The first section of this dictionary shows various old measurements.
Feel free to print out a copy of this page for your own personal use. (When
printed out, this page is approximately 65 pages long).
Old measurements: |
1 laup = 3 bismarkpund = 72 merker =
18 kilograms of butter or 2 våger (36 kilograms) of fish |
1 lodd = 14.6246 grams | |
1 mark = 250 grams | |
månadsmatabol = food for 1 day for 1 man for 1 month | |
1 pund (Bismarkpund) = 6 kilograms
Note: this is not the same as an American pound! |
|
1 spann = literally one bucket
1 spann of butter = 15 kilograms of butter 1 spann of grain = 9 kilograms of grain 1 spann = 3 øre = 24 marklag |
|
1 våger = 18 kilograms | |
Old currencies: |
1 rigsdaler = 4 ort = 96 skilling |
1 rigsbankdalar = 96 skilling | |
1 krone = 1/4 speciedaler = 1/8 mark (silver) | |
Symbols: |
English translation: |
* | symbol used in many bygdebøker to indicate marriage |
† | symbol used in many bygdebøker to indicate death |
Click on the first letter of the word you wish to look up, or scroll down the page. Words in Nynorsk are marked (nn).
[ A | B | C| D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M| N | O | P ]
A aar year (archaic for "år") absolvere to give absolution absolusjon absolution (religious) adel nobility adelig noble adelsmann nobleman adlet to be raised to the nobility adoptere to adopt adresse address advare to caution advokat lawyer, solicitor (UK) af of/by/at/from (archaic) aften evening afgange deceased (archaic) agent sales agent, sales representative for a company agentur sales agency agronom graduate of an agricultural college ald. abbreviation for "alder" - age alder age alderdom old age alderdomssvakhet weakness of old age aldri never alle all allmenning forest or grazing land that several farms have the right to access and use. The land may be public or privately owned. alltid always alter alter altergang holy communion almisse charity amanuens assistant amme to nurse amt administrative district/county. (archaic) Since 1918 the word "fylke" has been used. amtmann highest ranking administrator in an "amt" (county) (archaic) anden second (archaic) andre 1) second, 2) other ane/aner ancestor/ancestors anetavle table of ancestors/family tree anfall seizure ankomst arrival anmerkning remark, note annen gang second time anno (Latin) year annonsere announse, publish antall number, count apostelgods land that originally belonged to the Apostel church in Bergen and leased out to farmers apotek pharmacy apoteker pharmacist arbeide work arbeider worker arkitekt architect arkiv archive arm 1) poor, 2) arm armod poverty, poverty-stricken arv inheritance arveavgift inheritance tax arvegods hereditary estate, heirloom arvejord inherited land arvelodd heir's share in a probate estate arveløs disinherited, without rights of inheritance arvesak probate proceeding arveskifte distribution of probate estate arveskatt inheritance tax arvestykke heirloom arving heir arvtagere heirs assessor assistant judge (archaic) at that att (nn) again atten eighteen attende 1) back, 2) eighteenth attest certificate, testimonial audn/audne abandoned farm (frequently used as name of a farm that was abandoned during the Black Death) auk. abbreviation for "auksjon" auksjon auction auksjonsprotokoll auction records av of, by, at, from avdeling part, division, department avdelingssjef department manager avdød deceased avgang 1) death, demise, 2) departure avgift duty, fee avgå retire avhandling thesis, dissertation avkom offspring, issue avling harvest avmønstre to sign off (maritime use) avsked, få be discharged avsked, ta retire avskjed i nåde retire avtale agreement To top of page B b. abbreviation for "barn" - children bg. abbreviation for "bondegods" - land owned by the farmers themselves, not by the king or the church Bg./Ber. abbreviation for "Bergen" - city on the southwest coast of Norway br. abbreviation for "bruk" - farm. (Note: Norwegian farms were usually subdivided over the centuries into smaller "bruk". Each of these "bruk" were numbered 1, 2, 3, 4, etc. Many "bruk" were only about 5 to 15 acres in size) br. abbreviation for "bruker" (also spelled "brukar") - farmer br. heile g. abbreviation for "bruker heile gården" - used the whole farm bs. abbreviation for "busett" - settled, residing in baaret carried (archaic) bage bake (archaic) bager baker (archaic) bagermester master baker (master in the bakers guild) (archaic) bake bake baker baker bakermester master baker (master in the bakers guild) bakke hill bank bank banksjef bank manager bankfunksjonær bank clerk bannlyse excommunicate bar carried bar barnet held child at baptism bare only bark bark/barque (type of vessel) barn child/children barn u.e. ("uekte") illegitimate child, child born out of wedlock barna children barndom childhood barnesykdom childhood disease barneårene childhood barnebarn grandchild/grandchildren barnebarnsbarn great-grandchild barnlaus (nn) childless barnløs childless barnseng (dø i) (die in) childbirth barsel confined to bed barselfeber puerperal fever, child-bed fever barskog coniferous forest (fir and spruce) be pray bebodde inhabited beboer occupant, resident bededag prayer day bedrive hor commit adultery befolkning population begavet gifted begge both begivenhet occurrence, event begrave bury begravelse burial begravet buried behandle handle, treat, manage bemerkning remark ben 1) leg, 2) bone benekte deny benåde pardon besetning livestock, crew besittelse possession beskrivelse description beslekted related bestefar grandfather besteforeldre grandparents bestemor grandmother besøk visit besøkende visitor betale pay betalte paid betjent servant bevilge grant, permission bevilgning grant, permission bevis proof bg. abbreviation for "bondegods" bibliotek library bibliotekar librarian bind volume biologisk (far, sønn, etc.) blood-, biological father, son, etc. biografi biography biografisk biographical bisette read the funeral sermon bisettelse funeral service biskop bishop bispedømme diocese blandkorn mixture of two types of grain, usually oats and barley blei (nn) became bli become blikkenslager tinsmith blind blind blod blood blodgang dysentary blodskam incest bo 1) probate estate, 2) in placenames it means farm, 3) to live at boede lived, resided (archaic) bodde lived, resided bodelning distribution of probate estate bok book bokbinder bookbinder bokhandler bookseller bokstav letter in the alphabet bolig residence, domicile bonde farmer bondegods land owned by the farmers themselves, not by the king or the church bopel residence, domicile bopæl residence, domicile (archaic) borger resident of a city (from German "burgher") who had permission to engage in a profession or trade borgerbok listing of all persons in a city who had permission to engage in a profession or trade. See "borger" borgerlig ekteskap civil marriage borgermester mayor borgerskap citizenship born (nn) child bosatt to live bosette seg to settle bosted place of residence bot fine brann fire brannmann fireman brannmester fire company officer braut broke brev letter, correspondence bro bridge broder brother (archaic) brodersøn brother's son (archaic) bror brother brordatter brother's daughter brorsønn brother's sønn brud bride brudgom bridegroom brudesvenn sponsor of bride br. abbreviation for "bruk" bruk farm brukar (nn) 1) tiller, tenant farmer, 2) user of a farm bruker 1) tiller, tenant farmer, 2) user of a farm bruket the farm bruksnummer farm number brygger brewer bryggeri brewery bryllup wedding brødre brothers budeie milkmaid bukk male goats bukker male goats bukse pants bunad Norwegian national costume bur 1) lives (nn), 2) cage bumerke branding mark, branding iron busett settled, residing in buskap live stock butikk shop/store by town/city bygd small rural village or community bygdebok Norwegian local history book with genealogy information bygg barley bygge to build bygget buildt bygning building bygsla leased land bygsle to lease land bygslet leased land bygsel agreement for leasing land byrå department bødker cooper, barrel maker børn children (archaic) bøtelagt to have been fined bære to carry båd boat (archaic) båret carried båt boat, ship To top of page C circa approximately civilstand marital status (archaic) confirmerede confirmed (archaic) copulerede married (archaic) To top of page D d. abbreviation for "døde" - died d.e. abbreviation for "den eldre" - the older d.y. abbreviation for "den yngre" - the younger d.s.s. abbreviation for "det samme som" -- the same as dl. abbreviation for "dalar" - old currency da then, when daab baptism (archaic. see dåp) daap baptism (archaic. see dåp) dag day dagen før the day before dagarbeider day laborer dagsarbeider day laborer dal valley dalar old currency dampskib steamship (archaic) dannekvinde gentlewoman dannemand gentleman dansk Danish datere to date dato date datter daughter datterdatter grandaughter (daughter's daughter) dattersønn grandson (daughter's son) datum (Latin) date de they, those, the degn parish clerk deira (nn) their dele partion, divide deling partitioning, dividing delt partitioned/divided delvis partially dem them, they den the, it, that denne this der there deres their derfor therefor det it, the, that difteri diphtheria dimmitert discharged from military service din yours direktør manager, director disse these distrikt district distriktsjef district manager diverse various, miscellaneous docent reader (UK), associate professor (US) doktor medical doctor dokument document dom judgment domkirke cathedral dommer judge domprost cathedral dean domstol court of law dotter (nn) daughter dra 1) to travel, 2)to pull dragon dragoon, light infantryman dreng 1) young male servant, 2) boy drengebarn male child drev ran, operated drive run, operate drukne drown druknet drowned dydig virtuous dyr 1) animal, 2) expensive dyrlege veterinarian dø to die dø ut die out døde died døde etter died after døde før died before dødfødt stillborn dødsbo estate of a deceased person dødsdato date of death dødsfall death dødsår year of death døgn day (24 hour period of time) dømt sentenced (judicial) døbe baptise (archaic) døbenavn christian name (archaic) døbt baptized (archaic) døpe baptise døpenavn christian name døpt baptized, named døtre daughters døv deaf døvstum deaf and dumb døyde (nn) died døype (nn) baptize dåp baptism dåpsattest certificate of baptism dåpsdag baptismal day To top of page E efter after efterkommer descendant efterkommere descendants efterlatte survivors efterlevende survivors eftermiddag afternoon efternavn surname, last name efterslektstavle table of descendants egen own (his own, her own, etc.) egentlig actually eie to own eiendom property, estate eiendomsdeling distribution of property in probate eige (nn) to own eigelut (nn) possession (of things) eigendom (nn) property, estate eje to own ekspeditør clerk, shop assistant ekstraskatt supplementary tax ekstraskattemanntall census type listing of those paying supplementary tax ekte 1) legitimate, 2) to marry ektefelle spouse ektepar married couple ekteskap marriage ekteskapelig marital, conjugal ekteviet married eldre older eldst oldest eldste oldest eller or elleve eleven ellevte eleventh elv river embete public office embetsmann senior civil servant or clergy member embetsmannsarkivet archive of senior civil servants and state clergy emigrant emigrant emigrantprotokoller records maintained by the police in main seaports of those who emigrated through the seaport emigrasjon emigration emigrere emigrate en one ene alone enebarn only child eng grassland/meadow engelsk English engelsk syke rickets enhver each enke widow enkemann widower enkestand widowed enkja (nn) widow enkje (nn) widow enkjemann (nn) widower ennu still, yet enslig single entall singular epilepsi epilepsy er am, is, are erhverv livelihood erkjenne acknowledge erter peas et a, one etasje floor, story etnisitet ethnicity ett one etter after etterfølger successor etterfølgere successors evne intelligence examen degree (akademic)/certificate examen artium degree from senior high school To top of page F f. abbreviation for "fødd" - born fabrikk factory fader father (archaic) fadder godfather, godmother, sponsor faderskap paternity fallesyke epilepsy falt fell fam. abbreviation for "familie" - family fam. still. abbreviation for "familie stilling" - position in familiy familie family familie historie genealogy lineage book familienavn family name, surname familiestilling position in the family fange prisoner far father farbror father's brother, uncle farfar paternal grandfather farger dyer farmasøyt pharmacist farmor paternal grandmother farskap paternity farsot pestilence, plague fartøy vessel, craft farver dyer faste fast fastelavn shrovetide faster aunt (father's sister) fattig poor fattighus poor-house fattiglem pauper fattiggutt poor boy fedre fathers felles common, joint fem five femte fifth femten fifteen femtende fifteenth femti fifty femtiende fiftieth fengsel prison fenrik ensign (1700's), second lieutenant (modern) festning fortress fetter male cousin fikk received finne 1) to find 2) person from Finland finnsk person from Finland fire four firmenning third cousin fisk fish fisker fisherman fjell mountain fjerde fourth fjorten fourteen fjortende fourteenth flere several more flittig diligent flytte move flytte fra move away from flytte til move to flyttningsregister migration register fogd bailiff, bailiwick (archaic) fogderegnskap bailiff records, bailiwick records (archaic) fogderi administrative unit (archaic) foged see "fogd" (archaic) folk people folkeregister register of people folkehøyskole "folk high-school", "people's college" folketelling census of all persons, male and female. Cf. "manntall" folkekirken state church for for, at, before, by foran in front of forblødning bled to death forbrytelse crime foreldre parents foreldreløs orphan forening association, society forettning shop forettningsmann shopowner forfatter author forfedre ancestors, forefathers forgjenger predecessor forhenværende former, previous, preceding forklaring explanation forlate 1) leave, abandon, 2) forgive forlove engage to forlovelse engagement forlover sponsor, best man formiddag morning formann foreman, supervisor formynder guardian formue assets fornavn first name forpakter tenant farmer, one who leases the right to cultivate a farm forrige former fostand intellect, mind forsikring insurance forsikringspremie insurance premium forsiktig careful forsiktige careful forskning research forsørge to provide for, support forsørges av supported by fortid past forvalter manager forældre parents (archaic - see "foreldre") fosterb. abbreviation for "fosterbarn" - fosterchild fosterd. abbreviation for "fosterdatter" - fosterdaughter fosters. abbreviation for "fostersønn" - fosterson fosterbarn fosterchild fosterfar fosterfather fostermor fostermother fosterbror fosterbrother fosterson (nn) fosterson fostersønn fosterson fostersøster fostersister fostre foster, raise fotograf photographer fotografi photograph fra from fraflytte leave, move away fragtbeløp cost of ticket, freight charge fram forward fraskille separate property fraskilt jord separated/subdivided property fraværende absent fredag Friday frem forward fremstående prominent fremmed 1) stranger, foreigner, 2) foreign fremtid future fritid free time fritidsintresse hobby frivillig volunteer fru salutation used in letters. Equivalent to Mrs. frue wife fruktsommelig pregnant frøken unmarried woman, miss frå (nn) from fulde full (archaic) full 1) full, complete, 2) drunk fullmakt power of attorney, authorization fullmektig head clerk, agent fylke county fyr lighthouse fyrste (nn) first fædre fathers, paternal ancestors (archaic) fædrene fathers, paternal ancestors (archaic) fætter male cousin (archaic - see "fetter") fødd born føderåd support received after giving one's estate to one's successor. Also called "kaar"/"kår" føderådskone woman receiving føderåd føderådsmann man receiving føderåd fødesogn native parish fødested place of birth fødsel birth fødselsattest birth certificate fødselsdato date of birth fødselsdag birthday fødselsregister register of births fødselsår year of birth født born født utenom ektenskap born out of wedlock føl (nn) foal føll foal følgende following før before, previously første first ført recorded førti fourty førtiende fourtieth få to receive får 1) sheep, 2) receives To top of page G g. abbreviation for "gård" or "gift", depending on context g.m. abbreviation for "gift med" gaard farm (archaic - see "gård") gaardbruker farmer (archaic - see "gårdbruker") gaardsmann farmer (archaic - see gårdsmann") gaardsnavn farm name (archaic - see "gårdsnavn") gaardsnummer farm number (archaic - see "gårdsnummer") gard (nn) farm gallfeber jaundice gade street (arcahic) gammel old gammelt old gamle the old gartner gardener garver tanner gate street gave gift geistelig ecclesiastical, of or pertaining to the church geit goat geiter goats generasjon generation gift married gift m. abbreviation for "gift med" - married to gift 2. gang m. married second time to gift med married to giftarmål (nn) marriage gikk walked gikt arthritis, rheumatism gjeit goat gjeld debt gjenlevende survivors gjennom through gjestgiver innkeeper gjet goat gjeter herdsman god good gods estate/property godseier owner of a large estate grav grave grave to dig gravlagt buried gravlegge to bury gravlund cemetery gravsten gravestone gren branch grenader infantryman grend rural neighborhood/area greve count grevinne countess gris pig grossist wholesaler grube mine grubearbeider miner grunn reason, ground grønn green Gud God gudfar godfather gudmor godmother gull gold gulsott jaundice gulv floor gutt boy gymnas senior high school gymnasiast student in senior high school gå to walk gård farm gårdbruker farmer gårdeier farm owner gårdsdagens of yesterday gårdsnavn name of farm gårdsnummer farm number To top of page H hpg. abbreviation for "hospitalgods" - land belonging to a hospital and leased out to farmers hr. abbreviation for "Herr" ha have, possess hadde had, possessed halv half halvbror half-brother halvsøsken half-brother(s) and/or half-sister(s) halvsøster half-sister ham him hamn port han he handel trade handelsbetjent shop assistant handelshøyskole college of economics and business administration handelsmann merchant, trader hans his har has, have hatt hat hattemaker hatmaker havde had, possessed (archaic - see "hadde") havn port, harbor havre oats heile (nn) whole/entire heim (nn) home heime (nn) at home hele whole, entire heller rather hellig holy helligday holiday hendes hers (archaic) henne her hennar (nn) hers hennes hers her here herad municipality and judicial district (archaic - now called "kommune") heradsrett district court heradsskrivere district taxation registrar herkomst ancestry Herr salutation used in letters. Equivalent to Mr. herred municipality and judicial district (archaic - now called "kommune") herregård mansion/estate Herren God, the Lord hest horse hester horses heter is named hi (nn) the other hittebarn orphan hjelpe help, assist hjelper help, assist hjem home hjemme at home hjemmedøpt baptized at home hjemmehørende residing hjemmet the home hjerne brain hjerneblødning stroke, cerebral hemorrhage hjerneslag stroke hjernesvulst brain tumor hjerte heart hjertefeil heart disease hjerteinfarkt heart attack, myocardial infarction hjertesvikt heartfailure hjem home hjemsted place of residence hjo (nn) at hjul wheel hjulmaker wheelwright hjælper help, assist (archaic - see "hjelper") hjå (nn) at, with holde hold hor adultery hos at, with hoste caugh hospital hospital hovedliste census list hud 1) cow hide 2) tax on land was often measured in terms of number of hides hun her hundre hundred hus house husar cavalryman husdyr farm animals, e.g. cattle, horses, etc. huset the house huslyd a family unit living together in a house hussar cavalryman husbonde male head of household on a farm hushjelp housemaid husholderske housekeeper husholdning household husholdninger households husmann crofter, person who rented a house with or without a small plot of land on a larger farm. Rent was paid by doing part time work for the farmer husmann m. j. abbreviation for "husmann med jord" husmann med jord person who rented a house with small plot of land on a larger farm husmann u. j. abbreviation for "husmann uten jord" husmann uten jord person who rented a house without any land on a larger farm husmannsseddel written contract between husmann and the farmer that he rented from husmor housewife hustand household hustru wife hva what hvad what (archaic) hvem who hver every hvilken which hvis if, whose hvit white hvor where hvordan how hvorfor why hvorvidt whether høj 1) tall, high, 2) hay (archaic) højde height (archaic) høst fall (the season) høy 1) tall, high, 2) hay høyde height høyre right (as in right hand) hånd hand håndarbeide handwork håndverk occupation, trade håndverkssvenn journeyman To top of page I ikr. abbreveation for "ikring" - about, approximately i in, within i går yesterday ibid same place (archaic) ikje (nn) not ikke not ikring (nn) about, approximately ild fire ildebrann accidental fire imellom in between, among immigrere immigrate imorgen tomorrow indre inner (as oppposed to outer) infeksjon infection incest incest inderste lodger on a farm ingen none ingeniør engineer inn in inne i inside innerst lodger on a farm innflytte move into, immigrate innflytning moved into, immigrated innrullere enlist (military) innsjø lake innvandre immigrate innvandring immigration intet none Island Iceland islandsk Icelandic To top of page J jfr. abbreviation for "jamfor" - compare with, see jagt hunt jamfør see, compare to jamgodt (nn) equivalent to jamstore (nn) equally large jeg me jeger 1) hunter, 2) light infantry soldier jevnførelsesliste index, cross-reference in church records jomfru damsel, Miss jonsok midsummer day jord soil, land jordarbeider farmworker, field laborer jordbok land register, real estate register jordbruk farming jordbruksområde areas for farming jordbøkene land registers, real estate registers jorddrott landlord jordeier owner of land jordet buried jordfeste funeral service jordmor midwife jordskatten 1802 land tax of 1802 jordskyld rental fee for renting land journalist journalist jul Christmas jur. dr. LL.D., Doctor of laws jurist lawyer jus law To top of page K k. abbreviation for "kone" - wife, or "kvinne" - woman kj.abbreviation for "kjønn" sex/gender krg. abbreviation for "krungods" - land belonging to the king and leased out to farmers krung. abbreviation for "krungods" - land belonging to the king and leased out to farmers kadett cadet (army), midshipman (navy) kalde call, name kaldet called, named kalle call, name kalle opp etter to name after kallet named kanskje perhaps kapell chapel kapellan curate, cleric who assists the priest, deacon kaptein captain karakter grade, marks katedral cathedral katolsk Catholic kavaleri cavalry kikhoste whooping cough kilde source kirke church kirkebok church register of birhts, marriages, etc. kirkegods land belonging to the church and leased out to farmers kirkegård cemetary kirurg surgeon kirurgi surgery kiste chest, coffin kj. abbreviation for "kjønn" sex/gender kje kid, young goat kjent known kjevhendt left-handed kjole dress kjønn sex/gender kjøpe purchase, buy kjøpmann merchant, shopkeeper kjøpstad city/town with merchant privileges kjøpte purchased klart clear klengenavn nickname klokker parish clerk/church bell ringer klokkerbok duplicate of the "kirkebok" maintained by the "klokker" kloster monastery, convent klostergods land owned by a monastary and leased out to farmers knapp button kokk cook koldbrann gangrene kolera cholera kollega colleague kolonialbutikk general store kommune municipality, township kommunikanter attendants at Holy communion kompanjon business partner konditori pastry-shop konduktør railway conductor kone wife konferer compare konfirmasjon confirmation (religious) konfirmere confirmed (religious) konge king kongelig royal konkurs bankruptcy konsulent consultant kontingent contingent kontor office kontrakt contract koppeattest smallpox vaccination certificate koppeinnpodning inoculation with the smallpox vaccine kopper 1) smallpox, 2) copper korporal corporal kreatur cattle, live stock kreaturstell caring for cattle, live stock kreft cancer kreve demand krevde demanded krig war krigen the war krigsfange prisoner of war kristna (nn) baptized kristne (nn) to baptize krungods land belonging to the king and leased out to farmers krupp croup krøpling crippled ku cow kun only kunngjøre declare kunnskap knowledge kusine female cousin kveg cattle kveite 1) halibut, 2) wheat kvele choke kveld evening kvensk Norwegian minority people originally from Finland kvindkjønn female (archaic) kvinne woman kvinnekjønn female kvinner women kværn mill kylling chicken kyllinger chickens kyr cattle kyrkje (nn) church kyrkjegods (nn) real estate owned by the church and leased out to farmers kyst coastline kystvakt coastguard kår an allowance of food, living space, etc. (basically room and board) given to a farmer in his old age as a form of pension after he had given the farm to his heir (usually the oldest son). See also "kårstova" and "odelsgutt" /"odelsjente". The "kår" agreement was usually made with the son/daughter who took over/inherited the farm. Also see "føderåd" kårfolk elderly couple who is supported by kår kårhus house on the farm where the kårfolk live kårkone elderly woman who is being supported by kår kårmann elderly man who is being supported by kår kårstue house on a farm where the kårfolk live To top of page L l. abbreviation for "laup" - old measurement ld. abbreviation for "lodd" - old measurement lsk. abbreviation for "landskyld" - yearly fee for leasing land ltn. abbreviation for "løytnant" - lieutenant la let, allow lam lamb land 1) country, 2) property landet rural area landhandel general store landsby rural village landsfogd county police commissioner landskyld 1) yearly fee for leasing land, 2) real estate tax langfredag Good Friday laug guild laugverge guardian laup old measurement lausunge child born outside wedlock (somewhat rude expression) legd welfare, military levying district legdslem welfare recipient leie rent out, hire leieboer tenant leier tenant leiermål fornication, sexual intercourse between unmarried persons leilending lease holder, tenant farmer leilænding lease holder, tenant farmer (archaic) lejermål fornication, sexual intercourse between unmarried persons lege physician, doctor lenge long lensmann sheriff, rural police officer lese read leve live levende alive, living lever av occupation, source of income lik 1) like, 2) corpse likeledes also lille small liste list listenummer list number lite little liten small litt small liv life lodd old measurement 1 lodd = 14.6246 grams los ship's pilot logerende lodger (archaic) losjerende lodger (archaic) losjerende, hører til fam. lodger who is related to the family lov 1) law, 2) permission lovlig permitted, legal lovtale eulogy lunge lungs lungebetennelse pneumonia lungetuberkulose pulmonary tuberculosis lut (nn) part lysning reading of wedding banns in church lysninger wedding banns read in church lærar (nn) male teacher lærarinne (nn) female teacher læregutt apprentice lærer male teacher lærerinne female teacher lærling apprentice løbenummer serial number (archaic) løitnant lieutenant løpenummer serial number lørdag Saturday løsaktig loose or immoral woman løsarbeider day laborer, wageworker that would work at different times at different farms, i.e. helping with the harvest in the fall, cutting wood in the winter, and planting etc. in the spring løse 1) to pay off mortgage on land, 2) to buy out co-owners of land løse folck see løsarbeider løyse (nn) 1) to pay off mortgage on land, 2) to buy out co-owners of land løytnant lieutenant To top of page M m. abbreviation for "mann" - man m.a. abbreviation for "med annet" - among other things m.v. abbreviation for "med videre" - et cetera, and so on matr. abbreviation for "matrikkel" - land register mk. abbreviation for "mark" - old measurement mmb. abbreviation for "månadsmatabol" - old measurement magesår ulcer magistrat town administrator major major maler painter maleri painting mand male (archaic) mandkjønn male (archaic) mange many mann 1) male, 2) husband mannkjønn male manntall census (of males only). Cf. "folketall" marine navy mark 1) field, 2) old currency marklag old measurement maskin engine maskinist engineer mat food matr. abbreviation for "matrikkel" - land register matrikkel written register, usually refers to the written register of ownership and transfers of real estate, but see "Skattematrikkel" (below) which refers to the tax register matrikkelnummer number in the land register/roll matros sailor mark old measurement. 1 mark = 250 grams mavesår ulcer med with med videre et cetera, and so on med. dr. M.D., Doctor of Medicine medbragt brought with medeier partner/joint owner medgift dowry medhjelper assistant medlem member meg me mejeri dairy mekaniker mechanic mellom middle men but menig soldier with rank of private menighet congregation menn men mennesker persons mer more, additional merker old measurement merknad comments, remarks meslinger measles mester master of a trade (certified as such by a guild) midnatt midnight midlertidig temporarily mil 10 kilometers militær military min mine (possessive) mindre lesser mindreårig underage minste 1) smallest, 2) youngest minutt minute moder mother (archaic, see "mor") mor mother mord murder morfar maternal grandfather morgen morning mormor maternal grandmother moster aunt (mother's sister); compare "faster" - aunt (father's sister) motta receive murer mason, bricklayer musiker musician myndig of age (be of) møbel furniture møbelsnekker furniture maker møller miller mønstre av (maritime) sign off from crew's list mønstre på (maritime) sign onto crew's list måned month månedsmatleige old taxation measurement equivalent to 3 pounds of butter. A unit of land for which one paid one "månadsmatleige". Literally food for one man for one month. Discontinued in the latter part of the medieval ages (1350-1500) månadsmatabol see "månadsmatleige" To top of page N n. abreviation for "navn" - name nsj. abbreviation for "nasjonalitet" - nationality naar when (archaic - see når) naar afreist date of departure (archaic) namn (nn) name nabo neighbor nadverd communion, sacrament nasjonalitet nationality natt night nattverd Holy Communion nattverdsgang Holy Communion naut (nn) cattle navn name ned down nedbrent burned down nedre lower nei no nest second, e.g., second oldest son neste next nevne mention nevnt mentioned nevø nephew ni nine niende ninth niese niece nitten nineteen nittende nineteenth nitti ninety nittiende ninetieth noen some, someone, something nokre (nn) some, someone, something nord north nordre northern norsk Norwegian noter notes nu now nuhavende present nulevende now living nummer number nuværende present ny new nyfødt newborn nylig lately nyttår new year nær near næringsvei occupation, trade nå now når 1) when, 2) if, 3) reach To top of page O o.s.v. abbreviation for "og så videre" - and so on odg. abbreviation for "odelsgutt" odj. abbreviation for "odelsjente" odr. abbreviation for "odelsrett" oberst colonel odel see "odelsrett" odelsgutt oldest son who had right to inherit the farm odelsjente oldest daughter who had right to inherit the farm, there being no sons odelsrett allodial right of the oldest child to inherit the parents' farm offentlig public, official ofte frequently og and oldebarn great grandchild oldefar great grandfather oldemor great grandmother oldeforeldre great grandparents om if, about ombudsman trade-union representative omegn neighboring places omkom killed, died omkomme killed, died omkring approximately omlag approximately omtrent approximately, almost onkel uncle onsdag Wednesday opp up oppe up, above, upstairs oppfostre to raise oppført listed opphav origin oppholdsted place of residence oppholt stayed at oppløse ekteskap dissolve marriage opprinnelse origin oppvaksen (nn) grow up oppvokse grow up ordfører mayor oss us over over overleve survive overlevende the survivors overlate transfer ownership, assign overtredelse transgression To top of page P pants. abbreviation for "pantsette" - mortgage, give as collateral for loan pd. abbreviation for "pund" - old measurement pg. abbreviation for "pige" pk. abbreviation for "pike" prb. abbreviation for "prestebol" - land belonging to a parish, usually refers to the farm house where the priest lived (the vicarage) prgj. abbreviation for "prestegjeld" - parish pant mortgage, collateral for a loan pantebok record book of mortgages pantsette mortgage, give as collateral for loan parsell parcel of land part part parykk wig pastor vicar, minister penger money pension pension pensionering retirement pensionist pensioner permisjon leave of absence permitert be on leave person person pest plague, pestilence pige girl (archaic). See "pike" pike girl pikebarn female child pikenavn maiden name pinse pentecost plante plant plantet planted plass see "husmannsplass" above pleiebarn fosterchild pleiefar foster father pleiedatter foster daughter pleieforeldre foster parents pleiemor foster mother pleiesønn foster son politi police politimann police officer politiker politician post mail postmester postmaster potet potato preses president, chairman prest priest, clergyman prestebol land belonging to a parish, usually refers to the farm house where the priest lived (the vicarage) prestebolgods land belonging to a parish that was leased out to farmers prestegjeld parish prestegård minister's farm and farmhouse privat private prost senior priest who supervised the priests in the subparishes protokoll minutes, written log præst priest (archaic) præstegjeld parish (archaic). See "prestegjeld" pund old measurement: 1 pund = 6 kilograms på at/on påske easter To top of page R rbdl. abbreviation for "riksbankdalar" - old currency rdl. abbreviation for "riksdalar" - old currency realskole secondary school, junior high school register register, book of records registrert registered regning bill regnskap account reinsdyr reindeer reise 1) to travel, 2) to erect, 3) a journey rektor headmaster, school principal rett 1) court 2) correct, right rettferdig just, righteous rettsak law suit revisor auditor ride ride ridder knight rig wealthy (archaic for "rik") rik wealthy riksbankdalar (nn) old currency riksbankdaler old currency riksdalar (nn) old currency riksdaler old currency riktig correct ring poor quality, used to describe fields rug rye (the grain) rulle list, roll rundt around rytter cavalryman råd advice rådhus city hall rådmann councilman To top of page S s. abbreviation for "sønn" - son or "samme" - same, depending on context s.å. abbreviation for "samme året" - the same year sk. abbreviation for "skøyte" - transfer ownership of real estate skld. abbreviation for "skylddalar" - taxes owed in "dalar" skill. abbreviation for "skilling" - old currency skmk.abbreviation for "skyldmark" - taxes owed in "mark" spd. abbreviation for "speciedalar" - old currency St. abbreviation for "Sancte", "Sancta" - Saint sa said, stated sag saw sagbruk sawmill sagbrukseier sawmill owner sagmester master sawmiller sakfører attorney sakristi vestry, sacristy salig deceased, holy, blessed sambo, samboer cohabitee, common law wife/husband same 1) same (nn) 2) a Lapp (nomadic people in northern Norway) samfunn society samisk Lapp (nomadic people in northern Norway) samman (nn) together sammanboende (nn) cohabitation samme same samme dag same day sammen together samtlige all samtykke consent, agreement sau sheep se to see seg oneself, himself, herself seil sail seilbåt sailboat seile to sail seilte sailed sekretær secretary seks six seksten sixteen sekstende sixteenth seksti sixty sekstiende sixtieth selde (nn) sold selgde sold selge sell selger seller selv self selveier farmer who owns his own farm, i.e., does not lease it selvmord suicide senere later seng bed sengeliggende bedridden separere separate separeret separeted sersjant sergeant seter summer cabin with grazing land in the mountains sia (nn) thereafter, later side page, side siden thereafter, later sidenummer page number sild herring sin his, hers, its sine his, his, hers, its sinnsvak insane, retarded sinnsyk insane sinnsykehus insane asylum siste last, latter siste olje last rites sitt his, hers, its sivilstand marital status sjef chief sjeleregister early parish register sjette sixth sju seventh sjuende seventh skal shall, must skarlagensfeber scarlet fever skatt tax skattelister tax registers skattemanntall census like listing of persons subjected to pay taxes skattematrikkel written tax roll, register sjø sea sjøkaptein captain of a vessel sjømann seaman, sailor sjå see, refer to sjå br.nr. 10, Ligård see/refer to bruk number 10 at the Ligård farm sjåfør driver skib ship (archaic) skibsfører captain of a ship (archaic) skifte distribution of property in a probate proceeding skifteprotokoll probate records skifteretten probate court skiftesamling meeting of heirs skild divorced, partitioned, subdivided skilde divorce, partition, subdivide skille to divorce, partition, subdivide skilling old currency skilsmisse divorce skilt divorced skip ship skipper skipper, master mariner skipreide military district (archaic) skjedde happened skjorte shirt sko shoes skog forest skole school skoledistrict school district skoleholder schoolmaster skolemester schoolmaster skolestyre school board skomaker shoemaker, cobbler (repar.) skredder tailor skrin small chest skuld (nn) 1) debt, 2) tax (especially real estate tax: "landsskyld") skulle should skutt shot skyld 1) debt, 2) tax (especially real estate tax: landsskyld) skylddalar taxes owed in "dalar" skyldmark taxes owed in "mark" skyte shoot skøyte 1) transfer of deed for ownerhsip of real estate, 2) sailboat skøytebok register of transfers of ownership of real estate slag 1) stroke, apoplectic stroke, 2) military battle, 3) blow slakte to butcher slakter butcher slaktet butchered slekt relatives, kin slektninger relatives, kin slektsforskning genealogy, genealogical research slektsgren branch, line of a family slektshistorie family history slektsvåpen family coat of arms slektning relative slektsnavn family name, surname slektstavle family tree/chart slott castle/palace slått mowing hay slåttonn mowing season smaabruk small farm (archaic) smed blacksmith småbruk small farm småfe sheep and goats snart soon snedker carpenter (archaic). See "snekker" snekker carpenter, cabinetmaker snædker carpenter (archaic). See "snekker" sogn subparish sogneprest subparish priest sokn subparish (archaic). See "sogn" sokneprest subparish priest (archaich) soldat soldier solgt sold solgte sold som who, which, that sommer summer son (nn) son sonen (nn) son sorenskriver magistrate, probate judge sort black spann bucket (used as old measurement) spanske syken Spanish flu spebarn infant speciedaler old currency sprit alcohol språk language stabbur storehouse on pillars stad town stamgods inherited property/estate staten the national government statsarkivet National archives statsminister prime minister stamfar progenitor stamtavle ancestry table stand occupation stebarn step child stebror stepbrother sted place stedatter stepdaughter stedsnavn name of a place stefar step father stemor stepmother stesønn stepson stesøster stepsister stift diocese (archaic) stilling occupation stor large storfe cattle storkveg (nn) cattle stove (nn) small house or cottage straff punishment straks immediately, right away strandsitter person who rented a house on a larger farm near or at the coastline. See "husmann" stridt difficult stum mute, unable to speak styrmann ships mate støl see "seter" største largest står stands svak weak svakhet weakness svart black svenn apprentice svensk Swedish svenske Swede Sverige Sweden svigerinne sister-in-law svigerdatter daughter-in-law svigerfar father-in-law siverforeldre father-in-law and mother-in-law svigerinne sister-in-law svigermor mother-in-law svigersønn son-in-law svin pig svoger brother-in-law svulst tumor svær large sy to sow syd south sydlig southern syerske seamstress syfilis syphilis syk sick sykdom illness sykdomstilstand state of health sykelig sickly sykehus hospital sypige seamstress sypike seamstress syskenborn (nn) cousins syster (nn) sister sytten seventeen syttende seventeenth sytti seventy syttiende seventieth syv seven syvende seventh sølv silver sølveigar (nn) farmer who owns his own farm, i.e., does not lease it søn son (archaic for "sønn") søndag Sunday søndre southern sønn son sønnedatter granddaughter, son's daughter sønnesønn grandson, son's son sør south søsken siblings søskenbarn cousins søster sister søstersønn sister's son søsterdatter sister's daughter sæter summer cabin with grazing land in the mountains så 1) saw (to see), 2) so, if so, 3) sow (seeds) sådan such således thus To top of page T ta to take tak roof takk thank you takksigelse thanksgiving takst rated value tale speech tall number tallet, 1800-tallet etc. century, 19th century etc tambur drummer (military) tann tooth tannlege dentist tante aunt taus quiet teglverk brickworks teig field on a farm tellingstedet location of census, enumeration place testament will, last will and testament testamentere bequeath to two ti ten tid time tidlig early tidligere earlier, prior tidsperiode time period tiend tithing, one tenth of one's income or harvest, payable to the church tiende a tenth tigger beggar tilbakestående mentally retarded til sjøss at sea tilhøre belong to tillatelse permission, dispensasion tilreisende visitor tilstede present time hour ting district court tingbøker court records. tinglag judicial district tinn pewter tippoldefar great great grandfather tippoldemor great great grandmother tippoldeforeldre great great grandparents tirsdag Tuesday titel title (archaic for "tittel") tittel title tjene 1) to serve, to work, 2) to earn tjener servant tjeneste service tjenestedreng young male servant tjenestefolk servants tjenestegutt young male servant tjenestekarl male servant tjenestejente young female servant, maid tjenestepige young female servant, maid tjente 1) served, 2) earned tjue twenty tjuende twentieth to two tok took toll customs tollbetjent customs agent tollverket customs department tolv twelve tolvte twelth tomt lot (of land) torsdag Thursday tre 1) the number three, 2) a tree tredde third tredje third tredve thirty tremenning second cousin trelast load of lumber tretten thirteen trettende thirteenth trolig probably trulig (nn) probably trolove betroth, engage trolovelse betrothment, engagement trolovet engaged trossamf. abbreviation for "trossamfunn" - religious belief trossamfunn religious belief tuberkulose tuberculosis tugthus prison (archaic) tukthus prison (archaic) tusen thousand tvilling twin tyfus typhoid fever tysk German Tyskland Germany tyv thief tyve twenty tyvende twentieth tømmer lumber tømmermann carpenter, framer tønne barrel tørke drought tæring tuberculosis (archaic) tå (nn) from To top of page U ug. abbreviation for "ugift" - single, not married udi from, in (archaic) udøpt not baptized uekte illegitimate, out of wedlock ufør crippled uge week (archaic for "uke") ugift single not married uke week ukjent unknown ulovlig illegal ulykke accident ulykkelig unhappy umoralsk immoral umyndig under age/legally incompetent under under underholde support underskrevne the undersigned underskrift signature underskrive to sign undertegne to sign ung young ungkar bachelor, unmarried man ungkarl bachelor, unmarried man unntatt except ur watch urmaker watch-maker uskyldig innocent ussel miserable, poor usømmelig indecent ut out utarma worn out, impoverished utdrag abstract utdø extinct, die out utdødd extinct, died out uten without utenfor outside of utenfor ekteskap out of wedlock utenlands abroad utenom ekteskap out of wedlock utenomekteskapelig out of wedlock utflytte move out from utflytning move out from utføre to do, to perform utgi publish uti at, in utlandet abroad utnevnt appointed utskilt partitioned/divided from utukt lechery, fornication utvandre emigrate utvandrer emigrant utvandring emigration utviklingshemmet mentally retarded uægte illegitimate (archaic - see "uekte") To top of page V vaksinasjon vaccination vaksinasjonsprotokoll vaccination register vaksinert vaccinated vanfør disabled, paralyzed vanskapt deformed, handicapped vann 1) water, 2) lake vannsott dropsy vannvittig insane var was, were vart (nn) was vask wash vattersott dropsy ved 1) at, by, 2) firewood ved siden av next to vekse opp (nn) grow up velstand prosperity venn friend venstre left verge guardian verger guardians verneplikt military duty verbror (nn) brother-in-law verdotter (nn) daughter-i-law verfar (nn) father-in-law vermor (nn) mother-in-law verson (nn) son-in-law versøster (nn) sister-in-law vertshus inn, guesthouse verve enlist (military) vest west vestre western veterinær veterinary surgeon, veterinarian (US) veve weave vever weaver vidne witness vidnere witnesses vielse marriage, wedding vielsesattest marriage certificate viet married vigd married vigelse marriage vinter winter vitne witness vitnesbyrd testimony vogn wagon, carriage, vehicle vognfabrikk wagon factory vognmaker wagon maker voldta rape voldtekt rape voldtatt raped værdig worthy være to be værge guardian (archaic for "verge") våningshus the house on a farm where people live. våger old measurement vår 1) spring, 2) our To top of page W To top of page X To top of page Y yngre younger yngst youngest yrke profession, trade yttre outer-most To top of page Z Go to top of page (Index) Æ ægte legitimate (archaic) ægteskab marriage (archaic) ældste oldest (archaic) ærbødigst respectfully ære honor ærlig honest ætt family ættegransking genealogy ættling heir To top of page Ø øde abandoned, desolate ødegard farm that was abandoned during the Black death ødelegge destroy ødemark wasteland, wilderness øie eye ønske wish, desire, want øre 1) ear, 2) currency øst east østre eastern øvre upper øverste uppermost øy island øye eye øyde abandoned øyk (nn) mare (female horse) øyker (nn) mares (female horses) øverst upper To top of page Å åleine (nn) alone åker field ånd spirit åndssvak feeble minded år year år gammel age (in years) årehus small, one-room house with a small opening in the roof to let out smoke from the hearth. ("åre" = hearth). In use until the mid- to late- 1800's in many rural areas in Norway årene the years århundre century årleg (nn) annual, yearly årlig annual, yearly årsak cause, reason åtte 1) eight, 2) owned (nn) åttende eight åtti eighty åttiende eightieth To top of pageBack to "Bygdebøker"