ccsaga.html

The 9-part serial appeared in the following issues:
Part 1 - The Mt. Adams Sun, Bingen, WA., July 15, 1954, page 4, includes a portrait
Part 2 - The Mt. Adams Sun, Bingen, WA., July 22, 1954, page 4
Part 3 - The Mt. Adams Sun, Bingen, WA., July 29, 1954, page 4
Part 4 - The Mt. Adams Sun, Bingen, WA., August 12, 1954, page 8
Part 5 - The Mt. Adams Sun, Bingen, WA., August 26, 1954, page 7
Part 6 - The Mt. Adams Sun, Bingen, WA., September 2, 1954, page 5
Part 7 - The Mt. Adams Sun, Bingen, WA., September 9, 1954, page 9
Part 8 - The Mt. Adams Sun, Bingen, WA., September 16, 1954, page 6
Part 9 - The Mt. Adams Sun, Bingen, WA., September 23, 1954, page 8

THE PIONEER SAGA OF CODY CHAPMAN

This is the saga of Courtland William Chapman, born in Portland Oregon, April 24, 1868; told in his own words and with his own spellings. Cody wrote as he spoke and the rhythm of his writing didn't require punctuation. This series of stories should be filed away in the family scrapbook and read aloud by the open fire.

My father, Noah Chapman,
went to Cammas Perrie
In 1871; & in 1872
Moved the famley:
Mrs. Lucinda F. Chapman, wife,
daughter Lucy Chapman, age 7,
Courtland W. Chapman, age 4,
Guy Carlton Chapman,1year.

In the spring of 1872, mooved by boat to Cascades to Hamelton Landing, then by rail to the upper end of the Rappades, then trans-ferd by boat to Warner's landing.
Then we (were) taken by pack horses and saddle horses over a ruff trail down the Chimney Hill. Lunch at Horse Hed springs, then it to the White Salmon river falls.
Camp over knight. In the morning, packed up, all reddy to go. Forded the Rattle Snake creek. The watter was heigh & swift.
Everyone & horse got across OK but one pack hors which was packed hevy & bulky with a cook stove. The watter came heigh up on his sides & swept him down. Lost hors & cook stove. The pack outfit horses belong(ed) to Indian Jacob.
We continued on through the Twin Mountain trail till we reached Cammes Perrie where father had picked out a homestead. Indians thicker than bees gathering cammes, sousweet, wild onions, rushes for mats. Hunting deer & bear.
All kinds of berries: June berries, black berries, crabapples, horn berries, swamp berries, cramberries, hazel nuts, black caps which growed here wild.
A lot of wild fur bearing (animals): fisher, martin, fox (silver, gray and some black), otter, mink, cooger, woolf, link.
And wild foul: duck, geese, swan, sand hill cranes, Jack snipe - all of which made it their home in the year around until the drainag(e) ditch was completed about 1910.

Part 2

CAT HOP LED TO DEATH THREAT WHEN CODY CHAPMAN WAS A BOY

This is the second installment of Cody Chapman's pioneer autobiography. The first told of the hard trip from White Salmon to Glenwood when they lost their stove and a pack horse in fording the flooded Rattle Snake Creek.

Back to this spring of 1872. Father had to go making haying for the winter. Lots of wild grass for hay where the watter had dried up. Grass 2 to 2½ feet high and while cammas grew all through it.
Father was mowing hay and dig. Indian women digging cammas. He had a piece blocked off. And was cutting around it and the Indian women would get right in where he would have to go the next round.
He warned them not to dig where he was mowing - go over a few steps from there. It was just as good as where she was at.

THE CAT HOP

The dirt got caught in the sickle and would bother him. She mooved over. He made another round and she was right back again. Then in the cat hop started. She took after him with the camas look. He got it away from her and broke it over the mower wheel and through with out in the grass and went on mowing.
I started for the house. It was about a quarter of a mile but was in site of where he was mowing. After I got to the house a while she came there with a big rock in her hand and threatened to kill mother and us children.
Mother had Guy lying on the bed. I got into the corner, partly under the bed. Mother backed up to the hed of the bed where father had two large revolvers laying loaded. They wore to Indian men there and made her get out of there. She went out the door and threw the rock away and went back to her camp.

TONS OF BUTTER

We lived on that place till spring & a man and by the name of Bill Barker was in pardners with the Dan Murchey, a holesale dealer in Portland. John Murchey, not satisfied with Barker, turned 1200 hed of sheep and (the) ranch at this and of the valley over to Noah Chapman, my father.
He mooved on the place, spring 1873, and run sheep for several years. What few famlys were there made butter all summer. Packed it in small barrels and brine. Barrel made for that purpose.
Some would have a ton and some would have thre or four ton in the fall. Two or three would go togather hauling to Warner's Landing (Bingen), 25 miles, and ship it to Portland, sell it as a farley good price, and would purchase grozeries to last a year or more.
(By) this time they had slashed a wagon road. They loaded a wagon with about 2500 (pounds) and three yoke of oxen, span of horses in the lead. One day to go to Gilmer. Next day to Falls (Husum). Next to Horsehed springs. Next day to Warner's Landing.
The road was that rough you couldn't stay on the wagon. There is about a half mile of it yet to be sean at this end of Bald mountain, what is called Chimney Hill.
They had to divide the loading in three equal parts to haul it up the Chimleys Hill. Going down had to ruf lock the hind wheels with chains so they would dig in the ground to hold the wagon.
And then sometimes it would almost run over the oxen. They would use one yoke of oxen going down. The road is there yet. I have thought of taking a pitcher of it some day.

Part 3

GLENWOOD BUILT LOG BLOCKHOUSE AS PROTECTION AGAINST INDIANS

Chapter 1of Cody Chapman's autobiography described the family's trip from White Salmon to Glenwood in 1871. Chapter 2 told of an angry squaw, making butter by the ton and bent on murder, and pioneers hauling it to market. This installment recalls of the threat of war with the Indians and building a community blockhouse on Camas Prairie.

Then names and places that I have spoke of has been change. Horse Hed Springs is where Pleasand View school house is now. Falls is called Husum.
After the hauling was over, gather up the beef cattle & buyers would come from The Dalles & lump them off, pay in cash, no checks, mostly in gold. The men would help the byers as far as Grand Dalles and then come home, get ready for winter.
The winter's wore bad. Snow. Never less than 3 feet and up to 7 feet some winters. In 1879, or about, was the Indian scare. They had their war dance at Pana(ka)nick. Lies South East of Cammas Perrie, separated by a long chain of mountains running North & South.
The Indians decided at the dance to build a big fire on top of this mountain & if the smoke went up strate there would be no war with the people of the valley. And if the smoke smuged down they would have war. Father was kept warned by an old Indian doctor, Homilk was his name. Made his home with us till he was killed.

BLOCKHOUSE

For protection against the Indians in 1879, people of Cammas Perry all went together and built a log building about 18 x 20. On the inside, chink and mudded cracks. And another (story) right over it, 4 feet larger, of logs. They closed up the holes by muding and chinking and filled between with dirt as high as the eaves.
For protection wimon & children would stay in side of the building, mostly knights. The man with guard the out side. Had a saddle horse tied out in the woods a mile or so. If the Indians got to strong they would have one man get to the horse and notify Vancouver Bereks for the soldiers.
This lasted several days. And the Indians quieted down. This building was built on the L. D. Stump place.

BINGEN BARRACKS

The Indian Doctor Homilk made his home at the Chapman ranch, spring of 1882. When to Silo (Celilo) to fish for salmon - to be gone one week.
We were looking for him a back after the week expired. Some of his Indian friends and white friends seas a spotted a horse on the Berdoin mountain running loose on the range with a saddle on. Noah Chapman new the hors. Then everyone was on the lookout for the Indian Docter.
He was found a week or 10 days latter. Noticed buserds flying around the place where he was found. When looking there and smelled something was dead and found he had been killed. Throwed over the bluff and lodged on an oak limb.

DOCTOR'S MEDICINE

The people of Bingen at that time mistrusted to Indian brothers had done it by the name of Sam and Frank Letia, Indian name. They were arrested and taken before Thedoar Sucksdorf. He was Justis of the Pice at Bingen. For lack of evidence, they wore set free.
Noah Chapman was Justis of Pice at Camas Perrie and was notified from the Indian Agensy, Cimcoe, Yakima co., to have Sam, Frank and their mother come over to the Indian Agensy. They wore taken over the there and was asked about the killing of Docter Harmilk Indian and was crossquestioned.
And the mother of the two boys pled guilty. She said she killed & threw him over the bluff because he had doctored some of her people and killed them. And that was their believe. Among all of the Indians there wore nothing more done about it.

Part 4

NOAH CHAPMAN LOST 1200 SHEEP WHEN WET SNOW CRUSHED BARNS; WILDCAT ATTACKED JOHN CONBOY

This is the fourth installment of Cody Chapman's autobiography which describes the hard winter of 1875 and 1876. The first chapter described the Chapman family's journey to Camas Prairie in 1871. The second and third narrated their troubles with the Indians.

Father build a large barn acrost the meddow from where we lived, 1 mile. They wore 4 cribs built of logs, 45 feet wide & 70 ft heigh up to the eves. Runing lengthwise, a driveway of 30 f.t. and crost the center, a drive way 30 f.t. One roof covered all 4 cribs.
They were filled to the roof, all 4 cribs, with hay for the sheep, feed racks all through thes driveways & shelter.
Started the winter with 2000 hed of sheep. Right after the first of the year, 1876, it started to snow. In 3 days we had 7 feet on the level of snow. Stopped snowing & started raining and the snow was very slush. Rained a week.

ROOF BATTLE

The rail fences across the valley back(ed) the snow watter and made a regular dam across the valey. The watter was backed up on the medow where we cut hay, 4 (feet) deep. We had to make a box boat to get across the watter to the barn to feed sheep.
Father was working hard to get the barn shuveled off as the rafters were cracking every once and a while. He worked all day long shuvelling lanes know, had supper, went back to shuvel all knight.
And about nine o'clock it broke again, killing and berrying a lot of sheep with snow. Spring opened up. Had 900 hed of sheep left out of 2000.
After the snow had melted of(f) with heavy Chinook winds, Johnny Conboy & myself pulled all the wool of(f) the dead sheep. When that was done, the grass had started nice on bald hill at White Salmon.

BIG LYNX

Moved the sheep to Horse Hed springs, camped there, and run the sheep up on the mountain from there. Wore there about 3 weeks until the grass was fed off.
Then one morning early we started the sheep up the mountain. They sheep were feeding on the side hill. We wore beloo on the trail. Johnie Conboy was in the lead; then a big hound dog next. I was a short way behind.
Johnny was going under a large oak tree with lots of lims. One lim hung out over the trail.
A big lynk jumped from the lim on his back trying to get him by the throat. I ran up & got him by the hind leg and tried to pull him of. I could(n')t bug him. The hound jumped up and grabbed him in the side and bit him so hard he let go & him and the hound had a regular tusell. Conboy and myself got big rocks while they work fiting and we commenced to rock the lynk. He ran up a fir tree. Sat there looking at us. We stayed there for a while and went off & left him sat in on a limb. We had no gun.
We moved from Horse Hed springs to Bald mountain. When it was fed of, we moved to Hog Back - up from the Juett place. By the time it was fed of, the grass started to dry up. Then moved back to Cammas Perrie on Bird Creek & Sage Brush Flat for the summer.

Part 5

PIONEER BOY GOES FOR DOCTOR; WADES ACROSS FROZEN COLUMBIA ONLY TO LOSE RACE WITH DEATH

Here is the fifth installment of Cody Chapman's autobiography in which he describes the pioneers' bitter battle for survival. In this chapter Cody tells of crossing the half-frozen Columbia to get a doctor for his father, fatally ill with pneumonia.

Mrs. Jane Conboy's homestead joined the Conboy Lake. They had a lot of cattle & a few horses. The first parte of the winter, not very bad. They wore short on hay. Put their cattle down on the Klickitat range. It was early grass there. Wore 60 or 70 head of cattle out at Ded Canion. Came a late snowstorm, 5 feet in a short time.
They tried to break trail to them with horses. The snow was so deep they could not make it. They had to go on skees to find where the cattle wore holed up in different places. After they wore found they had to tie hay up in bundles, pack it on their back, walk on skees 12 to 14 miles to keep the stock alive.
Peat Conboy & his brother Johnie kept this up till the Chinook wind took the snow off the face of the Klickitat hills. It was some time before they got a trail through in the Timber. The snow stayed on. They wore a good many cattle died. The date of this winter Can't recall. Hass slip my mind.
First week in January, May 1889, Noah Chapman was taken sick with Neumonig at his worst attack. I, Courtland W. Chapman, riding a large dapel gray mare horse, went for the doctor at Hood River.
The snow was 5 feet deep and just barley a trail. The hors had to step from one hole to another, just as the horses that broke the trail at first. My feet would drag in the snow on each side of the hors. This continued as far as the Falles which is called Husum.
Knight came on at Oak Ridge. From the Falles, the snow wasent so deep. I arrived at White Salmon at 11 at knight at the Jacobson residence. Woke them up and explained what I wanted to do. He told me I could not get acrost the river, that it was froze over and about to break open.
I told him I would take a chance. Put hors in barn, feed him good. Got a lantern and a pair of skees which I was handy on. And we started for the river.

BLACK DARK

He was to stand there with the lantern so I could get my course which way to go. It was black dark. Took this skees, waded out about 100 feet or I could get up to this slush ice.
The watter (was) waste deep with ice under it along the edge where I had to wade. Got on the skees and started. In a short time with across the river. Went to Dr. Dumbie's office. Waked him up. Wanted him to go back with me. Nothing doing. But (he) gave me medison to take back home.
Left Hood River at 1 o'clock on the knight. Got back to the river. Had a lantern. Bloed it out and could see Jacobson's lantern waveing on the Washington side.
So went straight to it. Went fine till I got about the center of river I could feal that the ice was giving so went a little faster.
Un expected, one skee brok back of where the lether was nailed on. Made the rest of the way with most of my wate on one skee and pole. Got back to this side of the river. We walked up the hill. They had got hot lunch reddy and a hot whiskey.
Started back for Cammas at day break. Was back between Gilmer & Cammas Perrie, Clouse Stack, a naber, met me & said father had past on.
Where I crossed the river is where the White Salmon and Hood River bridge is locakated now.

Part 6

CHIEF OPENS TREASURE TRUNK TO SHOW CHAPMAN BOYS HIS SECRET COLLECTION OF SCALPS TAKEN FROM WHITE WOMEN.

This is the sixth installment of Cody Chapman's autobiography in which one of Klickitat county's most interesting pioneers tells the high points of his eventful life. This Sun is indebted to his sister, Mrs. Kate Lane of Bingen for permission to publish the Chapman story.

Noah Chapman was Justis of the Piece at Cammas Perrie from 1873 up till the time of his deth, Jan. 1889. (He was) County Commishner three terms. W. Dunbar, Chapman, Shuster wore three of hoo helped moove the county seat from Rockland over the old stage road through Centerville to Goldendale.
The old name of Grand Dalles is Rockland. The last few years kept him in Goldendale most of the time.
From January 1889, C. W. Chapman & Guy C. Chapman run the Glenwood ranch From that time it was nothing new. We brought it before under his management: May 15, 1906.
Guy C. Chapman and myself went to Logy Creek, Yackiama co., to buy wild horse. We bought 30 hed drove them to the ranch, broke them to ride and had an oction sale. So them all at a good price.
Went back the next year, 1907 in May, to buy more horses. We were to early so we had to stay there for one week till the round up started.

SOUVENIRS

We thought we would go down on Sattas (Status) Creek where we knew some of the Indians stopped - Tunewasher's place, Indian Chief. The next day his wife went to Topenish to get groceries.
The Chief called us in the house to show us why he had got during the war with the whites when they would come through that pass. He had two good-sized trunks, One locked one.
The first thing was his large fur coat with hood. Wanted me to put it on. I dident care to as it had a peculiar smell. He kept at me till I put it down. He wanted to see how it looked. He pulled the hood on my hed and the feathers stood straight out in back and up over the hood.
He seemed to be satisfied. Why I asked him if he uste (to) wear a hat. He said "Yes, in wartime." Then next was a nice beeded vest. Shoed him and his hors on the front of the vest. He was riding. Worked with beads. It was nice Magensons (moccasins) all beaded & gloves the same. Belt beedied with lether sheal (sheath) & dager.

"MOSTLY WIMMIN"

Next was about a dozen tomahakks made of rock with wooden handles. You could see the old blud was dried on some. Old revolvers with hammer underneath. A large pile of Indian money strung on buckskin strings.
I saw a large pile of hair but didn't give it a thought. The Indians made their ropes of hair from the mains and tails of horses. I have sean them do it lots of times. Grabed holde of it to look & see if there was ennything under it. Then felt the dry hide. They wore hard. Then took a lot of it apart and seen it was scalps.
As near as I can guess there were about 35 or 40 scalps. Mostly wimmen. They had longer hair then a man. Blonds, black & brown, gray hair. They wore all tangled up. Then I examined them he never said a word. Just looked down. Not a word was spoken.
My brother Guy sat on the floor & looked. Then we picked up everything, put it back in the trunk & he locked it up. We looked for him to show us what was in the other truck but he would not onlocked it.
We help him put it away where he had stored it. He raised some short boards in the floor and put them under the floor. Informed us not to tell what we saw. (Then he) asked the blesson (blessing) in the Indian.
The Three of us walked out to our camp. We started cooking dinner. He had dinner with us. We had none him for a few years. He was the hed manager of the round up.
Sometime between 1907 & 1908 his wife went to Yakima and when she returned found him dead. Some of his pacients had died and their relatives had shot him. It is their religion. He was a doctor.

Part 7

CODY RECALLS FEAST WIH THE DEAD ON MEMALOOSE ISLAND; CHIEF DANCED UNTIL NAKED EXCEPT FOR HIS SASH

"Almost every action in Indian life was connected with spirit power. They saw its influence in every happening, funny and commonplace as well as important. You probably could not hear a group of men talking for an hour without some mention of the supernatural." (Indians in Washington, published by Earl Coe, Secretary of State).
This is the seventh chapter of Cody Chapman's autobiography wherein he describes an Indian Feast of the Dead on Memaloose Island. The year was 1875.

The Indian Dr. Hommilk had a daughter & son dead at Mamolouse Island. He was going over there to a big feed. Father and mother let me go enny place with him & felt safe. I went with him and they wore a lot of Indians there.
They had a large place made of poles, grass mats and rush mats. On maps on the sand, their dead. At that time and they would sat the dead up all around this place they had built with a lot of their blankets, beeds, air heads and a lot of different things.
They liked rock pipes. They wore black, smooth and nice. On the stem they would be carved out and raped (wrapped) with skunk cabbage leaves. They would pore hot silver in a small hole and it would run around the crevises & make different images.

DEATH DANCE

On Memoloose Iolan they had another big round building made of poles stuck in the sand and slanted about ½-pitch. Mats & rush mats all around it till about 12 feet high, with a pealed pole in the center.
A chief would dance around that pole and sing until it looked like he was tired out swetting, singing and dancing. He would keep at it till he would have nothing on but a sash.
All the other Indians - wimmen & children - kept back about 10 feet, danced around him circuling to the right with their sholders tuching to gather. Next roe, just close enough to pass circuling to laugh, all in a circle.
All dance at once & sing. Two men laying on a mat beating a drum. Each one would have a drum. It looked like a big sive with hide stretched over it.

DEATH FEAST

After this dance (they) had a big supper. They would wate on the dead first.
Set cammas, Salmon, all kinds of dried berries, souwett pine nuts, wild onions, Indians esparagrass & lots of other wild grass roots.
I can pronounce them in Indian language but the spelling gets me. And the Chinook language don't have it. I have learned them both. Believe I can make an Indiana ashamed talking his language.
To speak a word and motion it at the same time it with your lips, I finde it is hard to spell.

Part 8

NEXT TO LAST CHAPMAN CHAPTER; TROUT LAKE HORSE HUNTERS EAT WEEDS TO KEEP FROM STARVING

This is the eighth chapter of the Cammas Prairie autobiography of Cody Chapman. For ease in reading, the editors have punctuated Mr. Chapman's manuscript but have not tempered with his original spellings except to clarify of them occasionally by the use of parentheses. The series will be concluded with one more installment.

The real old timers -- up to 1875, there were about 10 to my nolidge:
Mrs. Jane Conboy & family: John, Peat, Magie, Kate.
Bill Gilmer & family: George, Bradshaw, William.
Bill Barker & family: Nettie, Robert, Mertz, Frank.
Henry Throwe (Troh) & family: Peter, Sofa.
Mr. Hames & famley: Dicke.
Singlemen: Yoark, Joe Devine, Kelly, Dick, and Bill Trent, Mr. Bull, Watson.
Len Stump & famley: May, Marvill, John.
Mr. Cline & famley: Bob, Philoup, Jake, Lute, Mery, Dan.
Stoller & famley: Peter, Johnie, Samey, Susey, Merry, Magie, Liddie.
Mr. Fish & famley: girl (died winter of '71) buried in snow till spring then moved to Yakiama. Later in the seventys &80, moor mooved in and took up homesteads.

JUNE 1874

Doctor Homilk, the Indian that stayed with (us), had about 20 had of horses. Father had about 10 hed. They would let them run on the Troute Lake range. There was no one living there of them. It was all open range.
The horses would be all turned over the air as it was nice range. Just before haying father wanted some of the horses to work through haying.
Among other fixed re up a large lot of lunch for the Indian doctor & myself to take with says. The next day the doctor. The saddle horses ready and we started over the trial. We got over there and spread the lunch. I ate all by cutting and he kept eating till he cleaned it up.
Thinking we would find the horses easy, we went all over the lower range. And that dark weaves stakes out a saddle horses and spread blankets. Got up in the morning and started out.
Then went up by the lake and found tracks about a day old. Followed them to the ice caves. Beleave me, I was getting hungery. I told him we'd had better go back. I was hungery.
He said no, we would get the horses first. We found them about dark at Peterson Perrie.

ATE WEEDS

He got of(f) his horse, took a stick and dug some souweet and some other root. He ate some and tolde me to eat some. I ate quite a bit. We had to camp another knight. The next morning we got the horses and started for home.
Drove them to the crosing of (the) White Salmon & fordered the river. Got over to the too hills. I tolde him I was good and hungery.
He got of his horse an picked three little weeds and tolde me to eat them. And he eat some too.
I wasennt hungery enny more. After I got home I didn't care about eating much for some time. Through him I learned a lot about the Indians' grass roots for medison & a lot about their language.

Part 9

CODY CHAPMAN TELLS HOW PIONEERS THRESHED GRAIN AND MADE "FLOWER"

This installment concludes the autobiography of Courtland W. (Cody) Chapman. The editor would appreciate knowing whether or not our readers enjoy such local history.

Some of the ways of the Old Timers had to ruff it. If the flower fell short of the year, grind wheet in a coffee mill. Thrash it out by cleaning the ground of(f) 30 feet square, building a fence around it. Spread the bundles, turn a bunch of horses in, run them around and tell it was tramped out.
Have a wide-tong fork. Pitch the straw of good and clean. Spred some more untill it would be about a foot deep. Then throw it in a pile. Sack it.
Get up high where the wind blew and let it fall on a canvas. The wind blow would blow the chaf out. Do it over it till it was clean.
That was their first (way). Next came a fanning mill run by hand to clean it. Then it was easy. Nothing worth talking about.
For sports in the winter: dancing, slay riding, and skating. In the summer on Sundays gather at one place: race horses, ride steeas and wild horses.
I am glad pioneer times are over with so the younger generation will have it easier to get along.

"A FEW SKETCHES"

How the old timers made by brooms. They would get a wild chery tree that was streight, about 3 inches thik, and on one end make shavens about 10 inches long. By being careful the(y) would held to gather as the wood was tough.
Then turned them the obsit way from which they wore cut, and tie a string or wire around them. Dress the rest of the stick down for a handle and it may be a good broom for a rugh floor.

MORE "THRASHING"

The flail got to be hard. When thrashing came on in the fall, (we) would clean of a nice level piece of ground at about 50 feet square and build a round crall and lay t(w) obundles of wheat deep.
Put about 12 or 15 hed of horses in the crall and get in the center. Run them around untill the grain was all thrashed out.
Then would take a big barley fork and shake the straw. The wheet would fall through to the ground. To get the chaf out, had a fraim built about 15 feet high.
Get it all up there in sacks & when the wind blew hard, spred a canvas blow and gradely (below and gradually) emptied the sacks. The clean wheet would fall on the canvas and the chaf would blow away.
Next was the fannen mill came on. Things was easy. For years latter the farmers all throwed in & bought a tred-power thrashing machine.
In the nerberhood of '77 the little town of White Salmon was Charlie Couver's homestead. He took it as a squatters right & lived there at this spring near the Mason (Masonic) hall now. He got hard up & traded it for a sk of flour.
In later years the farmers pooled beef-cattle togather & apoint to or three to go with them and bring the money back. This time Ed Carson, Peat Stack & Guy Chapman was to go.
They had a bottle or to with them on the way back and got sleepy at the springs - this end of the Curtis ranche, next to Heigh Perrie. They started to count the money. Had its setting in piles around & went to sleep.
I have sean the times change from Indian trails to paved heighway & from ox teams into air plans. If this is enny benefit to the people of Klickitat Co., I am glad to express my experience.

Signed, Courtland W. Chapman, Bingen, Washington.