with Rome 0063 B.C.⁸ Triumvir Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus was a witness where Deïotaros I Philoromaios, tetrarch of the Tolistobogi, King of Galatia rewarded for his assistance against Mithradates VI of Pontus by Pompey who gave him the title of king and part of eastern Pontus, to which the Senate granted him Lesser Armenia and most of Galatia, 0064 B.C.¹ Triumvir Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus was a witness where Tigranes II Megas, King of Armenia attacked the Romans, who had somewhat haughtily underestimated the military power of the Romans; his exclamation when he saw the Roman legions has gone down in history: "If they have come as ambassadors, they are too many; if they have come to fight, they are too few," and after a period of war with them, surrendered to Pompey with the peace treaty of Artaxata 0066 B.C.^9,10 Triumvir Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus inflicted a harsh if partial defeat upon Tigran II of Armenia, and nevertheless turned out to be chivalrous towards the bitter old sovereign, sparing him the humiliation of having to lay down his crown at the victor's feet and made a stout ally of him, 0067 B.C..¹⁰ He captured Jerusalem, which not only subordinated the Jewish state to Rome but ended the Hasmonean monarchy; and his support for Antipater paved the way for the Herodian dynasty and involved the rulers of Judaea in Roman politics for more than century 0067 B.C. At Judea.² He was a witness where Antipater II, procurator of Judaea treated during the Hasmonean civil war as leader of the Jews by the Roman general Pompey 0067 B.C.² Consul at Rome, Roman Republic, 0070 B.C..² Triumvir Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus returned to Italy, after re-conquering Spain, to help M. Licinius Crassus end the slave rebellion led by the gladiator Spartacus 0071 B.C..² He played a key role victory of the patrician Cornelius Sulla in the civil war with supporters of the populist Gaius Marius 0084-0078 B.C..² He was born 0106 B.C. At September 29, Rome, Italy.¹ Triumvir Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus also went by the name of Pompey "the Great".² He was a highly successful Roman general and statesman in the last decades of the Roman Republic.²

     Alexander II the Hasmonean died 0049 B.C. At Antioch. He was beheaded by Scipio at Antioch, and that by the command of Pompey, and upon an accusation laid against him before his tribunal, for the mischiefs he had done to the Romans.^1,2 He was the son of Judah Aristobulus II, King of Judaea.¹ Alexander II the Hasmonean avoided the captivity his father, brother, and two sisters had in Rome.³ He was the son of Aristobulus.³ He married Alexandra the Hasmonean, daughter of John Hyrcanus II, High Priest of Judaea.¹

     Judah Aristobulus II, King of Judaea died 0049 B.C. At Rome, Italy. He was sent to Rome as a prisoner and remained there until his death. "Now, upon the flight of Pompey and of the senate beyond the Ionian Sea, Caesar got Rome and the empire under his power, and released Aristobulus from his bonds. He also committed two legions to him, and sent him in haste into Syria, as hoping that by his means he should easily conquer that country, and the parts adjoining to Judea. But envy prevented any effect of Aristobulus's alacrity, and the hopes of Caesar; for he was taken off by poison given him by those of Pompey's party; and, for a long while, he had not so much as a burial vouchsafed him in his own country; but his dead body lay [above ground], preserved in honey, until it was sent to the Jews by Antony, in order to be buried in the royal sepulchers."^3,1,4 He made an unsuccessful attempt to regain power 0056 B.C..³ He was the predecessor of John Hyrcanus II, High Priest of Judaea; High Priest.¹ Judah Aristobulus II, King of Judaea succeeded to the throne on the death of his mother, Salome Alexandra, defeating his brother and rival, John Hyrcanus II, 0067 B.C..³ He was favoured by the Sadducees.⁵ King of Judaea at Palestine 0067-0063 B.C..¹ He was the successor of Alexandra Salome, High Priestess of Judaea; High Priestess.^1,6 Judah Aristobulus II, King of Judaea was born 0100-0098 BCE. He was the son of Alexander Jannaeus, High Priest of Judaea and Alexandra Salome, High Priestess of Judaea.^1,2

     Mithradates I, King of Armenia was born 0034 B.C.. He was the son of K'art'am, King of K'art'li and N. N. Aršakuni. Mithradates I, King of Armenia was installed as the King of Armenia by his brother, Parsman I, after Parsman defeated the Parthian king of Armenia 0035 CE.² King of Armenia at Transcaucasia 0035-0037 AD.^1,3 He lost the Armenian throne to Demonax, a Parthian vassal, 0037-0039 AD.³ King of Armenia, restored 0039-0051 AD.^1,3 He died 0051 AD. He was murdered by his nephew Radamistos.³ He was the predecessor of Rhadamistes K'ujisuni, King of Armenia; King of Armenia.³ Mithradates I, King of Armenia was the father of Princess of Armenia of Judaea; per RFC, the daughter of the King of Armenia, Mithradates I, of the K'ujisuni, by an unknown first wife.⁴

     King of Parthia 0040-0051 AD. Gotarzes II, King of Parthia died 0051 AD. Then faced with rebels seeking his overthrow, he died of an illness.^1,2 He was the son of Artabanus III, King of Parthia.¹

     Ptolemy XII Neos Dionysos, King of Egypt was the predecessor of Ptolemy XIII Theos Philopator I, King of Egypt; King of Egypt. Ptolemy XII Neos Dionysos, King of Egypt died 0051 B.C., February/March. He died of disease.^3,4,5,6 He was restored to the throne by Gabinius 0055 B.C. At before April 22.^3,5 He witnessed the death of Berenice IV Cleopatra Epiphaneia, Queen of Egypt 0055 B.C; She was executed after her father was restored to the throne.^5,7 Ptolemy XII Neos Dionysos, King of Egypt was able to buy the support of Aulus Gabinius, Roman proconsul of Syria 0057 B.C..⁷ He departed Rome for Ephesus 0057 B.C. At Asia Minor.⁷ He employed bribery and intrigue, and succeeded in inducing the Romans to restore him to his kingdom, but the Alexandrians resolved to oppose him and dispatched a delegation to Rome to refute Ptolemy's accusations against them and to present charges of his misrule, and after arranging the murder of these delegates and even of some Romans who suspected him, he departed Rome 0057 B.C..⁷ He feared popular insurrection over the loss of Cyprus and went to Rome to seek military aid, leaving his queen, Cleopatra V, and his eldest daughter, Berenice IV, as regents in Egypt 0058 B.C..⁴ He was a witness where Cleopatra V Tryphaena, Queen of Egypt appointed regent when her husband went to Rome to seek military aid against a possible insurrection 0058 B.C.⁴ Ptolemy XII Neos Dionysos, King of Egypt was a witness where Berenice IV Cleopatra Epiphaneia, Queen of Egypt appointed regent when her father went to Rome to seek military aid against a possible insurrection 0058 B.C.⁴ Ptolemy XII Neos Dionysos, King of Egypt bribed Julius Caesar, one of the Roman consuls, with 6,000 talents, in return for which Caesar passed a law acknowledging his kingship 0059 B.C..⁴ He faced opposition in Rome when the issue was raised about his legitimacy, and producing a questionable will of Ptolemy XI Alexander II purporting to bequeath Egypt to the Roman people 0065 B.C..⁴ He was crowned in Alexandria according to Egyptian rites 0076 B.C..⁴ He married Cleopatra V Tryphaena, Queen of Egypt, daughter of Ptolemy IX Philometor Soter II, King of Egypt, 0079-0077 B.C. At Egypt; (Half-?)siblings.⁴ Ptolemy XII Neos Dionysos, King of Egypt was in Syria 0080 B.C..⁴ He was invited by the people of Alexandria, although only quasi-legitimate the two fully legitimate successors had died violent deaths, to assume the throne 0080 B.C..⁴ King of Egypt 0080-0052/1 B.C.. He was a witness where Mithradates VI Europator, King of Pontus captured Ptolemy XII Auletes of Egypt 0088 B.C.⁴ Ptolemy XII Neos Dionysos, King of Egypt was captured by Mithradates VI Eupator, ruler of Pontus, a kingdom in Asia Minor that was at war with Rome, 0088 B.C..⁴ He sent by his grandmother, Cleopatra III, queen of Egypt, in the company of his brother and Ptolemy XI Alexander II, his predecessor for safekeeping to Cos 0103 B.C. At Aegean Sea, Asia Minor.⁴ He was a witness where Ptolemy XI Alexander II, King of Egypt sent by sent by his grandmother, Cleopatra III, queen of Egypt, in the company of his brother and Ptolemy XII Auletes, his successor, to Cos 0103 B.C. At Aegean Sea, Asia Minor.⁴ Ptolemy XII Neos Dionysos, King of Egypt was identified by Chris Bennett with the son of Ptolemy IX who was eponymous priest 0109/8 B.C..⁶ He was the son of Ptolemy IX Philometor Soter II, King of Egypt.^1,2,6 Ptolemy XII Neos Dionysos, King of Egypt was born 0117 B.C., late.^8,6 He was related to Cleopatra VII Thea Philopator, Queen of Egypt; the second daughter of King Ptolemy XII.⁹ Ptolemy XII Neos Dionysos, King of Egypt was the son of Ptolemy IX Soter II, but the identity of his mother is not certain.⁴ He was the son of an unnamed mother, identified by Chris Bennett as Cleopatra IV.⁶ Ptolemy XII Neos Dionysos, King of Egypt also went by the name of Ptolemy "the Fluteplayer" Auletes = the Fluteplayer.² Ptolemy XII Neos Dionysos, King of Egypt also went by the name of Ptolemy XII Auletes.^2,4

     Rhadamistes K'ujisuni, King of Armenia was the successor of Mithradates I, King of Armenia; King of Armenia.^3,2 Rhadamistes K'ujisuni, King of Armenia witnessed the death of Mithradates I, King of Armenia 0051 AD; He was murdered by his nephew Radamistos.² Rhadamistes K'ujisuni, King of Armenia murdered his uncle Mithradates to take the Armenian throne 0051 AD.² He defeated his uncle Mithradates at Garni and briefly became King of Armenia 0051 CE.¹ He invaded Armenia now that there was no ruler there, and behaved more cruelly than before as he came against rebels and who in time would rebel again 0051 CE.⁴ King of Armenia at Transcaucasia 0051-0054 AD.² He died 0054 AD. He was expelled and murdered by his father.^2,1 He was the son of P'arsman I, King of K'art'li and Princess of Armenia of Judaea.² Also called Rhadamistus.⁵

     Emperor Claudius I of the Romans was called "Tiberius Claudius Nero Germanicus" on the adoption of his elder brother, Germanicus, by the Emperor Tiberius 0004 AD.⁴ He was called "Tiberius Claudius Drusus" at his birth.⁴ He married Plautia Urgulanilla; His 1st.⁴ Emperor Claudius I of the Romans was born 0010 B.C., August 1 at Lugdunum (Lyon), Lugdunensis (Gaul), Roman Empire.^1,5,4 He was the son of Nero Drusus Claudius Germanicus and Antonia Minor.^1,2,3 Emperor Claudius I of the Romans married Aelia Paetina by 0028 AD; His 2nd.⁴ Emperor Claudius I of the Romans was Consul for the first time 0037 AD.⁴ He was drawn out of obscurity by his nephew, Caligula, who made him a senator and consul 0037 AD.⁴ He and Aelia Paetina were divorced 0038 AD.⁶ Emperor Claudius I of the Romans was the successor of Emperor Caligula of the Romans; Emperor.¹ He was not all as he seemed. "His family members mistook these physical debilities as reflective of mental infirmity and generally kept him out of the public eye as an embarrassment. A sign of this familial disdain is that he remained under guardianship, like a woman, even after he had reached the age of majority. Suetonius, in particular, preserves comments of Antonia, his mother, and Livia, his grandmother, which are particularly cruel in their assessment of the boy. From the same source, however, it emerges that Augustus suspected that there was more to this "idiot" than met the eye. Nevertheless, Claudius spent his entire childhood and youth in almost complete seclusion. The normal rites de passage of an imperial prince came and went without official notice, and Claudius received no summons to public office or orders to command troops on the frontiers. When he assumed the toga virilis, for instance, he was carried to the Capitol in a litter at night; the normal procedure was to be led into the Forum by one's father or guardian in full public view. How he spent the voluminous free time of his youth is revealed by his later character: he read voraciously. He became a scholar of considerable ability and composed works on all subjects in the liberal arts, especially history; he was the last person we know of who could read Etruscan. These skills, and the knowledge of governmental institutions he acquired from studying history, were to stand him in good stead when he came to power."¹ Emperor Claudius I of the Romans married Valeria Messalina 0038 AD; His 3rd.⁴ Emperor Claudius I of the Romans was Imperator for the first time on his accession 0041 AD, January 24.⁴ He was granted Tribunician power on his accession, and renewed annually on the 25th of January, 0041 AD, January 24.⁴ He was called "Tiberius Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus, Pontifex Maximus," on his accession 0041 AD, January 24.⁴ He was Imperator II-III 0041 AD, after January.⁴ Emperor at Roman Empire 0041-0054 AD.¹ He added "Pater Patriae" to his titles 0042 AD, January.⁴ He was Consul II 0042 AD.⁴ He was Consul III 0043 AD.⁴ He was Imperator IV-VIII 0043-0045 AD.⁴ He was Imperator IX-XIV 0045-0047 AD.⁴ He was Consul IV 0047 AD.⁴ He was Imperator XV-XVIII 0047-0050 AD.⁴ He married Agrippina the Younger, daughter of Germanicus Caesar and Agrippina the Elder, 0049 AD; Her 3rd. His 4th. Uncle/niece.^7,4 Emperor Claudius I of the Romans persuaded to officially adopt Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus, his fourth wifes son by an earlier marriage, as an heir 0050 AD.⁸ He was a witness where Agrippina the Younger persuaded Emperor Claudius to adopt her son from an earlier marriage, Lucius Domitius, officially 0050 AD.⁸ Emperor Claudius I of the Romans witnessed the adoption of Emperor Nero of the Romans 0050 AD; He was adopted by the Emperor Claudius I to be an heir.⁸ Emperor Claudius I of the Romans was Imperator XIX-XXVII 0050-0052 AD.⁴ He was Consul V 0051 AD.⁴ He held at his death the name and titles: "Tiberius Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus, Pontifex Maximus, Tribuniciae potestatis XIV, Consul V, Imperator XXVII, Pater Patriae".⁴ He died 0054 AD, October 13 at Rome, Italia, Roman Empire. "The ancient accounts are confused -- as is habitual in the cases of hidden and dubious deaths of emperors -- but their general drift is that Claudius was poisoned with a treated mushroom, that he lingered a while and had to be poisoned a second time."^1,5,4 He was a witness where Agrippina the Younger poisoned her husband, the Emperor Claudius, after five years of marriage 0054 AD, October 13.⁶ Emperor Claudius I of the Romans was the predecessor of Emperor Nero of the Romans; Emperor.¹ Emperor Claudius I of the Romans was buried in the Mausoleum of Augustus in the Campia Martius, Rome, Italia, Roman Empire.⁴ He was "tall but not slender, with an attractive face, becoming white hair, and a full neck".⁹ He was the son of Nero Claudius Drusus, a popular and successful Roman general, and the younger Antonia, he was the nephew of the emperor Tiberius and a grandson of Livia Drusilla, the wife of the emperor Augustus.⁵

     Mithradates III, King of Parthia and Media Atropatene died 0054 B.C. At Seleucia. Having fought a civil war with his brother, Orodes II, he was defeated by the most famous Parthian general, Suren, and immediately murdered.^1,3 He witnessed the death of Phraates III, King of Parthia 0057 BCE, circa; He was murdered by his two sons, Orodes II and Mithradates III, after his former ally, Pompey, who had at first abandoned Mesopotamia to Phraates, later reversed his stand and occupied the Parthian vassal states of Gordyene and Osroëne.^2,4,5 King of Parthia 0057-0054 B.C..^3,6 King of Media Atropatene at Parthian Empire 0067 B.C.. Mithradates III, King of Parthia and Media Atropatene was the successor of Phraates III, King of Parthia; King of Parthia.⁷ Mithradates III, King of Parthia and Media Atropatene married Princess of Armenia, daughter of Tigranes II Megas, King of Armenia and Cleopatra Arshâmid, 0086 B.C; His 2nd.^1,8 Mithradates III, King of Parthia and Media Atropatene was the son of Phraates III, King of Parthia.^1,2 Mithradates III, King of Parthia and Media Atropatene was born 0097 B.C.. Sources: 1. Stuart, R.W. 'Royalty for Commoners', line 408. ; 2. Yarshater, E. 'The Cambridge History of Iran' Vol. 3(1), 'The Seleucid, Parthian and Sassanian Periods' pp.48-49.

     Julia died 0054 B.C..¹ She married triumvir Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus 0059 B.C. At circa; His 4th.^2,3,1 Julia was born 0080 B.C. At circa. She was the daughter of dictator Gaïus Julius Caesar and Cornelia.

     Tiberius Claudius Germanicus was born 0041 AD, February.¹ He was the son of Emperor Claudius I of the Romans and Valeria Messalina.² Tiberius Claudius Germanicus was later renamed Brittanicus.¹ He died 0055 AD. A legitimate (though slightly younger) heir to Emperor Claudius, and possible rival to Nero, Claudius' older adopted son, and so Britannicus' murder was arranged. He was 14 years old.³

     Berenice IV Cleopatra Epiphaneia, Queen of Egypt died 0055 B.C.. She was executed after her father was restored to the throne.^3,4 She ended her marriage to Seleucus Kybiosaktes after a few days when she had him strangled 0056 B.C..² She witnessed the death of Seleucus Kybiosaktes 0056 B.C; His marriage was ended after a few days when she had him strangled.² Berenice IV Cleopatra Epiphaneia, Queen of Egypt married Archelaus II, High Priest of Bellona, son of Archelaus I Archelaid and N. N., Princess of Pontus, 0056 B.C. At mid-year; His 2nd. Her 2nd. s.p.^4,2 Berenice IV Cleopatra Epiphaneia, Queen of Egypt was proclaimed queen on the death of her mother, and in the absence of her father, 0057 B.C. At Egypt.⁴ She married Seleucus Kybiosaktes, son of Cleopatra V Selene, Queen of Egypt, 0056 B.C; Her 1st. s.p.³ Queen of Egypt 0057-0055 B.C..^3,4 Berenice IV Cleopatra Epiphaneia, Queen of Egypt was a witness where Ptolemy XII Neos Dionysos, King of Egypt feared popular insurrection over the loss of Cyprus and went to Rome to seek military aid, leaving his queen, Cleopatra V, and his eldest daughter, Berenice IV, as regents in Egypt 0058 B.C.⁵ Berenice IV Cleopatra Epiphaneia, Queen of Egypt was appointed regent when her father went to Rome to seek military aid against a possible insurrection 0058 B.C..⁵ She was the successor of Cleopatra V Tryphaena, Queen of Egypt; Queen of Egypt. Berenice IV Cleopatra Epiphaneia, Queen of Egypt was the daughter of Ptolemy XII Neos Dionysos, King of Egypt and Cleopatra V Tryphaena, Queen of Egypt.^1,2 Berenice IV Cleopatra Epiphaneia, Queen of Egypt was born 0079-0075 B.C..² She was eldest daughter of Ptolemy XII Auletes of Egypt.⁴

     Tigranes II Megas, King of Armenia died 0055 B.C., circa.⁴ He was reduced to the position of a Roman vassel 0065 B.C..¹ He attacked the Romans, who had somewhat haughtily underestimated the military power of the Romans; his exclamation when he saw the Roman legions has gone down in history: "If they have come as ambassadors, they are too many; if they have come to fight, they are too few," and after a period of war with them, surrendered to Pompey with the peace treaty of Artaxata 0066 B.C..^1,5 He was a witness where triumvir Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus inflicted a harsh if partial defeat upon Tigran II of Armenia, and nevertheless turned out to be chivalrous towards the bitter old sovereign, sparing him the humiliation of having to lay down his crown at the victor's feet and made a stout ally of him, 0067 B.C.⁵ Tigranes II Megas, King of Armenia was diverted from affairs with Parthia when the Roman General Lucullus took Nisibis 0068 B.C..⁶ He was driven out of Syria by Roman general Lucullus 0069 B.C..⁷ He made plans to go against Judea, but on news of Lucullus, in his pursuit of Mithridates [King of Pontus], when Lucullus could not catch him as the latter had fled into Iberia, and so was laying waste to Armenia and besieging its cities, he himself returned to Armenia 0070 BCE.⁸ He had retaken Atropatene and Gordyene, and had made incursions almost as far west as Ecbatana in Parthia 0077 B.C..⁶ He was a witness where Sinatrukes, King of Parthia brought to the throne by the Sacaraucae, at age 80, during a time of confusion in Parthia; chosen as the prince best suited to deal with the dynastic question; to clear up the succession and reunify the kingdom 0077 B.C.^6,9 Tigranes II Megas, King of Armenia was called upon by the Syrians to restore order and end fratricidal wars 0083 B.C..⁷ He occupied Syria, Phoenicia, and Cilicia, ejecting the warring Seleucid rivals 0083 B.C..^10,11 King of Syria 0083-0069 B.C..^7,12 He embarked on a successful campaign of conquest, to northern Mesopotamia, Syria, and Cappadocia, 0095 B.C..¹ He was a witness where Mithradates II, King of Parthia placed Tigranes II the Great on the throne of Armenia 0095 B.C.¹³ King of Armenia at Transcaucasia 0095-0055 B.C..^5,14,4 Tigranes II Megas, King of Armenia was the successor of Philip I Epiphanes Philopator, King of Syria; King of Syria.¹² Tigranes II Megas, King of Armenia was raised to the throne of Armenia by Mithridates II of Parthia 0100-0095 B.C..^13,15 He married Cleopatra Arshâmid, daughter of Mithradates VI Europator, King of Pontus, 0101 B.C; His 2nd.^10,14,16 Tigranes II Megas, King of Armenia was held as a hostage in Parthia for several years before being elevated by Parthia to the Armenian throne.^15,3,4 He was the son of Tigranes I, King of Armenia.^2,3 Tigranes II Megas, King of Armenia was born 0140 B.C., circa.^1,3,4 He was son or brother of Artavasdes I and a member of the dynasty founded in the early 2nd century by Artaxias.⁴ He purchased his freedom from the Parthian king Mithradates II by ceding 70 valleys bordering on Media, in northwestern Iran. He was the son of Tigranes I.² Tigranes II Megas, King of Armenia also went by the name of Tigranes II "the Great".⁴

     . Mark Antony gained notice by burying Archelaus with royal honors.² He died 0055 B.C., January or Februar. He was killed in battle against the forces of A. Gabinius, governor of Syria.² He was honoured by Sulla and the Senate.¹ He defected to Rome at the start of the second Mithridatic war 0083 B.C..¹ He was a leading general of Mithradates VI of Pontus.³ He married N. N., Princess of Pontus, daughter of Mithradates VI Europator, King of Pontus, 0101 B.C. ?^4,5 Archelaus I Archelaid was born 0121 B.C. ?.⁶

     Archelaus II, High Priest of Bellona died 0055 B.C., January/February. He was killed in battle against the forces of A. Gabinius, governor of Syria.¹ He married Berenice IV Cleopatra Epiphaneia, Queen of Egypt, daughter of Ptolemy XII Neos Dionysos, King of Egypt and Cleopatra V Tryphaena, Queen of Egypt, 0056 B.C. At mid-year; His 2nd. Her 2nd. s.p.^2,1 Archelaus II, High Priest of Bellona was appointed to the priesthood at Comana by Pompey 0060-0065 B.C. At circa.¹ He married Unknown (?) 0080 B.C. ?; His 1st.^3,4 Archelaus II, High Priest of Bellona was born 0100 B.C. ?.⁵ He was the son of Archelaus I Archelaid and N. N., Princess of Pontus.¹ High Priest of Bellona at Comana, Cappadocia.¹

     Seleucus Kybiosaktes died 0056 B.C.. His marriage was ended after a few days when she had him strangled.² He married Berenice IV Cleopatra Epiphaneia, Queen of Egypt, daughter of Ptolemy XII Neos Dionysos, King of Egypt and Cleopatra V Tryphaena, Queen of Egypt, 0056 B.C; Her 1st. s.p.¹ Seleucus Kybiosaktes was the son of Cleopatra V Selene, Queen of Egypt.² Seleucus Kybiosaktes was probably the younger son of Antiochus X king of Syria and Cleopatra Selene.²

     Cleopatra V Tryphaena, Queen of Egypt died 0057 B.C..³ She was the predecessor of Berenice IV Cleopatra Epiphaneia, Queen of Egypt; Queen of Egypt.^4,3 Cleopatra V Tryphaena, Queen of Egypt was a witness where Ptolemy XII Neos Dionysos, King of Egypt feared popular insurrection over the loss of Cyprus and went to Rome to seek military aid, leaving his queen, Cleopatra V, and his eldest daughter, Berenice IV, as regents in Egypt 0058 B.C.⁵ Cleopatra V Tryphaena, Queen of Egypt was appointed regent when her husband went to Rome to seek military aid against a possible insurrection 0058 B.C..⁵ Queen of Egypt 0077-0057 B.C.. She married Ptolemy XII Neos Dionysos, King of Egypt, son of Ptolemy IX Philometor Soter II, King of Egypt, 0079-0077 B.C. At Egypt; (Half-?)siblings.⁵ Cleopatra V Tryphaena, Queen of Egypt was the daughter of Ptolemy IX Philometor Soter II, King of Egypt.²

     Phraates III, King of Parthia died 0057 BCE, circa. He was murdered by his two sons, Orodes II and Mithradates III, after his former ally, Pompey, who had at first abandoned Mesopotamia to Phraates, later reversed his stand and occupied the Parthian vassal states of Gordyene and Osroëne.^4,2,5 He made an alliance with the Roman general Pompey and invaded Armenia 0066 B.C..³ He concluded a real alliance that would help Rome in its struggle against Pontus and Armenia with the Roman General Pompey 0066 B.C..⁴ He was a witness where Tigranes II Megas, King of Armenia diverted from affairs with Parthia when the Roman General Lucullus took Nisibis 0068 B.C.⁶ King of Parthia at Iran 0070-0057 B.C..³ Phraates III, King of Parthia was the son of Sinatrukes, King of Parthia.³ Phraates III, King of Parthia was born 0120 B.C..² Phraatac.es (prdtk): Böri-tutuk "wolf, the powerful" or Apar-tutuk "Avar, the powerful."⁷ He was son and successor of Sanatruces (Sinatruces).³ Sources: 2. Yarshater, E. 'The Cambridge History of Iran' Vol. 3(2), 'The Seleucid, Parthian and Sassanian Periods' pp.688.

     P'arsman I, King of K'art'li "In the first year of [Aderk's] reign, Jesus Christ was born in Bethlehem, Judea." 0001 CE (sic). He was thirty years of age at his accession 0001 CE.² He struck the breast of Arshak with an arrow and killed him, his mother's brother, and became King of Iberia in his place 0001 CE.² He married Princess of Armenia of Judaea 0019 AD.³ P'arsman I, King of K'art'li was the son of K'art'am, King of K'art'li and N. N. Aršakuni.¹ P'arsman I, King of K'art'li was born 0030 BCE, circa at Armenia, Transcaucasia.⁴ He defeated, as an ally of the Romans, the Parthian king of Armenia and placed his brother Mithradates (A.D. 35-51) on the throne 0035 CE.⁵ He murdered his own son, as a traitor, to prove his loyalty to the Romans 0054 AD.⁶ He died 0058 AD.³ 12th (co-)King of Kartli at Armazi, Transcaucasia, 0058 CE.⁷ He ruled the Iberians as king for forty-five years.² He crowned his two sons, dividing the country between them: to Bartom (Bartos) he gave K'art'li with many borders, and to K'art'am (K'art'aman) he gave [territories] from Xunan to Klarjet'.² Also called Pharasmanes.⁶ Also called Adirk.² Also called Aderk.⁸ He married the daughter of the Armenian king.² He was a personable man, and one successful in the wars [occurring] between Armenia and Syria, slaying many of the Mumberiz among them.² He was nourished in Armenia.² He was the successor of K'art'am, King of K'art'li; 11th (co-)King of Kartli.⁷ P'arsman I, King of K'art'li was co-ruler with Kaos, King of K'art'li; 12th (co-)King of Kartli.¹ P'arsman I, King of K'art'li was the predecessor of Azork, King of K'art'li; 13th (co-)King of Kartli.⁹

     Praetor Gaïus Octavius died 0059 B.C. At Nola, Campania, Italia, Roman Republic. He died suddenly and unexpectedly.^1,2,3 He was Praetor 0059 B.C.. He married Atia, daughter of Marcus Atius Balbus and Julia, 0070 B.C. At circa; His 2nd.⁴ Praetor Gaïus Octavius married Ancharia 0079 B.C. At circa; His 1st.⁵ Praetor Gaïus Octavius was born 0099 B.C. At circa, Velitrae.⁶ He was the son of Gaïus Octavius the Citizen. Praetor Gaïus Octavius was the father of Octavia Minor; the daughter of Gaius Octavius and his second wife, Atia (but Plutarch says Atia was Octavian's mother, and Octavia Minor, his half-sister by his father's other wife Ancharia).⁴ Praetor Gaïus Octavius was the first of the family to become a Roman senator and was elected to the high annual office of the praetorship, which ranked second in the political hierarchy to the consulship.² He was Senator. He was Governor of Macedonia.

     Mithradates VI Europator, King of Pontus was buried in Sinop, Pontus. Pompey of Rome paid for an honorable burial. Mithradates Eupator VI, called ‘the Great’, sixteenth in descent (12th great-grandson) from Darius (son of) Hystaspes, the Great King and eighth in descent from the first king of independent Pontus, was laid away ceremoniously in the royal tombs of Sinop.³ He died 0063 B.C. At Panticapaeum [now in Ukraine]. He committed suicide when his forces, with which he hoped to renew an attack on Rome, deserted him, and his son, Pharnaces II, rose up against him declaring himself King. Mithridates commanded his personal bodyguard to accept his son as their king, and retired to a castle where he had himself killed.^1,3,2 He was saw his invasion of Phrygia stopped by the Roman ally, Deiotarus of Galatia, 0074 B.C..² He was finally driven back beyond the Caucasus Mountains by the Roman General Pompey 0074 B.C.. He was a witness where Deïotaros I Philoromaios, tetrarch of the Tolistobogi, King of Galatia drove the invading troops of Mithradates VI of Pontus from Phrygia in the opening of the Third Mithradatic War 0074 B.C.² Mithradates VI of Pontus fails in his invasion of Phrygia and is finally defeated by the Romans. 0074-0063 B.C. At the Third Mithradatic War.² Mithradates VI Europator, King of Pontus fought the 3rd Mithridatic War with Rome, and was defeated, 0074-0063 B.C..⁴ He fought the 2nd Mithridatic War with Rome, and was defeated, 0083-0082 B.C..⁴ He made peace with Sulla in the Treaty of Dardanus, abandoning his conquests, surrendering his fleet, and paying a large fine, 0085 B.C.. He created an empire which stretched from the Euphrates River to the Gulf of Corinth (for which Rome regarded Mithradates as the most formidable enemy it ever faced, not Hannibal) 0087 B.C..³ He captured Ptolemy XII Auletes of Egypt 0088 B.C..⁵ He declared war on Rome and attempted to secure his power by ordering the death of every Roman in Asia Minor, the murder of over 80,000, 0088 B.C..³ He was a witness where Ptolemy XII Neos Dionysos, King of Egypt captured by Mithradates VI Eupator, ruler of Pontus, a kingdom in Asia Minor that was at war with Rome, 0088 B.C.⁵ Mithradates VI Europator, King of Pontus was a witness where Archelaus I Archelaid a leading general of Mithradates VI of Pontus.⁶ Mithradates VI Europator, King of Pontus fought the 1st Mithridatic War, and defeated by Rome, 0088-0085 B.C..⁴ He was a witness where Mithradates II, King of Parthia first dealt with the Romans, whose General Sulla met on the Euphrates with the Parthian ambassador Orobaze, and wisely refused to agree to follow in the Roman path and preferred to retain his neutrality in the struggle between Rome and Mithradates VI of Pontus, 0092 B.C.² Mithradates VI Europator, King of Pontus occupied Cappadocia, Paphlagonia and Galatia 0095 B.C. At until.³ He murdered Ariarathes VII Philometor, King of Cappadocia, and placed his own eight year-old son on the Cappadocian throne as Ariarathes IX 0101 B.C..⁷ He annexed the kingdom of Crimea on the Bosporus 0107 B.C..^1,8,3 King of the Bosphorus 0107-0063 B.C..³ He led a force against his mother and without much resistance took his rightful throne 0111 B.C..³ He was a witness where Laodice Seleucid, Queen of Pontus deposed, imprisoned, and finally executed to prevent further intrigue, by her son, Mithridates VI, 0111 B.C. King of Pontus at northeastern Anatolia, Asia Minor, 0111-0063 B.C..^2,9,10,11 Mithradates VI Europator, King of Pontus fled, fearing his safety following his father's death at the hands of his mother, into the interior of Pontus, where his royal blood brought him support 0120 B.C..³ He was the son of Mithradates V Eurgetes, King of Pontus and Laodice Seleucid, Queen of Pontus.^1,2 Mithradates VI Europator, King of Pontus was born 0132 B.C. At the Palace, Sinop, Pontus, northeastern Anatolia, Asia Minor.³ Mithradates (often misspelled Mithridates and meaning "gift of [the god] Mithra") was a common name among Anatolian rulers of the age.¹² G. Melikishvili considers this Mithridates // Mihrdat as a representative of the Mithridatic dynasty of the Pontic kingdom who at the same time can be identified with Azo//Azon of the Georgian chronicles.¹³ The sixth--and last--Pontic ruler by the name Mithradates (often misspelled Mithridates and meaning "gift of [the god] Mithra"); a common name among Anatolian rulers of the age. Stewart Baldwin shows the descent of Mithradates VI from Mithradates II through son Mithradates III. I have through Mithradates III brother Pharnaces.¹¹ Mithradates VI Europator, King of Pontus also went by the name of Mithradates "the Great".^3,9 He was a descendant of Mithridates III.^10,14 "Mithradates" means "gift of [the god] Mithra."² He was a man of great stature and physical strength, a brave fighter, and a keen hunter, but he also had some of the worst traits often associated with the Oriental despot--cruelty and sensuality, in particular.¹⁵ The kings of Pontus are not very well documented for this period, but a descent of Mithridates VI from Mithridates III is a reasonable possibility.¹⁰

     Artaces I, King of K'art'li died 0063 B.C.. 6th King of Kartli at Transcaucasia 0078-0063 B.C..³ He was the successor of Arshak I, King of K'art'li; 5th King of Kartli.³ Artaces I, King of K'art'li married Princess of K'art'li, daughter of Mruan I, King of K'art'li and Princess of K'art'li, 0109 B.C.² Artaces I, King of K'art'li was married to Mirvan's daughter.⁴ He was the son of Arshak I, King of K'art'li.^1,2,5 Artaces I, King of K'art'li was born 0110 B.C.. He was an Arsacid. Also called Artak.⁶ Also called Artoces.² Also called Artog.² "In his day the Iranians came to avenge the blood of P'arnajom. However, because of their multitude, Artog was unable to encounter them; rather, he secured himself against them. Whomever [the Iranians] found in open places, they took, and departed."⁷ Sources: Bryan, K. 'Davidic Descents to the House of Plantagenet' Augustan, Vol. XXV, 16-23.

     Mithradates I Kallinikos, King of Commagene died 0063 B.C..¹ He was the predecessor of Antiochus I Theos Dikaios Epiphanes Philoromaios Philhellen, King of Commagene; King of Commagene.² King of Commagene at Anatolia 0100-0070 B.C..³ Mithradates I Kallinikos, King of Commagene married Laodice Thea, daughter of Antiochus VIII Epiphanes Philometor Grypos, King of Syria and Tryphaena, 0101 B.C.^3,4,5 Mithradates I Kallinikos, King of Commagene was born 0120 B.C..¹ He was the son of Samus II Theosebes Dikaios, King of Commagene and Pythodoris Arshâmid. Sources: 1. Stuart, R.W. 'Royalty for Commoners', line 412. ; 2. Green, P. 'Alexander to Actium' pp.735. "Kallinikos" means "winner of fine victories."

     Antiochus XIII Asiaticus, King of Syria died 0064 B.C.. He was put to death by the Emesan prince Sampsigeramus I.³ King of Syria 0065-0064 B.C..¹ He was the son of Cleopatra V Selene, Queen of Egypt.^1,2

     Ariobarzanes I Philoromaios, King of Media Atropatene died 0063/2 B.C..² He died 0065/0056 BCE.³ King of Media Atropatene. He married Princess of Commagene, daughter of Mithradates I Kallinikos, King of Commagene and Laodice Thea, 0076? BCE.³ Ariobarzanes I Philoromaios, King of Media Atropatene was the son of Mithradates III, King of Parthia and Media Atropatene and Princess of Armenia. Ariobarzanes I Philoromaios, King of Media Atropatene was born 0095? BCE.³ He was a Cappadocian aristocrat who carried on his candidature for the Cappadocian throne vacant after the death of Ariarathes VIII (ca 96 BC) with whom the Cappadocian royal dynasty was dying out.² King of Cappadocia.²

     Alexandra Salome, High Priestess of Judaea died 0067 B.C.. She died as the army of her younger son, Aristobulus II, was preparing to lay siege to Jerusalem.¹ She was the predecessor of Judah Aristobulus II, King of Judaea; King of Judaea.¹ Alexandra Salome, High Priestess of Judaea practically surrendered the rule to the Pharisees on acceding to the kingdom.² She did not begin her own rule until she was sixty-four years old 0076 BCE.³ High Priestess at Judea, Palestine, 0076-0067 B.C..^1,4 She freed Alexander Jannaeus from prison and appointed him King of Judea 0103 BCE.³ She married Alexander Jannaeus, High Priest of Judaea, son of John Hyrcanus I, High Priest of Judaea and N. N. (?), 0103 BCE; Her 2nd (widow).^1,3 Alexandra Salome, High Priestess of Judaea was the successor of Alexander Jannaeus, High Priest of Judaea; High Priest.¹ Alexandra Salome, High Priestess of Judaea was born 0140 BCE. Her Hebrew name was Salome.² She was a woman "who showed no signs of the weakness of her sex".³ She was fifteen years older than Jannaeus.³ She married King of Judaea Judah Aristobulus I the Hasmonean, son of John Hyrcanus I, High Priest of Judaea and N. N. (?); Her 1st.³