(G)l*nn*n DNA Project: Lennan results 

My results on 113 markers are set out below. They are listed in numerical order, but first with DYS, then Y, then DYF markers. The consensus/most detailed numbers are indicated in bold face. The results included are those from {DNA-Fingerprint}, [DNA Heritage], (Family Tree DNA), <Sorenson - SMGF> and «Ethnoancestry». Where results are unavailable they are indicated by «x»).
It is noteworthy that where test results exist for the same marker from several labs they are generally identical after adjustment for differences in reporting conventions. In the case of Ethnoancestry, these adjustments were not obvious and were only communicated on demand for results which did not correspond with those of other testing firms. Differences in measuring conventions are available from DNA-Fingerprint and Sorenson Molecular Genealogy Foundation (SMGF).
Although SMGF do not communicate the results of their free y-dna test to testees, the results can be derived from their database when the results are, sometimes with a significant time-lag, included. For any interogation of the SMGF database, the adjustments necessary to standardised data, for certain markers indicated with an * below, are given in the footnote to the table. There are also several calibration differences between Ethnoancestry and FTDNA (i.e. in my case on DYS481, 490, 531 and DYS, or DYF406S1). All, except DYS481, are seemingly accounted for calibration differences. The DYS481 difference is based on a failure to follow the same conventions (see below). Based on Chandler, McDonald, Ethnoancestry and other sources, slow markers are indicated as follow: DYS494 and fast markers thus: DYS533. The dividing point is taken as a mutation rate of 0.0028. For borderline cases where there are differences in measurement with NIST values (e.g. for DYS385, 447, 389 and H4) quoted here no choice is made.

Note: Sorenson values indicated with an * are the values which are comparable with the other testing companies. For entry into the Sorenson Y-Chromosome search database, with the "Select Lab Standard" selected as "Unknown/Other", the values for these particular markers with an * should be adjusted as follows: DYS394/19: 16, instead of 15, DYS448: 22, instead of 19, DYS452: 30, instead of 11 and DYS463: 24, instead of 22. A comparison is also possible by setting the surname on the search page = "Lennan". Ethnoancenstry actual results were DYS481:18, DYS490:11, DYS531:12 and DYF406S1:3, but these, apparently from correspondence with the firm, should be adjusted to the values indicated above (i.e. 23, 12, 11, 10) to correspond to those from other firms. For DYS481, the adjustment given still leaves a difference of 1. Ethnoancestry suggests that this results from an incompatibility in the FTDNA reported figure with normally accepted standards.

SNP Tests (for deep paternal line ancestry)

The test results above are of so-called Short Tandem Repeat (STR) markers. These markers are useful in examining relatively recent ancestry. For deeper ancestry, SNP (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism) tests are required for certainty, although broad ancestral group may be derived from STR numbers. In fact many of the new groups that have been discovered have been identified initially from STR patterns. Identification of SNP markers have often come later. An SNP test determines the haplogroup (broad group of peoples from which the testee is descended post-ice age migrations) of the person involved. The most common Western European haplogroup is R1b, although a number of others exist (e.g. R1a predominant in Eastern Europe, I is common in Central Europe/Scandinavia, N is found in Northern Eurasia, etc.). SNP tests are becoming increasingly sophisticated as individual sub-groups are identified (e.g. Pictish, Northern O'Neill, Basque, etc.). Much of the advances in classification are coming from dedicated amateurs, essentially trawling y-dna databases for patterns. They generally congregate, and bring their diverse historical, statistical and other experience together on the rootsweb Y-DNA list. Some, even more enthusiastic, members have established the on-line International Society for Genetic Genealogy which may even be ahead of academia in the specialist area.

My own SNP results

First test from FTDNA (December 2004):
P25+, therefore R1b1.

Second test from DNA-H (September 2005):
First screening panel: M168 +, M89 +, M9 +, M45 +, M207 +, M343 + [i.e. therefore R1b], M96 -, M304 -, M175 - (expected deletion), M122 -
Second screening panel:
P25 + [i.e. therefore R1b1], M269 + [i.e. therefore R1b1c], M18 - [i.e. not R1b1a], M37 - [i.e. not R1b1c1], M65 - [i.e. not R1b1c2], M126 -(expected deletion) [i.e. not R1b1c3], M153 - [i.e. not R1b1c4], SRY-2627 - [i.e. not R1b1c6]. Thus I am R1b1c* (where * = as yet, undetermined)

Third test from Ethnoancestry (October 2006):
Results were not surprising. My haplogroup is still R1b1c*, but now also tested for M160 - [i.e. not R1b1c5], M222 - [i.e. not R1b1c7 (O'Neill)], P66 - [i.e. not R1b1c8], S21 - [i.e. not R1b1c9], S26 - [i.e. not R1b1c9a], S29 - [i.e. not R1b1c9b], S28 - [i.e. not R1b1c10].

Fourth test from Ethnoancestry (October 2007):
S68 - as expected. Result for S25 awaited.

Thus, my haplogroup result so far continues to be R1b1c* (where * = undetermined).  

Mt-dna Tests (for deep maternal line ancestry)

My test results, received from FTDNA, have determined my maternal haplogroup to be H (Helena - maternal haplogroups are still thought of in terms of Professor Sykes' "Seven daughters of Eve" - although the seven daughters have expanded exponentially since 2001!) which represents about 40% of all maternal lineages in Europe, and stretches into Western Asia as well. The result is record no. 8V5BH in the mitosearch data base. About one half of Europeans are of mt-DNA haplogroup H. According to Wikipedia, famous haplotype H members were Marie Antoinette and Empress Alexandra Fyodorovna and consequently Queen Victoria, Marie de' Medici, Anne of Austria, Charles II, James II, and William III of England, Leopold I of Belgium, etc. Within haplogroup H (for details, see the relevant project information or the new wiki site) there are sub-groups H1 to H15 plus HV. Identical results come from a separate test at SMGF. When the results below for HVR1 and HVR2 are plugged into the SMGF mtdna database, my maternal grandmother Conlan will appear in the matches there. In October 2007, results from FTDNA for their subclade test showed my haplogroup to be H2a.

The results (divergencies from the Cambridge reference sequence - the benchmark) are:

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